This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Bioaccumulation of cadmium was assessed in different tissues of the benthic fish Solea senegalensis. Juvenile Senegalese soles were simultaneously exposed to cadmium-contaminated diet (Hediste diversicolor) and water during 14 days and allowed to depurate for another 14 days. Cadmium content was measured in muscle, gills, liver and intestine, with recorded values increasing in these tissues in this same order. Muscle showed a considerably lower cadmium accumulation after 14 days of uptake. Cadmium kinetics in juvenile Senegalese soles revealed that the highest uptake flux of this metal occurred in the intestine. Cadmium depuration from the liver was not detected, which suggests the existence of a storage compartment for this metal in Solea senegalensis during uptake and depuration. Comparisons between maximum acceptable values for cadmium in the muscle, the Target Hazard Quotient and the Estimated Weekly Intake, indicated that acceptable limits were not exceeded, and the muscle of juvenile Senegalese soles could be considered safe for human consumption.
Maria Pavlaki; Rui Morgado; Violeta Ferreira; Rui Rocha; Amadeu Soares; Ricardo Calado; Susana Loureiro. Cadmium Accumulation and Kinetics in Solea senegalensis Tissues under Dietary and Water Exposure and the Link to Human Health. Water 2021, 13, 522 .
AMA StyleMaria Pavlaki, Rui Morgado, Violeta Ferreira, Rui Rocha, Amadeu Soares, Ricardo Calado, Susana Loureiro. Cadmium Accumulation and Kinetics in Solea senegalensis Tissues under Dietary and Water Exposure and the Link to Human Health. Water. 2021; 13 (4):522.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Pavlaki; Rui Morgado; Violeta Ferreira; Rui Rocha; Amadeu Soares; Ricardo Calado; Susana Loureiro. 2021. "Cadmium Accumulation and Kinetics in Solea senegalensis Tissues under Dietary and Water Exposure and the Link to Human Health." Water 13, no. 4: 522.
During the last few years, there has been an alarming increase in the amount of nickel (Ni) being released into the environment, primarily due to its use in the production of stainless steel but also from other sources such as batteries manufacturing and consequent disposal. The established biotic ligand models provide precise estimates for Ni bioavailability, in contrast, studies describing the mechanisms underpinning toxicological effect of Ni are scarce. This study exploits RNA-seq to determine the transcriptomic responses of isopods using Porcellionides pruinosus as an example of a terrestrial metal-resistant woodlouse. Furthermore, the recently proposed model for Ni adverse outcome pathways (Ni-AOP) presents an unprecedented opportunity to fit isopod responses to Ni toxicity and define Porcellionides pruinosus as a metalomic model. Prior to this study, P. pruinosus represented an important environmental sentinel, though lacking genetic/omic data. The reference transcriptome generated here thus represents a major advance and a novel resource. A detailed annotation of the transcripts obtained is presented together with the homology to genes/gene products from Metazoan and Arthropoda phylum, Gene Ontology (GO) classification, clusters of orthologous groups (COG) and assignment to KEGG metabolic pathways. The differential gene expression comparison was determined in response to nickel (Ni) exposure and used to derive the enriched pathways and processes. It revealed a significant impact on ion trafficking and storage, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, reproduction impairment, genetics and epigenetics. Many of the processes observed support the current Ni-AOP although the data highlights that the current model can be improved by including epigenetic endpoints, which represents key chronic risks under a scenario of Ni toxicity.
Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Luís Cunha; Marta Novo; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Andrew J. Morgan; Susana Loureiro; Peter Kille. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of nickel in woodlice. Environmental Research 2019, 176, 108507 .
AMA StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira, Rui Morgado, Luís Cunha, Marta Novo, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Andrew J. Morgan, Susana Loureiro, Peter Kille. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of nickel in woodlice. Environmental Research. 2019; 176 ():108507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Luís Cunha; Marta Novo; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Andrew J. Morgan; Susana Loureiro; Peter Kille. 2019. "Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of nickel in woodlice." Environmental Research 176, no. : 108507.
