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The growth of industrialization has led to an increase in the production of highly contaminated wastewater. Industrial wastewater contains highly complex compounds varying in characteristics and required to be treated before its discharge into a water medium from various industries. However, the efficiency of the treated wastewater from the toxicity reduction perspective is unclear. In order to overcome this barrier, toxicity assessment of the industrial wastewater before and after treatment is crucial. Thus, in this study, a scientometric analysis has been performed on the toxicity assessment of industrial wastewater and sludges, which have been reported in the literature. Web of Science (WoS) core collection database has been considered the main database to execute this analysis. Via the search of pre-researched keywords, a total number of 1038 documents were collected, which have been published from 1951 to 2020. Via CiteSpace software and WoS analyser, these documents went under analysis regarding some of the scientometry criteria, and the detailed results obtained are provided in this study. The total number of published documents on this topic is relatively low during such a long period of time. In conclusion, the need for more detailed contributions among the scientific and industrial communities has been felt.
Amid Mostafaie; Diogo Cardoso; Mohammadreza Kamali; Susana Loureiro. A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity. Toxics 2021, 9, 176 .
AMA StyleAmid Mostafaie, Diogo Cardoso, Mohammadreza Kamali, Susana Loureiro. A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity. Toxics. 2021; 9 (8):176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmid Mostafaie; Diogo Cardoso; Mohammadreza Kamali; Susana Loureiro. 2021. "A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity." Toxics 9, no. 8: 176.
In realistic environmental scenarios, soil organisms can be exposed to a combination of pharmaceuticals and agriproducts or within different time frames. Therefore, it is necessary to increase knowledge on soil organism susceptibility under a complex mixture exposure scenario. The present study aimed to assess the susceptibility of the collembolan Folsomia candida to copper and dimethoate, upon a pre‐exposure for three generations to human pharmaceuticals (fluoxetine and carbamazepine). Carryover effects on reproductive output and survival were observed after a multigenerational pre‐exposure to carbamazepine or fluoxetine, considerably increasing the sensitivity of collembolans to both copper and dimethoate. This was more evident for collembolans pre‐exposed to the highest concentrations of both pharmaceuticals (40 mg/kg soil), as demonstrated by a significant reduction in the number of juveniles and increased mortality. In addition, pre‐exposure to carbamazepine and fluoxetine induced varying effects on subsequent exposure to the same chemical. While pre‐exposure to carbamazepine led to a decrease in collembolan reproduction, even when transferred to a clean medium, fluoxetine induced severe effects, but only when collembolans were exposed to other contaminants (i.e., not when transferred to clean soil). This study highlighted the need to consider carryover effects and possible interactions between pharmaceuticals and other contaminants under simultaneous exposure.
Diogo N. Cardoso; Miguel Oliveira; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Susceptibility of Folsomia candida to Agrochemicals after Multigenerational Exposure to Human Pharmaceuticals. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDiogo N. Cardoso, Miguel Oliveira, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Susceptibility of Folsomia candida to Agrochemicals after Multigenerational Exposure to Human Pharmaceuticals. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiogo N. Cardoso; Miguel Oliveira; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2021. "Susceptibility of Folsomia candida to Agrochemicals after Multigenerational Exposure to Human Pharmaceuticals." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , no. : 1.
Soil contamination is a worldwide problem urging for mitigation. Biochar is a carbonaceous material used as soil amendment that can immobilize chemical compounds, potentially turning them unavailable for soil biota. The aim of our study was to evaluate biochar’s capacity to immobilize dimethoate in soil and, therefore, decreasing the toxicity to soil organisms. Two biochar application rates (2.5% and 5% w/w) were chosen to assess dimethoate potential immobilization, looking at changes in its toxicity to the collembolan Folsomia candida and the plant Brassica rapa upon soil amendment. Complementarily, chemical analyses were performed on soil pore water. Results showed that biochar may sorb and decrease dimethoate concentrations in soil pore water, influencing dimethoate bioavailability and consequent toxicity. Contrary to dimethoate solo impact on collembolans (LC50 0.69 mg kg−1, EC50 0.46 mg kg−1), their survival rate and offspring production were not affected by dimethoate when biochar was applied, regardless of application rate (LC50 and EC50 > 1.6 mg kg−1). Shoot length, fresh and dry weights of B. rapa were less affected by dimethoate upon biochar addition (EC50 values increase for all endpoints). Our study shows that biochar may contribute to decrease dimethoate bioavailability and toxicity to soil porewater exposed organisms.
