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Access to web-based platforms has enabled scientists to perform research remotely. A critical aspect of mass spectrometry data analysis is the inspection, analysis, and visualization of the raw data to validate data quality and confirm statistical observations. We developed the GNPS Dashboard, a web-based data visualization tool, to facilitate synchronous collaborative inspection, visualization, and analysis of private and public mass spectrometry data remotely.
Daniel Petras; Vanessa V. Phelan; Deepa Acharya; Andrew E. Allen; Allegra T. Aron; Nuno Bandeira; Benjamin P. Bowen; Deirdre Belle-Oudry; Simon Boecker; Dale A. Cummings Jr.; Jessica M Deutsch; Eoin Fahy; Neha Garg; Rachel Gregor; Jo Handelsman; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Alan K. Jarmusch; Scott A. Jarmusch; Katherine Louie; Katherine N. Maloney; Michael T. Marty; Michael M. Meijler; Itzhak Mizrahi; Rachel L Neve; Trent R. Northen; Carlos Molina-Santiago; Morgan Panitchpakdi; Benjamin Pullman; Aaron W. Puri; Robin Schmid; Shankar Subramaniam; Monica Thukral; Felipe Vasquez-Castro; Pieter C Dorrestein; Mingxun Wang. GNPS Dashboard: Collaborative Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Data in the Web Browser. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniel Petras, Vanessa V. Phelan, Deepa Acharya, Andrew E. Allen, Allegra T. Aron, Nuno Bandeira, Benjamin P. Bowen, Deirdre Belle-Oudry, Simon Boecker, Dale A. Cummings Jr., Jessica M Deutsch, Eoin Fahy, Neha Garg, Rachel Gregor, Jo Handelsman, Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos, Alan K. Jarmusch, Scott A. Jarmusch, Katherine Louie, Katherine N. Maloney, Michael T. Marty, Michael M. Meijler, Itzhak Mizrahi, Rachel L Neve, Trent R. Northen, Carlos Molina-Santiago, Morgan Panitchpakdi, Benjamin Pullman, Aaron W. Puri, Robin Schmid, Shankar Subramaniam, Monica Thukral, Felipe Vasquez-Castro, Pieter C Dorrestein, Mingxun Wang. GNPS Dashboard: Collaborative Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Data in the Web Browser. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Petras; Vanessa V. Phelan; Deepa Acharya; Andrew E. Allen; Allegra T. Aron; Nuno Bandeira; Benjamin P. Bowen; Deirdre Belle-Oudry; Simon Boecker; Dale A. Cummings Jr.; Jessica M Deutsch; Eoin Fahy; Neha Garg; Rachel Gregor; Jo Handelsman; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Alan K. Jarmusch; Scott A. Jarmusch; Katherine Louie; Katherine N. Maloney; Michael T. Marty; Michael M. Meijler; Itzhak Mizrahi; Rachel L Neve; Trent R. Northen; Carlos Molina-Santiago; Morgan Panitchpakdi; Benjamin Pullman; Aaron W. Puri; Robin Schmid; Shankar Subramaniam; Monica Thukral; Felipe Vasquez-Castro; Pieter C Dorrestein; Mingxun Wang. 2021. "GNPS Dashboard: Collaborative Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Data in the Web Browser." , no. : 1.
Background: Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound exhibiting multiple bioactivities that have been evaluated in vitro, in vivo as well as through clinical studies in humans. Some of them include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system protective effects. Further, curcumin is generally recognized as a safe substance because of its low toxicity. However, its molecular structure is susceptible to changes in pH, oxidation, photodegradation, low aqueous solubility, and biotransformation compromising its bioavailability; these drawbacks are successfully addressed through nanotechnology. Objective: The present review systematizes findings on the enhancement of curcumin’s beneficial effects when it is loaded and co-loaded into different types of nanosystems covering liposomes, polymeric and solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipid-polymeric hybrids, self- -assembled and protein-based core-shell systems in relation to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system protective bioactivities. Conclusion: Curcumin is a versatile molecule capable of exerting antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, and central nervous system protective effects in an enhanced manner using the possibilities offered by the nanotechnology-based approach. Its enhanced bioactivities are associated with increments in solubility, stability, bioavailability, as well as in improved intracellular uptake and cell internalization. These advantages, in addition to curcumin’s low toxicity, indicate the potential of curcumin to be loaded and co-loaded into nanosystems capable of providing a controlled release and targeted administration.
Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja; Krissia Wilhelm; Gustavo A. González-Aguilar; José R. Vega-Baudrit; Norma J. Salazar-López; Jesús A. Domínguez-Avila; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos. Curcumin Loaded and Co-loaded Nanosystems: A Review from a Biological Activity Enhancement Perspective. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 2021, 9, 85 -100.
AMA StyleAndrea M. Araya-Sibaja, Krissia Wilhelm, Gustavo A. González-Aguilar, José R. Vega-Baudrit, Norma J. Salazar-López, Jesús A. Domínguez-Avila, Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos. Curcumin Loaded and Co-loaded Nanosystems: A Review from a Biological Activity Enhancement Perspective. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. 2021; 9 (2):85-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea M. Araya-Sibaja; Krissia Wilhelm; Gustavo A. González-Aguilar; José R. Vega-Baudrit; Norma J. Salazar-López; Jesús A. Domínguez-Avila; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos. 2021. "Curcumin Loaded and Co-loaded Nanosystems: A Review from a Biological Activity Enhancement Perspective." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 9, no. 2: 85-100.
The phenolic profile of skin and flesh from Manifera indica main commercial cultivars (Keitt and Tommy Atkins) in Costa Rica was studied using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) on enriched phenolic extracts. A total of 71 different compounds were identified, including 32 gallates and gallotannins (of different polymerization degree, from galloyl hexose monomer up to decagalloyl hexoses and undecagalloyl hexoses); seven hydroxybenzophenone (maclurin and iriflophenone) derivatives, six xanthonoids (including isomangiferin and mangiferin derivatives); 11 phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives); and eight flavonoids (rhamnetin and quercetin derivatives). The findings for T. Atkins skin constitute the first report of such a high number and diversity of compounds. Also, it is the first time that the presence of gallotannin decamers and undecamers are reported in the skin and flesh of Keitt cultivar and in T. Atkins skins. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) was measured with high values especially for fruits' skins, with a TPC of 698.65 and 644.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, respectively, for Keitt and T. Atkins cultivars. Antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods were evaluated, with T. Atkins skin showing the best values for both DPPH (IC50 = 9.97 µg/mL) and ORAC (11.02 mmol TE/g extract). A significant negative correlation was found for samples between TPC and DPPH antioxidant values (r = -0.960, p < 0.05), as well as a significant positive correlation between TPC and ORAC (r = 0.910, p < 0.05) and between DPPH and ORAC antioxidant methods (r = 0.989, p < 0.05). Also, cytotoxicity was evaluated in gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), and colon adenocarcinoma (SW620), with T. Atkins skin showing the best results (IC50 = 138-175 µg/mL). Finally, for AGS and SW 620 cell lines particularly, a high significant negative correlation was found between cytotoxic activity and gallotannins (r = -0.977 and r = -0.940, respectively) while for the HepG2 cell line, the highest significant negative correlation was found with xanthonoids compounds (r = -0.921).
Mirtha Navarro; Elizabeth Arnaez; Ileana Moreira; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Krissia Wilhelm; Felipe Vargas; Pei Chen. Polyphenolic Characterization, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Mangifera indica Cultivars from Costa Rica. Foods 2019, 8, 384 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro, Elizabeth Arnaez, Ileana Moreira, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, Krissia Wilhelm, Felipe Vargas, Pei Chen. Polyphenolic Characterization, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Mangifera indica Cultivars from Costa Rica. Foods. 2019; 8 (9):384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro; Elizabeth Arnaez; Ileana Moreira; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Krissia Wilhelm; Felipe Vargas; Pei Chen. 2019. "Polyphenolic Characterization, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Mangifera indica Cultivars from Costa Rica." Foods 8, no. 9: 384.