Benefits that biochar can bring to unirrigated vineyards are related mainly to soil chemistry, soil structure and water retention improvements. Little is still known about effects of biochar on soil biotic processes and organisms that mediate them. For a sustainable use of biochar in agriculture, alone or in combination with other soil amendments, there is a need for better understanding of soil-biochar-biota interactions, particularly in the long term. Here we applied an ecotoxicological monitoring programme to evaluate the effects of field plot-scale biochar and biochar-compost mixture into vineyard soil. Standard and well described laboratory bioassays were used, assessing the survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida and food consumption and biomass change of Porcellionides pruinosus. The present study examined the effects of biochar- and biochar-compost-enriched soil treatments in a commercial vineyard subjected to conventional pesticide management practices. We considered two sampling events, corresponding to: i) the time of initial application of fresh biochar and biochar-compost (T0); and ii) the 18 month-period after the application of the amendments (T18). Additionally, based on the time and rates of the pesticides application prior to the second sampling event, a theoretical exposure was estimated alongside with risk quotients. The risk quotients were elevated for certain active ingredients in the mixture (cyprodinil, propiconazole, copper oxychloride and copper sulfate). This corroborates the overall decrease in organisms' performance observed after they were exposed to the field-aged samples. The ecotoxicological response to the tested biochar and biochar-compost enriched soil was species-specific, time-dependent, and to some extent, treatment-dependent. The most sensitive endpoint obtained in the study was the reproduction output of F. candida. While freshly amended soil did not induce substantial changes on organisms' performance, the measured endpoints were significantly lower when the organisms were exposed to the treatments from the second sampling event which was subjected to various climatic factors and conventional pesticides. Regarding food consumption of P. pruinosus, and number of F. candida juveniles the effects were more pronounced in 40 t ha−1 biochar and biochar-compost amended treatments than in 4 t ha−1 treatment. Results of the study show that bioavailability of potentially toxic elements might not be prevented over time by the presence of biochar and biochar-compost in commercial vineyards that receive conventional plant protection products.
M. Prodana; A.C. Bastos; A. Amaro; Diogo Cardoso; Rui Morgado; A.L. Machado; Frank Verheijen; Jan Jacob Keizer; Susana Loureiro. Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended soil under viticulture: Looking at exposure and effects. Applied Soil Ecology 2019, 137, 120 -128.
AMA StyleM. Prodana, A.C. Bastos, A. Amaro, Diogo Cardoso, Rui Morgado, A.L. Machado, Frank Verheijen, Jan Jacob Keizer, Susana Loureiro. Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended soil under viticulture: Looking at exposure and effects. Applied Soil Ecology. 2019; 137 ():120-128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Prodana; A.C. Bastos; A. Amaro; Diogo Cardoso; Rui Morgado; A.L. Machado; Frank Verheijen; Jan Jacob Keizer; Susana Loureiro. 2019. "Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended soil under viticulture: Looking at exposure and effects." Applied Soil Ecology 137, no. : 120-128.
Anthropogenic activities such as the use of pesticides may affect in some way aquatic biota populations, due to potential agricultural runoffs or disposals. Carbendazim is one example of a widely used fungicide with a high potential to end up in aquatic ecosystems through runoff. Deleterious effects observed at the individual level are possibly explained by changes in homeostasis at cellular and both can then be used to predict effects at the population level. In the present study, an isoclonal population of Daphnia magna (clone k6) was exposed to concentration that mimics relevant levels of carbendazim in the environment during twelve generations. The effects of carbendazim on biochemical biomarkers (cholinesterase, catalase and glutathione S‐transferase), lipid peroxidation and energy‐related parameters (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins jointly with energy available and energy consumption), parental longevity, and population growth (r) were assessed in some generations. The long‐term exposure to carbendazim presented no effect on the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) of adult D. magna However, daphnids longevity decreased at the F12 when compared to daphnids from control. Cholinesterases, glutathione S‐transferase and lipid peroxidation showed differences between the exposed and non‐exposed populations. However, for catalase and energy related‐parameters no differences were observed between these two populations. Natural variability was observed throughout the test period, under control conditions, within the twelve generations. Overall, carbendazim induced some effects at the subcellular level that were translated to longevity, but latter vanishing in terms of population effects.
Ana Rita Silva; Cátia Santos; Nuno Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Diogo Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna : From a subcellular to a population level. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 38, 412 -422.