Catarina Malheiro; Diogo Cardoso; Joana Neves; Diana Lima; Valdemar Esteves; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Biochar in soil mitigates dimethoate hazard to soil pore water exposed biota. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 400, 123304 .
AMA StyleCatarina Malheiro, Diogo Cardoso, Joana Neves, Diana Lima, Valdemar Esteves, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Biochar in soil mitigates dimethoate hazard to soil pore water exposed biota. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 400 ():123304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatarina Malheiro; Diogo Cardoso; Joana Neves; Diana Lima; Valdemar Esteves; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2020. "Biochar in soil mitigates dimethoate hazard to soil pore water exposed biota." Journal of Hazardous Materials 400, no. : 123304.
M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz; Catarina Malheiro; Diogo N. Cardoso; Marija Prodana; Rui G. Morgado; Cornelis A. M. van Gestel; Susana Loureiro. Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Terrestrial Invertebrates. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2020, 149 -189.
AMA StyleM. Nazaret González-Alcaraz, Catarina Malheiro, Diogo N. Cardoso, Marija Prodana, Rui G. Morgado, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, Susana Loureiro. Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Terrestrial Invertebrates. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2020; ():149-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Nazaret González-Alcaraz; Catarina Malheiro; Diogo N. Cardoso; Marija Prodana; Rui G. Morgado; Cornelis A. M. van Gestel; Susana Loureiro. 2020. "Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Terrestrial Invertebrates." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 149-189.
In the Athabasca region, the oil sands are located at or near the surface making open-pit mining viable. In addition, the Athabasca River and its tributaries flow through these oil sands deposits, thereby receiving bitumen-associated contaminants through natural fluvial erosional and weathering processes. A key knowledge gap has been related to understanding both the magnitude and significance of the toxicological and ecological effects on aquatic organisms exposed to naturally occurring bitumen entering fluvial systems. Using the Daphnia magna model system, this study assessed the ecotoxicological effects of exposure to bitumen-elutriate treatments that simulated the early stages of fluvial/erosional exposure conditions. No significant among-site differences were observed in the survival of D. magna after 48 h exposure to elutriates produced from a 24 h extraction cycle, and chemical analysis indicated low concentration of a complex mixture of hydrocarbon and metal contaminants. In contrast, the same elutriates impaired reproduction and growth after a 21-day chronic exposure. F1 neonates from the chronic tests were tested for sensitivity to the reference substance potassium dichromate, revealing a decrease in their sensitivity. Inter-generational effects were also observed, with a significant decrease in subsequent neonate production, when daphnids were moved to a clean medium. Supplemental acute toxicity assays using 48 and 72 h bitumen extraction cycles progressively increased daphnid mortality after a 48-h exposure to the respective elutriates. This indicates that bitumen-associated contaminants are being liberated after initial input and fluvial washing (24 h), highlighting the need for future work to assess toxicity responses and associated elutriate water chemistry of a longer fluvial exposure time-series. This work contributes to our understanding of the possible effects of natural bitumen exposure on riverine aquatic ecosystems, providing new information to inform the delineation of baseline conditions to assess environmental change and the design of future regional effects-based monitoring programs.
Diogo N. Cardoso; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Frederick J. Wrona; Susana Loureiro. Assessing the acute and chronic toxicity of exposure to naturally occurring oil sands deposits to aquatic organisms using Daphnia magna. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 729, 138805 .
AMA StyleDiogo N. Cardoso, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Frederick J. Wrona, Susana Loureiro. Assessing the acute and chronic toxicity of exposure to naturally occurring oil sands deposits to aquatic organisms using Daphnia magna. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 729 ():138805.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiogo N. Cardoso; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Frederick J. Wrona; Susana Loureiro. 2020. "Assessing the acute and chronic toxicity of exposure to naturally occurring oil sands deposits to aquatic organisms using Daphnia magna." Science of The Total Environment 729, no. : 138805.