Uncaria tomentosa, which is widely commercialized as an herbal medicine, constitutes an important source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. For instance, we have previously reported, for the first time, of a polyphenolic profile rich in proanthocyanidins from extracts of U. tomentosa plants, as well as their antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity on aerial bacteria, and cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines. These promising results prompted this research to evaluate the polyphenolic contents of U. tomentosa commercial products. We report a detailed study on the polyphenolic composition of extracts from U. tomentosa bark products (n = 18) commercialized in Costa Rica and Spain. Using HPLC-DAD/TQ-ESI-MS, a total of 25 polyphenolic compounds were identified, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ol monomers, procyanidin dimers, procyanidin trimers, as well as propelargonidin dimers. Our findings on the polyphenolic profile for all commercial samples show analogous composition to previous reports on U. tomentosa bark material, for instance a 41–49% content of procyanidin dimers and the presence of propelargonidin dimers (8–15%). However, most of the 18 commercial samples exhibit low proanthocyanidin contents (254.8–602.8 µg/g), more similar to previous U. tomentosa inner bark reports, while some exhibit better results, with one sample (SP-2) showing the highest contents (2386.5 µg/g) representing twice the average value of all 18 commercial products. This sample also exhibits the highest total phenolics (TP) and total proanthocyanidins (PRO) contents, as well as the highest Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) value (1.31 µg TE/g). One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey post hoc test indicated significant difference (p < 0.05) between products from Costa Rica and Spain for TP and PRO findings, with samples from Spain exhibiting a higher average value. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis results showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between TP, PRO, and ORAC results, and an especially important correlation between ORAC antioxidant values and procyanidin dimers (r = 0.843, p < 0.05), procyanidin trimers (r = 0.847, p < 0.05), and propelargonidin dimers (r = 0.851, p < 0.05) contents. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results indicated some variability in the composition regardless of their origin. However, only one sample (SP-2) stands out significatively, showing the highest PC1 because of its particularly high proanthocyanidins contents, which could be attributed to the 15% bark polyphenolic extract labeled in this commercial product, which differentiate this sample from all other 17 commercial samples. Therefore, our findings confirmed previous results on the value of extracts in the elaboration of potential commercial products from U. tomentosa, rich in proanthocyanidins and exhibiting high antioxidant activity.
Mirtha Navarro; Elizabeth Arnaez; Ileana Moreira; Alonso Hurtado; Daniela Monge; Maria Monagas. Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Uncaria tomentosa Commercial Bark Products. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 339 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro, Elizabeth Arnaez, Ileana Moreira, Alonso Hurtado, Daniela Monge, Maria Monagas. Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Uncaria tomentosa Commercial Bark Products. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (9):339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro; Elizabeth Arnaez; Ileana Moreira; Alonso Hurtado; Daniela Monge; Maria Monagas. 2019. "Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Uncaria tomentosa Commercial Bark Products." Antioxidants 8, no. 9: 339.
Lovastatin (LOV) is a drug used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Recent studies have identified its antioxidant effects and potential use in the treatment of some types of cancer. However, the low bioavailability related to its poor water solubility limits its use in solid oral dosage forms. Therefore, to improve the solubility of LOV three eutectic systems of LOV with the carboxylic acids benzoic (BEN), salicylic (SAL) and cinnamic (CIN) were obtained. Both binary phase and Tammann diagrams were constructed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data of mixtures prepared from 0.1 to 1.0 molar ratios. Binary mixtures and eutectics were prepared by liquid-assisted grinding. The eutectics were further characterized by DSC and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The LOV-BEN, LOV-SAL and LOV-CIN system formed a eutectic at an LOV mole fraction of 0.19, 0.60 and 0.14, respectively. The systems exhibited improvements in LOV solubility, becoming more soluble by five-fold in the LOV-SAL system and approximately four-fold in the other two systems. Considering that the solubility enhancements and the carboxylic acids used are generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the LOV eutectic systems are promising materials to be used in a solubility enhancement strategy for pharmaceutical product formulation.
Andrea Mariela Araya-Sibaja; José Roberto Vega-Baudrit; Teodolito Guillén-Girón; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Silvia Lucia Cuffini. Drug Solubility Enhancement through the Preparation of Multicomponent Organic Materials: Eutectics of Lovastatin with Carboxylic Acids. Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 112 .