AMA StyleAna Rita Silva, Cátia Santos, Nuno Ferreira, Rui Morgado, Diogo Cardoso, Andreia Cruz, Sonia Mendo, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna : From a subcellular to a population level. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 38 (2):412-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Rita Silva; Cátia Santos; Nuno Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Diogo Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2018. "Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna : From a subcellular to a population level." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 38, no. 2: 412-422.
The present study assessed cadmium uptake and depuration rates in the euryhaline estuarine shrimp Palaemon varians under different exposure routes. Postlarval shrimp were exposed for four days under different exposure routes; through contaminated water, contaminated diet and a two-way exposure scenario where both contaminated water + diet were used. After exposure, postlarval shrimp were transferred to a clean medium and fed a non-contaminated diet for 96 h. Bioaccumulation via the different exposure routes was modeled with a standard first-order one-compartment toxicokinetics model and one with an additional parameter reflecting an inert fraction or storage compartment. The simultaneous two-way exposure (through water and diet) resulted in accumulation being almost twice as high as the sum of the individual exposure routes, thus indicating that accumulation from multiple routes may be more than additive. Cadmium uptake from water was faster than uptake from food maintained for 48 h at that same cadmium concentration. Shrimp were unable to eliminate cadmium from their body, showing no depuration during 96 h after exposure via different routes, thus suggesting that a longer depuration period is needed. Model comparisons did not provide a significantly better fit when the model included the presence of an inert fraction. The present study highlights the importance of assessing accumulation using multiple exposure routes compared to individual ones, as the latter may underestimate bioaccumulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Maria D. Pavlaki; Rui G. Morgado; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Ricardo Calado; Susana Loureiro. Toxicokinetics of cadmium in Palaemon varians postlarvae under waterborne and/or dietary exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 37, 1614 -1622.
AMA StyleMaria D. Pavlaki, Rui G. Morgado, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Ricardo Calado, Susana Loureiro. Toxicokinetics of cadmium in Palaemon varians postlarvae under waterborne and/or dietary exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 37 (6):1614-1622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria D. Pavlaki; Rui G. Morgado; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Ricardo Calado; Susana Loureiro. 2018. "Toxicokinetics of cadmium in Palaemon varians postlarvae under waterborne and/or dietary exposure." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37, no. 6: 1614-1622.
The exposure to pesticides by non-target soil biota has long been regarded as a serious downside of modern agriculture regimes and subject of heated debate. Of utmost relevance is the exposure to pesticide mixtures since their effects have shown not to necessarily reflect the individual toxicity of its components and even the simple addition of effects may lead to consequences not clearly anticipated. In this work, a multiple biomarker approach was employed to identify the mechanistic and time-effects underlying several single and mixture treatments of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb in juveniles and adults of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. The effects of both pesticides and mixture at recommended doses were mostly transitory under these controlled conditions and one-pulse exposure. While imbalances were identified on detoxification and oxidative stress-related enzymes, isopods generally showed the ability to recover until the end of the experiment. Juveniles showed, however, higher vulnerability than adults. The most notorious differences between life stages occurred in energy-related parameters where distinct performances and stress-handling behaviours were observed, suggesting higher metabolic costs in juveniles. Our results stress that understanding the time-dependence of the underlying mechanisms governing the joint-effects of pesticides can help assessing and anticipating mixtures' effects. Moreover, it is also emphasized the importance taking life stage-related differences in consideration when evaluating the environmental risks of pesticides and pesticide mixtures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Rui G. Morgado; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Patrícia V. Silva; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Joint effects of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus : A multiple biomarker approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 37, 1446 -1457.
AMA StyleRui G. Morgado, Nuno Ferreira, Diogo Cardoso, Patrícia V. Silva, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Joint effects of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus : A multiple biomarker approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 37 (5):1446-1457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui G. Morgado; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Patrícia V. Silva; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2018. "Joint effects of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus : A multiple biomarker approach." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37, no. 5: 1446-1457.
Rui Morgado; Susana Loureiro; María Nazaret González-Alcaraz. Changes in Soil Ecosystem Structure and Functions Due to Soil Contamination. Soil Pollution 2018, 59 -87.
AMA StyleRui Morgado, Susana Loureiro, María Nazaret González-Alcaraz. Changes in Soil Ecosystem Structure and Functions Due to Soil Contamination. Soil Pollution. 2018; ():59-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Morgado; Susana Loureiro; María Nazaret González-Alcaraz. 2018. "Changes in Soil Ecosystem Structure and Functions Due to Soil Contamination." Soil Pollution , no. : 59-87.