In the last decades, the use of organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) has increased worldwide, and these compounds are now considered emerging contaminants of many freshwater ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) on a freshwater invertebrate community and on associated ecological functions. For that, artificial streams were used, and a natural invertebrate benthic community was exposed to sediments contaminated with two concentrations of 4-MBC. Effects were evaluated regarding macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure, as well as leaf decomposition and primary production. Results showed that the macroinvertebrate community parameters and leaf decomposition rates were not affected by 4-MBC exposure. On the other hand, primary production was strongly reduced. This study highlights the importance of higher tier ecotoxicity experiments for the assessment of the effects of low concentrations of organic UV-filters on freshwater invertebrate community structure and ecosystem functioning.
Diana Campos; Ana L. Machado; Diogo Cardoso; Ana Rita Silva; Patrícia V. Silva; Andreia Rodrigues; Fátima C.P. Simão; Susana Loureiro; Kateřina Grabicová; Petra Nováková; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; João Pestana. Effects of the organic UV-filter, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, on benthic invertebrates and ecosystem function in artificial streams. Environmental Pollution 2020, 260, 113981 .
AMA StyleDiana Campos, Ana L. Machado, Diogo Cardoso, Ana Rita Silva, Patrícia V. Silva, Andreia Rodrigues, Fátima C.P. Simão, Susana Loureiro, Kateřina Grabicová, Petra Nováková, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, João Pestana. Effects of the organic UV-filter, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, on benthic invertebrates and ecosystem function in artificial streams. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 260 ():113981.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiana Campos; Ana L. Machado; Diogo Cardoso; Ana Rita Silva; Patrícia V. Silva; Andreia Rodrigues; Fátima C.P. Simão; Susana Loureiro; Kateřina Grabicová; Petra Nováková; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; João Pestana. 2020. "Effects of the organic UV-filter, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, on benthic invertebrates and ecosystem function in artificial streams." Environmental Pollution 260, no. : 113981.
Aquatic organisms might be exposed episodically or continuously to chemicals for long-term periods throughout their life span. Pesticides are one example of widely used chemicals and thus represent a potential hazard to aquatic organisms. In addition, these chemicals may be present simultaneously in the environment or as pulses, being difficult to predict accurately how their joint effects will take place. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how Daphnia magna (clone k6) exposed throughout generations to a model pesticide (the fungicide carbendazim) would react upon an exposure to another chemical compound (triclosan) and to a mixture of both chemicals (carbendazim and triclosan). Responses of daphnids continuously exposed to carbendazim and kept in clean medium will be compared using immobilization tests and the comet assay (DNA integrity). The results showed that triclosan presented similar toxicity to daphnids exposed for 12 generations (F12) to carbendazim (similar 48-h-LC50 values for immobilization data), when compared with daphnids kept in clean medium. However, at subcellular level, daphnids previously exposed to carbendazim for 12 generations (F12) showed different responses than those from clean medium, presenting a higher toxicity; a general higher percentage of DNA damage was observed, after exposure to a range of concentrations of triclosan and to the binary combination of triclosan + carbendazim. The patterns of toxicity observed for the binary mixture triclosan + carbendazim were generally similar for daphnids in clean medium and daphnids exposed to carbendazim, with a dose level deviation with antagonism observed at low doses of the chemical mixture for the immobilization data and a dose ratio deviation with synergism mainly caused by triclosan for DNA damage. With this study, we contributed to the knowledge on long-term induced effects of carbendazim exposure, while looking at the organismal sensitivity to another chemical (triclosan) and to a mixture of carbendazim and triclosan using lethality as an endpoint at the individual level and DNA damage as a subcellular endpoint.
Ana Rita R. Silva; Diogo N. Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; Sónia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Long-term exposure of Daphnia magna to carbendazim: how it affects toxicity to another chemical or mixture. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 16289 -16302.
AMA StyleAna Rita R. Silva, Diogo N. Cardoso, Andreia Cruz, Sónia Mendo, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Long-term exposure of Daphnia magna to carbendazim: how it affects toxicity to another chemical or mixture. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (16):16289-16302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Rita R. Silva; Diogo N. Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; Sónia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2019. "Long-term exposure of Daphnia magna to carbendazim: how it affects toxicity to another chemical or mixture." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 16: 16289-16302.