AMA StyleAndrea Mariela Araya-Sibaja, José Roberto Vega-Baudrit, Teodolito Guillén-Girón, Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos, Silvia Lucia Cuffini. Drug Solubility Enhancement through the Preparation of Multicomponent Organic Materials: Eutectics of Lovastatin with Carboxylic Acids. Pharmaceutics. 2019; 11 (3):112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Mariela Araya-Sibaja; José Roberto Vega-Baudrit; Teodolito Guillén-Girón; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Silvia Lucia Cuffini. 2019. "Drug Solubility Enhancement through the Preparation of Multicomponent Organic Materials: Eutectics of Lovastatin with Carboxylic Acids." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 3: 112.
The experimental conditions necessary for stabilising irbesartan (IBS) tautomers in solution and selectively obtaining the desmotropic crystal forms are presented herein.
Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja; Mariola Urgellés; Felipe Vásquez-Castro; Felipe Vargas-Huertas; José Roberto Vega-Baudrit; Teodolito Guillén-Girón; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Silvia L. Cuffini. The effect of solution environment and the electrostatic factor on the crystallisation of desmotropes of irbesartan. RSC Advances 2019, 9, 5244 -5250.
AMA StyleAndrea M. Araya-Sibaja, Mariola Urgellés, Felipe Vásquez-Castro, Felipe Vargas-Huertas, José Roberto Vega-Baudrit, Teodolito Guillén-Girón, Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos, Silvia L. Cuffini. The effect of solution environment and the electrostatic factor on the crystallisation of desmotropes of irbesartan. RSC Advances. 2019; 9 (9):5244-5250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea M. Araya-Sibaja; Mariola Urgellés; Felipe Vásquez-Castro; Felipe Vargas-Huertas; José Roberto Vega-Baudrit; Teodolito Guillén-Girón; Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Silvia L. Cuffini. 2019. "The effect of solution environment and the electrostatic factor on the crystallisation of desmotropes of irbesartan." RSC Advances 9, no. 9: 5244-5250.
Uncaria tomentosa constitutes an important source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities mainly attributed until recently to alkaloids and triterpenes. We have previously reported for the first-time the polyphenolic profile of extracts from U. tomentosa, using a multi-step process involving organic solvents, as well as their antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity on aerial bacteria, and cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines. These promising results prompted the present study using food grade solvents suitable for the elaboration of commercial extracts. We report a detailed study on the polyphenolic composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of U. tomentosa bark and leaves (n = 16), using High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/TQ-ESI-MS). A total of 32 compounds were identified, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols monomers, procyanidin dimers and trimers, flavalignans–cinchonains and propelargonidin dimers. Our findings showed that the leaves were the richest source of total phenolics and proanthocyanidins, in particular propelargonidin dimers. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that the contents of procyanidin and propelargonidin dimers were significantly different (p < 0.05) in function of the plant part, and leaves extracts showed higher contents. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) values indicated higher antioxidant capacity for the leaves (p < 0.05). Further, correlation between both methods and procyanidin dimers was found, particularly between ORAC and propelargonidin dimers. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis results clearly indicated that the leaves are the richest plant part in proanthocyanidins and a very homogenous material, regardless of their origin. Therefore, our findings revealed that both ethanol and water extraction processes are adequate for the elaboration of potential commercial extracts from U. tomentosa leaves rich in proanthocyanidins and exhibiting high antioxidant activity.
Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Diego Alvarado-Corella; Ileana Moreira-Gonzalez; Elizabeth Arnaez-Serrano; Maria Monagas-Juan. Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa Bark and Leaves. Antioxidants 2018, 7, 65 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro-Hoyos, Diego Alvarado-Corella, Ileana Moreira-Gonzalez, Elizabeth Arnaez-Serrano, Maria Monagas-Juan. Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa Bark and Leaves. Antioxidants. 2018; 7 (5):65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Diego Alvarado-Corella; Ileana Moreira-Gonzalez; Elizabeth Arnaez-Serrano; Maria Monagas-Juan. 2018. "Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa Bark and Leaves." Antioxidants 7, no. 5: 65.