MMarine and estuarine ecosystems are highly productive areas that often act as a final sink for several pollutants, such as cadmium. Environmental conditions in these habitats can affect metal speciation, as well as its uptake and depuration by living organisms. The aim of this study was to assess cadmium uptake and depuration rates in the euryhaline calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa under different pH, salinity and temperature conditions. Cadmium speciation did not vary with changing pH or temperature, but varied with salinity. Free Cd ion activity increased with decreasing salinities resulting in increased cadmium concentrations in A. tonsa. However, uptake rate, derived using free Cd ion activity, showed no significant differences at different salinities indicating a simultaneous combined effect of Cd speciation and metabolic rates for osmoregulation. Cadmium concentration in A. tonsa and uptake rate increased with increasing pH, showing a peak at the intermediate pH of 7.5, while depuration rate fluctuated, thus suggesting that both parameters are mediated by metabolic processes (to maintain homeostasis at pH levels lower than normal) and ion competition at membrane binding sites. Cadmium concentration in A. tonsa, uptake and depuration rates increased with increasing temperature, a trend that can be attributed to an increase in metabolic energy demand at higher temperatures. The present study shows that cadmium uptake and depuration rates in the marine copepod A. tonsa is mostly affected by biological processes, mainly driven by metabolic mechanisms, and to a lesser extent by metal speciation in the exposure medium.
Maria D. Pavlaki; Rui G. Morgado; Cornelis A.M. van Gestel; Ricardo Calado; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Influence of environmental conditions on the toxicokinetics of cadmium in the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2017, 145, 142 -149.
AMA StyleMaria D. Pavlaki, Rui G. Morgado, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel, Ricardo Calado, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Influence of environmental conditions on the toxicokinetics of cadmium in the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017; 145 ():142-149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria D. Pavlaki; Rui G. Morgado; Cornelis A.M. van Gestel; Ricardo Calado; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2017. "Influence of environmental conditions on the toxicokinetics of cadmium in the marine copepod Acartia tonsa." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 145, no. : 142-149.
Terrestrial isopods from the species Porcellionides pruinosus were exposed to different ranges of temperature, soil moisture content and doses of UV radiation. For the temperature and soil moisture content experiments, organisms were sampled after 48 h, 96 h and 14 days of exposure, whereas in the UV experiment, they were sampled at the end of the exposure periods, that consisted on a single-pulse with duration ranging from 30 min to 8 h. For each sampling time the acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S transferases, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were determined, as well as lipid peroxidation rate. Energy content (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins) and other energy related parameters: energy available, energy consumption and cellular energy allocation were also determined, along with mortality. The results obtained showed that increases in temperature will affect life traits and specific strategies for isopods to manage their energy budget, in order to handle oxidative stress. It also showed that this species is acclimated to lower moisture scenarios, whereas in case of flood scenarios the turnover point between optimal conditions and mortality is very narrow, which may lead to the local extinction of populations in specific micro-habitats. This study also showed that UV radiation also poses an important stressor for isopods that should be taken in consideration, as the actual doses nowadays present significant negative impact on these organisms. The study also emphasises that the effects of abiotic factors should be included and taken into consideration by policymakers and that the inclusion of abiotic effects in ecotoxicological tests should be included in the analysis of any stressor to improve chemical risk assessment.
Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui G. Morgado; António Amaro; Ana Luísa Machado; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. The effects of temperature, soil moisture and UV radiation on biomarkers and energy reserves of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Applied Soil Ecology 2016, 107, 224 -236.
AMA StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira, Rui G. Morgado, António Amaro, Ana Luísa Machado, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. The effects of temperature, soil moisture and UV radiation on biomarkers and energy reserves of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Applied Soil Ecology. 2016; 107 ():224-236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui G. Morgado; António Amaro; Ana Luísa Machado; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2016. "The effects of temperature, soil moisture and UV radiation on biomarkers and energy reserves of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus." Applied Soil Ecology 107, no. : 224-236.