This study presents the behavior of novel anti-fouling nanomaterials in seawater and their toxicity towards target and non-target marine species.
Joana Figueiredo; Tânia Oliveira; Violeta Ferreira; Alesia Sushkova; Sara Silva; Diana Carneiro; Diogo Cardoso; Sandra F. Gonçalves; Frederico Maia; Claudia Rocha; João Tedim; Susana Loureiro; Roberto Martins. Toxicity of innovative anti-fouling nano-based solutions to marine species. Environmental Science: Nano 2019, 6, 1418 -1429.
AMA StyleJoana Figueiredo, Tânia Oliveira, Violeta Ferreira, Alesia Sushkova, Sara Silva, Diana Carneiro, Diogo Cardoso, Sandra F. Gonçalves, Frederico Maia, Claudia Rocha, João Tedim, Susana Loureiro, Roberto Martins. Toxicity of innovative anti-fouling nano-based solutions to marine species. Environmental Science: Nano. 2019; 6 (5):1418-1429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Figueiredo; Tânia Oliveira; Violeta Ferreira; Alesia Sushkova; Sara Silva; Diana Carneiro; Diogo Cardoso; Sandra F. Gonçalves; Frederico Maia; Claudia Rocha; João Tedim; Susana Loureiro; Roberto Martins. 2019. "Toxicity of innovative anti-fouling nano-based solutions to marine species." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 5: 1418-1429.
In the terrestrial environment, mercury (Hg) contamination can be originated from different inorganic and metal-organic sources, redistributed and transformed in soils. In the present study, the effects of contaminated food with environmentally relevant concentrations of Hg were evaluated in the soil-dwelling invertebrate Folsomia candida. Changes in growth rate and Hg bioaccumulation levels were observed at different concentrations of Hg in food, which can be complementary for data already available for reproduction and survival from standardized protocols. Collembolan growth was recorded every two days, and their growth rate along with a Von Bertalanffy's growth curve were derived showing that growth was dependent on Hg food concentration. Also, the final length of animals reflected the Hg concentration in food, with differences in all treatments comparing to non-exposed organisms. Toxicokinetic patterns from different Hg concentrations in food were not significantly different during the uptake phase, but differences were found in the depuration phase. Combining the two approaches, collembolans seem to invest their energy for depuration processes, neglecting other vital processes, such as growth. Also, contaminated food avoidance possibly occurred, thus decreasing their feeding and contaminant intake. Therefore, growth tests in collembolans can act as complementary tools to bioaccumulation and reproductive assays, towards a mechanistic understanding of how organisms use their energy upon contamination. Changes in growth rate, even at low and environmentally relevant concentrations, could be a warning signal when occurring in species with key roles in ecosystems. Also, this study highlights the importance of these complementary tests for a better and complete approach to risk assessment studies.
Diogo N. Cardoso; Nuno Ferreira; Paula Tourinho; Cátia Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Mercury accumulation from food decreases collembolans' growth. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 668, 25 -31.
AMA StyleDiogo N. Cardoso, Nuno Ferreira, Paula Tourinho, Cátia Santos, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Mercury accumulation from food decreases collembolans' growth. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 668 ():25-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiogo N. Cardoso; Nuno Ferreira; Paula Tourinho; Cátia Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2019. "Mercury accumulation from food decreases collembolans' growth." Science of The Total Environment 668, no. : 25-31.
