The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Teucrium polium (TP). Rats were divided into four groups: group 1 controls received standard diet; group 2 inflamed by carrageenan (Carr) (1% Carr); group 3 as reference inflamed with Carr and treated with Indometacine (Ind) (150 mg/kg bw) and group 4 inflamed with Carr and pre0treated with TP (5 g/L). Oedema volume was measured 1 h to 5 h after injection. Administration of TP or Ind decreased the levels of hematology parameters relative to Carr and reduced the volume of rats induced by Carr. TP reduced levels of CRP, fibrinogen compared to treated, a decrease in oxidative stress (LP) and AOPP with an increase in the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and Vit C in skin and erythrocytes. Carr increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymatic and Vit C. Our results were confirmed by histological sections of skin.

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) is a widely used organophosphorus herbicide that inhibits the shikimate pathway, a crucial metabolic route responsible for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and certain microorganisms. Due to its broad-spectrum activity, glyphosate serves as the main active ingredient in various commercial herbicide formulations, including Roundup and Kalach 360 SL (KL). It poses a health hazard to animals and humans due to its persistence in soil, water erosion, and crops. The aim of our study was to continue the previous research to explore the impact of KL on bone using physico-chemical parameters and in silico studies after exposing female wistar rats for 60 days. The in silico study concerned the assessment of binding affinity and molecular interactions using computational modeling approach. The rats were allocated into three experimental groups: group 1 (n = 6) served as controls, while groups 2 and 3 received low and high doses (Dose 1: 126 mg/Kg and Dose 2: 315 mg/Kg) of KL dissolved in water, respectively. All rats were sacrificed after 60 days of exposure. XRD and FTIR spectrum analysis of bone tissues in female rats showed significant histoarchitectural changes associated with bone mineralization disruption. Our results have demonstrated that sub-chronic exposure of adult female rats to KL causes bone rarefaction, as confirmed by a previous histological study. This physico-chemical study has further confirmed the harmful impact of KL on the crystalline fraction of bone tissue, composed of hydroxyapatite crystals. In addition, the computational analyses showed that glyphosate binds to 3 Glu form of osteocalcin (3 Glu-OCN) (4MZZ) and decarboxylated osteocalcin (8I75) with good affinities and strong molecular interactions, which justified and supported the in vivo findings. In conclusion, KL may interfere with hydroxyapatite and osteocalcin and, therefore, impair bone remodeling and metabolism.

Purpose: Following reports of an adverse link between glyphosate and bone mineral density (BMD), this cross-sectional study extended the investigation between glyphosate exposure and BMD to include osteoporosis, and fractures, with a focus on the high risk, post-menopausal female subgroup. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 2,710 participants of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey aged 8–59 years from 2013 to 2018 were used to assess associations between urinary glyphosate concentration (µg/L) and BMD (g/cm ² ) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while osteoporosis and fractures were self-reported. Linear and logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, smoking status, and income. Results: There was a negative association between glyphosate and BMD in the entire population (Whole Body BMD slope = -0.018; 95% CI = -0.027, -0.010; p < 0.001; Lumbar Spine BMD slope = -0.019; 95% CI = -0.030, -0.007; p = 0.002). In the high-risk, post-menopausal female subgroup, there was an inverse relationship (Whole Body BMD slope = -0.044; 95% CI = -0.076, -0.012; p = 0.009; Lumbar Spine BMD slope = -0.048; 95% CI = -0.101, 0.004, p = 0.069). Additionally, post-menopausal females with higher glyphosate had greater odds of self-reported osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.24, 5.34; p = 0.011) and of self-reported fracture (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.28, 3.58, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Results are internally consistent and align with existing literature concerning toxicity of glyphosate on bone and extend it to include adverse impact on osteoporosis and fractures. Given the cross-sectional design and single point of sampling, longitudinal studies with repeated sampling are recommended to evaluate causation.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of three chronic stress exposure models (permanent elimination, forced swimming, and food and water deprivation) on bone oxidative stress, structure, and metabolism in vivo. Methods: Adult rats were exposed to different stress conditions, while control animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions. Bone morphological and histological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant defense system, and mineral concentrations were assessed. Results: Stress exposure resulted in significant reductions in body weight, femur weight, and femur length compared to controls. A marked increase in oxidative stress biomarkers was observed in bone tissue, including lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, protein carbonyls, and advanced oxidation protein products. In contrast, antioxidant defenses, including enzymatic activities and levels of glutathione, non-protein thiols, and vitamin C, was significantly decreased. Bone calcium and phosphorus levels were reduced, whereas their plasma concentrations were increased following stress exposure. Histological analysis confirmed the biochemical alterations, suggesting that chronic stress can disrupt bone integrity via oxidative mechanisms. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for strategies to control and reduce stress-related disorders to maintain skeletal health under various chronic stress conditions.