A main source of uncertainty currently associated with environmental risk assessment of chemicals is the poor understanding of the influence of environmental factors on the toxicity of xenobiotics. Aiming to reduce this uncertainty, here we evaluate the joint-effects of two pesticides (chlorpyrifos and mancozeb) on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus under different soil moisture regimes. A full factorial design, including three treatments of each pesticide and an untreated control, were performed under different soil moisture regimes: 25%, 50%, and 75% WHC. Our results showed that soil moisture had no effects on isopods survival, at the levels assessed in this experiment, neither regarding single pesticides nor mixture treatments. Additivity was always the most parsimonious result when both pesticides were present. Oppositely, both feeding activity and biomass change showed a higher sensitivity to soil moisture, with isopods generally showing worse performance when exposed to pesticides and dry or moist conditions. Most of the significant differences between soil moisture regimes were found in single pesticide treatments, yet different responses to mixtures could still be distinguished depending on the soil moisture assessed. This study shows that while soil moisture has the potential to influence the effects of the pesticide mixture itself, such effects might become less important in a context of complex combinations of stressors, as the major contribution comes from its individual interaction with each pesticide. Finally, the implications of our results are discussed in light of the current state of environmental risk assessment procedures and some future perspectives are advanced.
Rui G. Morgado; Pedro A.D. Gomes; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Toxicity interaction between chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and soil moisture to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Chemosphere 2016, 144, 1845 -1853.
AMA StyleRui G. Morgado, Pedro A.D. Gomes, Nuno Ferreira, Diogo Cardoso, Miguel J.G. Santos, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Toxicity interaction between chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and soil moisture to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Chemosphere. 2016; 144 ():1845-1853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui G. Morgado; Pedro A.D. Gomes; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2016. "Toxicity interaction between chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and soil moisture to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus." Chemosphere 144, no. : 1845-1853.
This work aimed at characterizing the metabolome of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus and at assessing its variations over 14 days under laboratory culture conditions and upon exposure to the contaminant metal Nickel (Ni). The spectral profiles obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy were thoroughly assigned and subjected to multivariate analysis in order to highlight consistent changes. Over 50 metabolites could be identified, providing considerable new knowledge on the metabolome of these model organisms. Several metabolites changed non-linearly with Ni dose and exposure time, showing distinct variation patterns for initial (4 days) and later time points (7 and 14 days). In particular, at day 4, several amino acids were increased and sugars were decreased (compared to controls), whereas these variations were inverted for longer exposure, possibly reflecting earlier and more intensive moulting. Other variations, namely in betaines and choline-containing compounds, were suggested to relate with osmoregulation and detoxification mechanisms. Ni also had a marked effect on several nucleotides (increased upon exposure) and a moderate impact on lipids (decreased upon exposure). Overall, this study has provided new information on the Ni-induced metabolic adaptations of the P. pruinosus isopod, paving the way for improved mechanistic understanding of how these model organisms handle soil contamination. This study provided, for the first time to our knowledge, a detailed picture of the NMR-detectable metabolome of terrestrial isopods and of its fluctuations in time and upon exposure to the contaminant metal Nickel. Several time- and dose-dependent changes were highlighted, providing mechanistic insight into how these important model organisms handle Ni contamination.
Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Raquel Saborano; Rui Morgado; Diogo N. Cardoso; Claudia Rocha; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro; Iola F. Duarte. Metabolic responses of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel exposure assessed by 1H NMR metabolomics. Journal of Proteomics 2015, 137, 59 -67.
AMA StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira, Raquel Saborano, Rui Morgado, Diogo N. Cardoso, Claudia Rocha, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro, Iola F. Duarte. Metabolic responses of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel exposure assessed by 1H NMR metabolomics. Journal of Proteomics. 2015; 137 ():59-67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira; Raquel Saborano; Rui Morgado; Diogo N. Cardoso; Claudia Rocha; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro; Iola F. Duarte. 2015. "Metabolic responses of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel exposure assessed by 1H NMR metabolomics." Journal of Proteomics 137, no. : 59-67.