Benefits that biochar can bring to unirrigated vineyards are related mainly to soil chemistry, soil structure and water retention improvements. Little is still known about effects of biochar on soil biotic processes and organisms that mediate them. For a sustainable use of biochar in agriculture, alone or in combination with other soil amendments, there is a need for better understanding of soil-biochar-biota interactions, particularly in the long term. Here we applied an ecotoxicological monitoring programme to evaluate the effects of field plot-scale biochar and biochar-compost mixture into vineyard soil. Standard and well described laboratory bioassays were used, assessing the survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida and food consumption and biomass change of Porcellionides pruinosus. The present study examined the effects of biochar- and biochar-compost-enriched soil treatments in a commercial vineyard subjected to conventional pesticide management practices. We considered two sampling events, corresponding to: i) the time of initial application of fresh biochar and biochar-compost (T0); and ii) the 18 month-period after the application of the amendments (T18). Additionally, based on the time and rates of the pesticides application prior to the second sampling event, a theoretical exposure was estimated alongside with risk quotients. The risk quotients were elevated for certain active ingredients in the mixture (cyprodinil, propiconazole, copper oxychloride and copper sulfate). This corroborates the overall decrease in organisms' performance observed after they were exposed to the field-aged samples. The ecotoxicological response to the tested biochar and biochar-compost enriched soil was species-specific, time-dependent, and to some extent, treatment-dependent. The most sensitive endpoint obtained in the study was the reproduction output of F. candida. While freshly amended soil did not induce substantial changes on organisms' performance, the measured endpoints were significantly lower when the organisms were exposed to the treatments from the second sampling event which was subjected to various climatic factors and conventional pesticides. Regarding food consumption of P. pruinosus, and number of F. candida juveniles the effects were more pronounced in 40 t ha−1 biochar and biochar-compost amended treatments than in 4 t ha−1 treatment. Results of the study show that bioavailability of potentially toxic elements might not be prevented over time by the presence of biochar and biochar-compost in commercial vineyards that receive conventional plant protection products.
M. Prodana; A.C. Bastos; A. Amaro; Diogo Cardoso; Rui Morgado; A.L. Machado; Frank Verheijen; Jan Jacob Keizer; Susana Loureiro. Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended soil under viticulture: Looking at exposure and effects. Applied Soil Ecology 2019, 137, 120 -128.
AMA StyleM. Prodana, A.C. Bastos, A. Amaro, Diogo Cardoso, Rui Morgado, A.L. Machado, Frank Verheijen, Jan Jacob Keizer, Susana Loureiro. Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended soil under viticulture: Looking at exposure and effects. Applied Soil Ecology. 2019; 137 ():120-128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Prodana; A.C. Bastos; A. Amaro; Diogo Cardoso; Rui Morgado; A.L. Machado; Frank Verheijen; Jan Jacob Keizer; Susana Loureiro. 2019. "Biomonitoring tools for biochar and biochar-compost amended soil under viticulture: Looking at exposure and effects." Applied Soil Ecology 137, no. : 120-128.
Water availability is paramount in the response of soil invertebrates towards stress situations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of forecasted soil moisture scenarios on the avoidance behavior of two invertebrate species (the arthropod Folsomia candida and the soft-bodied oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus) in soils degraded by different types of anthropogenic metal(loid) contamination (mining soil and agricultural soil affected by industrial chemical wastes). Different soil moisture contents (expressed as % of the soil water holding capacity, WHC) were evaluated: 50% (standard soil moisture conditions for soil invertebrates' tests); 75% (to simulate increasing soil water availability after intense rainfalls and/or floods); 40%, 30%, 25% and 20% (to simulate decreasing soil water availability during droughts). Invertebrates’ avoidance behavior and changes in soil porewater major ions and metal(loid)s were assessed after 48 h exposure. Soil incubations induced a general solubilization/mobilization of porewater major ions, while higher soil acidity favored the solubilization/mobilization of porewater metal(loid)s, especially at 75% WHC. Folsomia candida preferred soils moistened at 50% WHC, regardless the soils were contaminated or not and the changing soil porewater characteristics. Enchytraeus crypticus avoided metal(loid) contamination, but this depended on the soil moisture conditions and the corresponding changes in porewater characteristics: enchytraeids lost their capacity to avoid contaminated soils under water stress situations (75% and 20–25% WHC), but also when contaminated soils had greater water availability than control soils. Therefore, forecasted soil moisture scenarios induced by global warming changed soil porewater composition and invertebrates capacity to avoid metal(loid)-contaminated soils.
M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz; Catarina Malheiro; Diogo N. Cardoso; Susana Loureiro. Soil moisture influences the avoidance behavior of invertebrate species in anthropogenic metal(loid)-contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution 2019, 248, 546 -554.