The phenolic composition of skin and flesh from Malus domestica apples (Anna cultivar) and Prunus domestica plums (satsuma cultivar) commercial cultivars in Costa Rica, was studied using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) on enriched-phenolic extracts, with particular emphasis in proanthocyanidin and flavonoids characterization. A total of 52 compounds were identified, including 21 proanthocyanidins ([(+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin]) flavan-3-ols monomers, five procyanidin B-type dimers and two procyanidin A-type dimers, five procyanidin B-type trimers and two procyanidin A-type trimers, as well as one procyanidin B-type tetramer, two procyanidin B-type pentamers, and two flavan-3-ol gallates); 15 flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin and naringenin derivatives); nine phenolic acids (protochatechuic, caffeoylquinic, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives); five hydroxychalcones (phloretin and 3-hydroxyphloretin derivatives); and two isoprenoid glycosides (vomifoliol derivatives). These findings constitute the first report of such a high number and diversity of compounds in skins of one single plum cultivar and of the presence of proanthocyanidin pentamers in apple skins. Also, it is the first time that such a large number of glycosylated flavonoids and proanthocyanidins are reported in skins and flesh of a single plum cultivar. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) was measured with high values observed for all samples, especially for fruits skins with a TPC of 619.6 and 640.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract respectively for apple and plum. Antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods were evaluated, with results showing also high values for all samples, especially again for fruit skins with IC50 of 4.54 and 5.19 µg/mL (DPPH) and 16.8 and 14.6 mmol TE/g (ORAC) respectively for apple and plum, indicating the potential value of these extracts. Significant negative correlation was found for both apple and plum samples between TPC and DPPH antioxidant values, especially for plum fruits (R = −0.981, p < 0.05) as well as significant positive correlation between TPC and ORAC, also especially for plum fruits (R = 0.993, p < 0.05) and between both, DPPH and ORAC antioxidant methods (R = 0.994, p < 0.05).
Mirtha Navarro; Ileana Moreira; Elizabeth Arnaez; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Felipe Vargas; Diego Alvarado; Pei Chen. Polyphenolic Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Malus domestica and Prunus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica. Foods 2018, 7, 15 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro, Ileana Moreira, Elizabeth Arnaez, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, Felipe Vargas, Diego Alvarado, Pei Chen. Polyphenolic Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Malus domestica and Prunus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica. Foods. 2018; 7 (2):15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro; Ileana Moreira; Elizabeth Arnaez; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Felipe Vargas; Diego Alvarado; Pei Chen. 2018. "Polyphenolic Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Malus domestica and Prunus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica." Foods 7, no. 2: 15.
The phenolic composition of leaves from Phyllanthus acuminatus L., a plant commonly used in Costa Rica as traditional medicine, was studied using UPLC-ESI-MS on an enriched phenolic extract. A total of 20 phenolic compounds were identified, comprising eight flavonoids (two flavanones—pinocembrin isomers and six derivatives from apigenin, chrysin, quercetin, and kaempferol); seven ellagitannins, two flavan-3-ols (prodelphinidin B dimer and (epi)gallocatechin); and three phenolic acids (ellagic acid, trimethylellagic acid, and ferulic acid). All of these compounds are reported for the first time in P. acuminatus, while previously reported in the genus Phyllanthus. Antioxidant evaluation was performed for P. acuminatus phenolic extract obtaining DPPH results with a remarkably low IC50 value of 0.15 μg/mL. Also, cytotoxicity on gastric AGS and colon SW20 adenocarcinoma cell lines was evaluated, and highly promising results were obtained, with IC50 values of 11.3 μg/mL and 10.5 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, selectivity index values obtained when comparing cytotoxicity on normal Vero cells was SI > 20 for both cancer cell lines, indicating a particularly high selectivity. Additionally, Justicidin B, a metabolite extensively studied for its antitumoral activity, was isolated from a non-polar extract of P. acuminatus, and comparatively evaluated for both bioactivities. The DPPH value obtained for Justicidin B was moderate (IC50 = 14.28 μg/mL), while cytotoxicity values for both AGS (IC50 = 19.5 μg/mL) and SW620 (IC50 = 24.8 μg/mL) cell lines, as well as selectivity when compared with normal Vero cells (SI = 5.4 and 4.2 respectively), was good, but lower than P. acuminatus extract. These preliminary results suggest that P. acuminatus enriched phenolic extract containing flavonoids, ellagitannins, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids, reported for the first time in this plant, could be of interest for further cancer cytotoxicity studies to elucidate structure–bioactivity relationships, and the molecular mechanisms and pathways.