Abiotic factors constitute one of the most important drivers shaping soil ecosystems. Although being a strongly buffered environment, soil heterogeneous nature combined with the limited mobility of its organisms can make them highly sensitive to unfavourable conditions. A thorough knowledge of these relationships is thus a critical starting point to understand the challenges posed to edaphic organisms in a context of global environmental changes and the implications arising therefrom. In this study we evaluated the influence of temperature, soil moisture and UV radiation on the performance of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus using several endpoints: survival, locomotor activity, feeding parameters and avoidance behaviour. At the range assessed, temperature did not affect isopods’ survival but showed marked effects on sublethal endpoints. Both feeding parameters and locomotor activity showed a right-shifted response with gradual temperature-induced optimisation in isopods’ performance until reaching an optimum temperature and abruptly declining thereafter. On the contrary, soil moisture was found to significantly affect isopods’ survival but the effects on the feeding parameters were not clear. Although exhibiting a clear preference for intermediate soil moistures, isopods were particularly sensitive to drier environments since higher percentages of avoidance were found. UV radiation affected survival, body weight and locomotor performance. Abiotic factors affect soil organisms at relevant conditions and must therefore be considered while developing tools for edaphic ecosystems’ protection such as ecotoxicological testing and further environmental risk assessment.
Rui Morgado; Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Diogo N. Cardoso; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Abiotic factors affect the performance of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Applied Soil Ecology 2015, 95, 161 -170.
AMA StyleRui Morgado, Nuno G.C. Ferreira, Diogo N. Cardoso, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Abiotic factors affect the performance of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Applied Soil Ecology. 2015; 95 ():161-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Morgado; Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Diogo N. Cardoso; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2015. "Abiotic factors affect the performance of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus." Applied Soil Ecology 95, no. : 161-170.
Terrestrial isopods from the species Porcellionides pruinosus were exposed to the maximum allowed nickel concentration in the Canadian framework guideline (50 mg Ni/kg soil) and to 5× this concentration (250 mg Ni/kg soil). The exposure lasted for 28 days and was followed by a recovery period of 14 days where organisms were changed to clean soil. Organisms were sampled after 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days of exposure, and at days 35 and 42 during the recovery period. For each sampling time the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined as well as lipid peroxidation rate (LPO) along with lipids, carbohydrates, proteins content, energy available (Ea), energy consumption (Ec) and cellular energy allocation (CEA). The integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated for each sampling time as well as for each one of the above parameters. In addition, mortality was also recorded throughout the assay. The results obtained showed that nickel induced oxidative stress, evidenced by results on GST, GPx, CAT or LPO, but also on changes in the energy reserves content of these organisms. In addition, this study showed that these organisms possess a specific strategy to handle nickel toxicity. In this case, biomarkers were associated with costs in the energy budget, and the increase of energy reserves has a compensation for that cost.
Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Diogo N. Cardoso; Rui Morgado; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Long-term exposure of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel: Costs in the energy budget and detoxification enzymes. Chemosphere 2015, 135, 354 -362.
AMA StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira, Diogo N. Cardoso, Rui Morgado, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Long-term exposure of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel: Costs in the energy budget and detoxification enzymes. Chemosphere. 2015; 135 ():354-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira; Diogo N. Cardoso; Rui Morgado; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2015. "Long-term exposure of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel: Costs in the energy budget and detoxification enzymes." Chemosphere 135, no. : 354-362.
Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Corrigendum to “Biomarkers and energy reserves in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus: The effects of long-term exposure to dimethoate” [Science of the Total Environment 502 (2015) 91–102]. Science of The Total Environment 2015, 511, 829 .
AMA StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira, Rui Morgado, Miguel J.G. Santos, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Corrigendum to “Biomarkers and energy reserves in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus: The effects of long-term exposure to dimethoate” [Science of the Total Environment 502 (2015) 91–102]. Science of The Total Environment. 2015; 511 ():829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2015. "Corrigendum to “Biomarkers and energy reserves in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus: The effects of long-term exposure to dimethoate” [Science of the Total Environment 502 (2015) 91–102]." Science of The Total Environment 511, no. : 829.
