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Conjugated polymers with ionic pendant groups (CPEs) are receiving increasing attention as solution-processed interfacial materials for organic solar cells (OSCs). Various anionic CPEs have been successfully used, on top of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrodes, as solution-processed anode interlayers (AILs) for conventional devices with direct geometry. However, the development of CPE AILs for OSC devices with inverted geometry is an important topic that still needs to be addressed. Here, we have designed three anionic CPEs bearing alkyl-potassium-sulfonate side chains. Their functional behavior as anode interlayers has been investigated in P3HT:PC61BM (poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester) devices with an inverted geometry, using a hole collecting silver electrode evaporated on top. Our results reveal that to obtain effective anode modification, the CPEs’ conjugated backbone has to be tailored to grant self-doping and to have a good energy-level match with the photoactive layer. Furthermore, the sulfonate moieties not only ensure the solubility in polar orthogonal solvents, induce self-doping via a right choice of the conjugated backbone, but also play a role in the gaining of hole selectivity of the top silver electrode.
Elisa Lassi; Benedetta Squeo; Roberto Sorrentino; Guido Scavia; Simona Mrakic-Sposta; Maristella Gussoni; Barbara Vercelli; Francesco Galeotti; Mariacecilia Pasini; Silvia Luzzati. Sulfonate-Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Anode Interfacial Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2021, 26, 763 .
AMA StyleElisa Lassi, Benedetta Squeo, Roberto Sorrentino, Guido Scavia, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Maristella Gussoni, Barbara Vercelli, Francesco Galeotti, Mariacecilia Pasini, Silvia Luzzati. Sulfonate-Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Anode Interfacial Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells. Molecules. 2021; 26 (3):763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Lassi; Benedetta Squeo; Roberto Sorrentino; Guido Scavia; Simona Mrakic-Sposta; Maristella Gussoni; Barbara Vercelli; Francesco Galeotti; Mariacecilia Pasini; Silvia Luzzati. 2021. "Sulfonate-Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Anode Interfacial Layers in Inverted Organic Solar Cells." Molecules 26, no. 3: 763.
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptors have the advantages of synthetic versatility, strong absorption ability, and high thermal stability. These characteristics result in impressive power conversion efficiency values, but to further push both the performance and the stability of PSCs, the insertion of appropriate interlayers in the device structure remains mandatory. Herein, a naphthalene diimide-based cathode interlayer (NDI-OH) is synthesized with a facile three-step reaction and used as a cathode interlayer for fullerene and non-fullerene PSCs. This cationic polyelectrolyte exhibited good solubility in alcohol solvents, transparency in the visible range, self-doping behavior, and good film forming ability. All these characteristics allowed the increase in the devices’ power conversion efficiencies (PCE) both for fullerene and non-fullerene-based PSCs. The successful results make NDI-OH a promising cathode interlayer to apply in PSCs.
Roberto Sorrentino; Marta Penconi; Anita Andicsová-Eckstein; Guido Scavia; Helena Švajdlenková; Erika Kozma; Silvia Luzzati. An N-type Naphthalene Diimide Ionene Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Organic Solar Cells. Energies 2021, 14, 454 .
AMA StyleRoberto Sorrentino, Marta Penconi, Anita Andicsová-Eckstein, Guido Scavia, Helena Švajdlenková, Erika Kozma, Silvia Luzzati. An N-type Naphthalene Diimide Ionene Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Organic Solar Cells. Energies. 2021; 14 (2):454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Sorrentino; Marta Penconi; Anita Andicsová-Eckstein; Guido Scavia; Helena Švajdlenková; Erika Kozma; Silvia Luzzati. 2021. "An N-type Naphthalene Diimide Ionene Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Organic Solar Cells." Energies 14, no. 2: 454.
Starch recovered from an agrifood waste, pea pods, was enzymatically modified and used to prepare cryogels applied as drug carriers. The enzymatic modification of starch was performed using the laccase/(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl TEMPO system, at a variable molar ratio. The characterization of the ensuing starches by solution NMR spectroscopy showed partial conversion of the primary hydroxyl groups versus aldehyde and carboxyl groups and successive creation of hemiacetal and ester bonds. Enzymatically modified starch after simple freezing and lyophilization process provided stable and compact cryogels with a morphology characterized by irregular pores, as determined by atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The application of cryogels as carriers of active molecules was successfully evaluated by following two different approaches of loading with drugs: a) as loaded sponge, by adsorption of drug from the liquid phase; and b) as dry-loaded cryogel, from a dehydration step added to loaded cryogel from route (a). The efficiency of the two routes was studied and compared by determining the drug release profile by proton NMR studies over time. Preliminary results demonstrated that cryogels from modified starch are good candidates to act as drug delivery systems due to their stability and prolonged residence times of loaded molecules, opening promising applications in biomedical and food packaging scenarios.
Antonella Caterina Boccia; Guido Scavia; Ilaria Schizzi; Lucia Conzatti. Biobased Cryogels from Enzymatically Oxidized Starch: Functionalized Materials as Carriers of Active Molecules. Molecules 2020, 25, 2557 .
AMA StyleAntonella Caterina Boccia, Guido Scavia, Ilaria Schizzi, Lucia Conzatti. Biobased Cryogels from Enzymatically Oxidized Starch: Functionalized Materials as Carriers of Active Molecules. Molecules. 2020; 25 (11):2557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonella Caterina Boccia; Guido Scavia; Ilaria Schizzi; Lucia Conzatti. 2020. "Biobased Cryogels from Enzymatically Oxidized Starch: Functionalized Materials as Carriers of Active Molecules." Molecules 25, no. 11: 2557.