Mirtha Navarro; Ileana Moreira; Elizabeth Arnaez; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Felipe Vargas; Diego Alvarado; Pei Chen. Flavonoids and Ellagitannins Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl. Plants 2017, 6, 62 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro, Ileana Moreira, Elizabeth Arnaez, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, Felipe Vargas, Diego Alvarado, Pei Chen. Flavonoids and Ellagitannins Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl. Plants. 2017; 6 (4):62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro; Ileana Moreira; Elizabeth Arnaez; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Felipe Vargas; Diego Alvarado; Pei Chen. 2017. "Flavonoids and Ellagitannins Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl." Plants 6, no. 4: 62.
The phenolic composition of aerial parts from Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd., species commonly used in Costa Rica as traditional medicines, was studied using UPLC-ESI-TQ-MS on enriched-phenolic extracts. Comparatively, higher values of total phenolic content (TPC), as measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, were observed for P. niruri extracts (328.8 gallic acid equivalents/g) than for S. reticulata (79.30 gallic acid equivalents/g) whereas P. alliaceae extract showed the lowest value (13.45 gallic acid equivalents/g). A total of 20 phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins were identified in the extracts, including hydroxybenzoic acids (benzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, prochatechuic, salicylic, syringic and vanillic acids); hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids); and flavan-3-ols monomers [(+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin)]. Regarding proanthocyanidin oligomers, five procyanidin dimers (B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5) and one trimer (T2) are reported for the first time in P. niruri, as well as two propelargonidin dimers in S. reticulata. Additionally, P. niruri showed the highest antioxidant DPPH and ORAC values (IC50 of 6.4 μg/mL and 6.5 mmol TE/g respectively), followed by S. reticulata (IC50 of 72.9 μg/mL and 2.68 mmol TE/g respectively) and P. alliaceae extract (IC50 >1000 μg/mL and 1.32 mmol TE/g respectively). Finally, cytotoxicity and selectivity on gastric AGS and colon SW20 adenocarcinoma cell lines were evaluated and the best values were also found for P. niruri (SI = 2.8), followed by S. reticulata (SI = 2.5). Therefore, these results suggest that extracts containing higher proanthocyanidin content also show higher bioactivities. Significant positive correlation was found between TPC and ORAC (R2 = 0.996) as well as between phenolic content as measured by UPLC-DAD and ORAC (R2 = 0.990). These findings show evidence for the first time of the diversity of phenolic acids in P. alliaceae and S. reticulata, and the presence of proanthocyanidins as minor components in latter species. Of particular relevance is the occurrence of proanthocyanidin oligomers in phenolic extracts from P. niruri and their potential bioactivity.
Mirtha Navarro; Ileana Moreira; Elizabeth Arnaez; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Diego Alvarado; Maria J. Monagas. Proanthocyanidin Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Medicine in Costa Rica: Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd. Plants 2017, 6, 50 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro, Ileana Moreira, Elizabeth Arnaez, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, Diego Alvarado, Maria J. Monagas. Proanthocyanidin Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Medicine in Costa Rica: Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd. Plants. 2017; 6 (4):50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro; Ileana Moreira; Elizabeth Arnaez; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Diego Alvarado; Maria J. Monagas. 2017. "Proanthocyanidin Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Medicine in Costa Rica: Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd." Plants 6, no. 4: 50.