Paula Alvarenga; Christian P. Andersen; Naser A. Anjum; Ariadne Argyraki; Aurora Armienta; Luke Beesley; Anabela Cachada; Carla Candeias; Geert Cornelis; Eduardo Ferreira Da Silva; Amarilis De Varennes; Maria Díez-Ortiz; Marcelo R. Dos Reis; Armando C. Duarte; Regina M.B.O. Duarte; Nuno Durães; David Fangueiro; Maria N. González-Alcaraz; Petra S. Kidd; Susana Loureiro; James Markwiese; João T.V. Matos; Kassio F. Mendes; Rui G. Morgado; Julia Niemeyer; Luís A.B. Novo; Carla Patinha; Eduarda Pereira; Ruth Pereira; Vicenç Pomar-Portillo; Teresa Rocha-Santos; Sónia M. Rodrigues; Paul F.A.M. Römkens; Nicola Senesi; José Paulo Sousa; Claus Svendsen; Valdemar L. Tornisielo; Paula S. Tourinho; Nico W. Van Den Brink; Cornelis A.M. Van Gestel; Socorro Vázquez-Campos. List of Contributors. Soil Pollution 2015, 1 .
AMA StylePaula Alvarenga, Christian P. Andersen, Naser A. Anjum, Ariadne Argyraki, Aurora Armienta, Luke Beesley, Anabela Cachada, Carla Candeias, Geert Cornelis, Eduardo Ferreira Da Silva, Amarilis De Varennes, Maria Díez-Ortiz, Marcelo R. Dos Reis, Armando C. Duarte, Regina M.B.O. Duarte, Nuno Durães, David Fangueiro, Maria N. González-Alcaraz, Petra S. Kidd, Susana Loureiro, James Markwiese, João T.V. Matos, Kassio F. Mendes, Rui G. Morgado, Julia Niemeyer, Luís A.B. Novo, Carla Patinha, Eduarda Pereira, Ruth Pereira, Vicenç Pomar-Portillo, Teresa Rocha-Santos, Sónia M. Rodrigues, Paul F.A.M. Römkens, Nicola Senesi, José Paulo Sousa, Claus Svendsen, Valdemar L. Tornisielo, Paula S. Tourinho, Nico W. Van Den Brink, Cornelis A.M. Van Gestel, Socorro Vázquez-Campos. List of Contributors. Soil Pollution. 2015; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Alvarenga; Christian P. Andersen; Naser A. Anjum; Ariadne Argyraki; Aurora Armienta; Luke Beesley; Anabela Cachada; Carla Candeias; Geert Cornelis; Eduardo Ferreira Da Silva; Amarilis De Varennes; Maria Díez-Ortiz; Marcelo R. Dos Reis; Armando C. Duarte; Regina M.B.O. Duarte; Nuno Durães; David Fangueiro; Maria N. González-Alcaraz; Petra S. Kidd; Susana Loureiro; James Markwiese; João T.V. Matos; Kassio F. Mendes; Rui G. Morgado; Julia Niemeyer; Luís A.B. Novo; Carla Patinha; Eduarda Pereira; Ruth Pereira; Vicenç Pomar-Portillo; Teresa Rocha-Santos; Sónia M. Rodrigues; Paul F.A.M. Römkens; Nicola Senesi; José Paulo Sousa; Claus Svendsen; Valdemar L. Tornisielo; Paula S. Tourinho; Nico W. Van Den Brink; Cornelis A.M. Van Gestel; Socorro Vázquez-Campos. 2015. "List of Contributors." Soil Pollution , no. : 1.
Terrestrial isopods from the species Porcellionides pruinosus were exposed to the recommended field dose application (0.4 mg/kg soil) and a sublethal concentration (10 mg/kg soil) of dimethoate at two temperatures that can be generally found in several countries (20 °C and 25 °C) and are commonly used as reference temperatures. The organisms were exposed for 28 days and sampled at the following time points: 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days; organisms were then changed to clean soil for a recovery period of 14 days during which organisms were sampled on day 35 and 42. For each sampling time, the enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined as well as the following: total lipid, carbohydrate and protein content; energy available (Ea); energy consumption (Ec); cellular energy allocation (CEA) and lipid peroxidation rate (LPO). The integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated for each sampling time and for each of the above parameters. Mortality was also recorded during the study. The results obtained showed that dimethoate causes toxicity by several mechanisms. This study found evidence for the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which has been previously reported, and also evidence of oxidative stress, which altered the levels of GST, CAT or LPO. In addition, the study showed that the two concentrations used of dimethoate caused the activation of different general detoxification mechanisms, and also that the same concentration at different temperatures induced different toxicity responses.
Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu Soares; Susana Loureiro. Biomarkers and energy reserves in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus: The effects of long-term exposure to dimethoate. Science of The Total Environment 2014, 502, 91 -102.
AMA StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira, Rui Morgado, Miguel J.G. Santos, Amadeu Soares, Susana Loureiro. Biomarkers and energy reserves in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus: The effects of long-term exposure to dimethoate. Science of The Total Environment. 2014; 502 ():91-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2014. "Biomarkers and energy reserves in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus: The effects of long-term exposure to dimethoate." Science of The Total Environment 502, no. : 91-102.
Global environmental changes are nowadays one of the most important issues affecting terrestrial ecosystems. One of its most significant expressions is the increasing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) arising from the human-induced depletion in ozone layer. Therefore, to investigate the effects of UVR on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus a multiple biomarker approach was carried out. Two experiments were performed in order to analyze the importance of the exposure environment and the growth stage on the UV-induced damages. First, adult individuals were exposed to UVR in three exposure environments (soil, soil with leaves, and plaster). Thereafter, three growth stages using soil as the exposure condition were tested. Integrated biomarker responses (IBR) suggested that UV effects were higher in plaster, and mostly identified by changes in acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferases activities, lipid peroxidation rates, and total energy available. The effects in soil and soil with leaves were not so clear. In the growth stages’ experiment, juveniles and pre-adults were found to be more affected than adults, with the greatest differences between irradiated and non-irradiated isopods occurring in energy-related parameters. Our findings suggest that soil surface-living macrofauna may be prone to deleterious effects caused by UVR, highlighting the importance of taking the media of exposure and growth stage in account.
Rui Morgado; Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Paula Tourinho; Fabianne Ribeiro; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Environmental- and growth stage-related differences in the susceptibility of terrestrial isopods to UV radiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2013, 126, 60 -71.
AMA StyleRui Morgado, Nuno G.C. Ferreira, Paula Tourinho, Fabianne Ribeiro, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Environmental- and growth stage-related differences in the susceptibility of terrestrial isopods to UV radiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 2013; 126 ():60-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Morgado; Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Paula Tourinho; Fabianne Ribeiro; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2013. "Environmental- and growth stage-related differences in the susceptibility of terrestrial isopods to UV radiation." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 126, no. : 60-71.
In the present work a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem (STEM) containing a soil collected from an agricultural field in Central Portugal was used to evaluate the effects of the combination of the herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide dimethoate. Earthworms (Eisenia andrei), isopods (Porcellionides pruinosus), turnip seeds (Brassica rapa), and bait-lamina strips were placed in the STEM. The results showed that the application of the recommended field dose of both pesticides did not cause any effect on the weight variation of earthworms and growth of the plants. The application of the herbicide, even at 5 and 10 times the field dose, increased feeding activity in soil (bait-lamina test), although the application of dimethoate led to a decrease in feeding activity in all concentrations tested. The binary mixtures performed showed that according to the Independent Action model, synergism (higher effect than expected from the single exposures) was observed in both the shoot length and fresh weight of B. rapa at 5 times the field dose, but antagonism was observed at 10 times the field dose. Regarding the germination success, synergism was observed at the field dose, but antagonism was detected at 5 times and 10 times the field dose. There was a decrease on the earthworm's weight in all concentrations tested, although no statistical differences were observed in any of the treatments made. Regarding depth distribution of E. andrei, worms were found in the upper layer more than it was predicted for all concentrations. In the mixtures with the field and 5 times the field dose there was a decrease in the feeding activity (bait-lamina consumption) by the soil fauna. From the four biomarkers assessed on the isopods (Catalase, Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, and Lipid peroxidation), only a significant decrease in the Acetylcholinesterase activity upon dimethoate and the binary mixtures exposures performed with the field dose was observed and on Lipid peroxidation at the field doses of single and binary exposures.
Miguel J.G. Santos; Rui Morgado; Nuno Gonçalo C. Ferreira; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2011, 74, 1994 -2001.
AMA StyleMiguel J.G. Santos, Rui Morgado, Nuno Gonçalo C. Ferreira, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2011; 74 (7):1994-2001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel J.G. Santos; Rui Morgado; Nuno Gonçalo C. Ferreira; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2011. "Evaluation of the joint effect of glyphosate and dimethoate using a small-scale terrestrial ecosystem." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74, no. 7: 1994-2001.