In a previous study, the detailed low-molecular weight polyphenolic profile of the different plant parts (leaves, stem, bark and wood) of Uncaria tomentosa was reported, the leaves being the plant part with the highest phenolic content and presenting the most heterogenous proanthocyanidin composition. Further, cytotoxicity of leaves extracts in two cancer cell lines was also found to be higher than in the remaining parts of the plant. In the present study, fractioning of U. tomentosa leaves polyphenolic extracts was performed using Diaion® HP-20 resin and a detailed characterization and quantification of fractions (n = 5) was achieved using advanced analytical techniques such as Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Electrospray Ionization and Triple Quadrupole (TQD) Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/TQ-ESI-MS) and 13C-NMR. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and cytotoxicity on gastric adenocarcinoma AGS and colon adenocarcinoma SW20 cell lines were also determined in the different fractions. Results showed selective distribution of 32 non-flavonoid and flavonoid phenolics among the different fractions. ORAC varied between 3.2 and 11.8 μmol TE/mg in the different fractions, whereas IC50 of cytotoxicity on gastric adenocarcinoma AGS and colon adenocarcinoma SW20 cell lines best values were between 71.4 and 75.6 µg/mL. Fractions rich in proanthocyanidins also showed the highest bioactivity. In fact, significant positive correlation was found between total proanthocyanidins (TP) quantified by UPLC-DAD and ORAC (R2 = 0.970), whereas significant negative correlation was found between TP and cytotoxicity towards AGS (R2 = 0.820) and SW620 (R2 = 0.843) adenocarcinoma cell lines. Among proanthocyanidins, propelargonidin dimers were of particular interest, showing significant correlation with cytotoxic selectivity on both gastric AGS (R2 = 0.848) and colon SW620 (R2 = 0.883) adenocarcinoma cell lines. These results show further evidence of the bioactivity of U. tomentosa proanthocyanidin extracts and their potential health effects.
Mirtha Navarro; William Zamora; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Diego Alvarado; Maria Monagas. Fractioning of Proanthocyanidins of Uncaria tomentosa. Composition and Structure-Bioactivity Relationship. Antioxidants 2017, 6, 60 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro, William Zamora, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, Diego Alvarado, Maria Monagas. Fractioning of Proanthocyanidins of Uncaria tomentosa. Composition and Structure-Bioactivity Relationship. Antioxidants. 2017; 6 (3):60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro; William Zamora; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; Diego Alvarado; Maria Monagas. 2017. "Fractioning of Proanthocyanidins of Uncaria tomentosa. Composition and Structure-Bioactivity Relationship." Antioxidants 6, no. 3: 60.
Apart from alkaloids, bioactive properties of Uncaria tomentosa L. have been attributed to its phenolic constituents. Although there are some reports concerning low-molecular-weight polyphenols in U. tomentosa, its polymeric phenolic composition has been scarcely studied. In this study, phenolic-rich extracts from leaves, stems, bark and wood (n = 14) of Uncaria tomentosa plants from several regions of Costa Rica were obtained and analysed in respect to their proanthocyanidin profile determined by a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyser (ESI-QTOF MS). Main structural characteristics found for U. tomentosa proanthocyanidins were: (a) monomer composition, including pure procyanidins (only composed of (epi)catechin units) and propelargonidins (only composed of (epi)afzelechin units) as well as mixed proanthocyanidins; and (b) degree of polymerization, from 3 up to 11 units. In addition, U. tomentosa phenolic extracts were found to exhibit reasonable antioxidant capacity (ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) values between 1.5 and 18.8 mmol TE/g) and antimicrobial activity against potential respiratory pathogens (minimum IC50 of 133 µg/mL). There were also found to be particularly cytotoxic to gastric adenocarcinoma AGS and colon adenocarcinoma SW620 cell lines. The results state the particularities of U. tomentosa proanthocyanidins and suggest the potential value of these extracts with prospective use as functional ingredients.
Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Rosa Lebrón-Aguilar; Jesús Eduardo Quintanilla-López; Carolina Cueva; David Hevia; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas; María Monagas; Begoña Bartolomé. Proanthocyanidin Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Different Parts of Uncaria tomentosa L. (Cat’s Claw). Antioxidants 2017, 6, 12 .
AMA StyleMirtha Navarro-Hoyos, Rosa Lebrón-Aguilar, Jesús Eduardo Quintanilla-López, Carolina Cueva, David Hevia, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas, María Monagas, Begoña Bartolomé. Proanthocyanidin Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Different Parts of Uncaria tomentosa L. (Cat’s Claw). Antioxidants. 2017; 6 (1):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtha Navarro-Hoyos; Rosa Lebrón-Aguilar; Jesús Eduardo Quintanilla-López; Carolina Cueva; David Hevia; Silvia Quesada; Gabriela Azofeifa; M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas; María Monagas; Begoña Bartolomé. 2017. "Proanthocyanidin Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Different Parts of Uncaria tomentosa L. (Cat’s Claw)." Antioxidants 6, no. 1: 12.