AMA StyleM. Nazaret González-Alcaraz, Catarina Malheiro, Diogo N. Cardoso, Susana Loureiro. Soil moisture influences the avoidance behavior of invertebrate species in anthropogenic metal(loid)-contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 248 ():546-554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Nazaret González-Alcaraz; Catarina Malheiro; Diogo N. Cardoso; Susana Loureiro. 2019. "Soil moisture influences the avoidance behavior of invertebrate species in anthropogenic metal(loid)-contaminated soils." Environmental Pollution 248, no. : 546-554.
Environmental contextNanotechnology has great potential for managing agricultural plant disease. This study compares effects of various nano and conventional copper formulations on Collembola Folsomia candida, a model arthropod often used to test soil pollutants. Although toxicity varied between formulations, with a nanopesticide showing one of the highest toxicities, the differences were mainly due to the active copper compound rather than its nano formulation. AbstractNanotechnology has recently become a major asset in agricultural practices owing to the improvement and provision of solutions for plant disease management, especially in the form of nanopesticides. These products are considered as one of the main direct sources of nanomaterials in terrestrial ecosystems, and for that reason, it is essential to understand and evaluate their behaviour and toxicity in the environment. In addition, the panoply of similar compounds makes it difficult to accurately evaluate if different formulations may induce different effects on non-target organisms. We aim to compare the toxicity and bioavailability of different copper formulations (nano and non-nano) applied to the soil using the model organism Folsomia candida. Reproduction tests were performed in two different soils (Lufa 2.1 and 2.2) with two equilibrium times after spiking (0 and 48h). Depending on the copper form present in the formulation, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of the non-nano pesticides varied from 274mgCukg−1 in Champion® to 3030mgCukg−1 in Cupravit® in Lufa 2.2 and 48h equilibrium. The nano formulation displayed one of the highest toxicities to collembolans, with an EC50 of 156mgCukg−1. Regarding the soil type, a higher toxicity in Lufa 2.1 was observed probably related to the soil characteristics, namely lower pH and lower organic content, which increase the metal solubility and consequently the bioavailability. The only exception was the nanopesticide Kocide 3000®, whose toxicity was higher in Lufa 2.2. This study emphasises the importance of understanding the links between metal bioavailability and toxicity to support the more robust environmental risk assessment of different Cu fungicide formulations.
Joana Neves; Diogo Cardoso; Catarina Malheiro; Melanie Kah; Amadeu Soares; Frederick J. Wrona; Susana Loureiro. Copper toxicity to Folsomia candida in different soils: a comparison between nano and conventional formulations. Environmental Chemistry 2019, 16, 419 .
AMA StyleJoana Neves, Diogo Cardoso, Catarina Malheiro, Melanie Kah, Amadeu Soares, Frederick J. Wrona, Susana Loureiro. Copper toxicity to Folsomia candida in different soils: a comparison between nano and conventional formulations. Environmental Chemistry. 2019; 16 (6):419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Neves; Diogo Cardoso; Catarina Malheiro; Melanie Kah; Amadeu Soares; Frederick J. Wrona; Susana Loureiro. 2019. "Copper toxicity to Folsomia candida in different soils: a comparison between nano and conventional formulations." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 6: 419.
Anthropogenic activities such as the use of pesticides may affect in some way aquatic biota populations, due to potential agricultural runoffs or disposals. Carbendazim is one example of a widely used fungicide with a high potential to end up in aquatic ecosystems through runoff. Deleterious effects observed at the individual level are possibly explained by changes in homeostasis at cellular and both can then be used to predict effects at the population level. In the present study, an isoclonal population of Daphnia magna (clone k6) was exposed to concentration that mimics relevant levels of carbendazim in the environment during twelve generations. The effects of carbendazim on biochemical biomarkers (cholinesterase, catalase and glutathione S‐transferase), lipid peroxidation and energy‐related parameters (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins jointly with energy available and energy consumption), parental longevity, and population growth (r) were assessed in some generations. The long‐term exposure to carbendazim presented no effect on the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) of adult D. magna However, daphnids longevity decreased at the F12 when compared to daphnids from control. Cholinesterases, glutathione S‐transferase and lipid peroxidation showed differences between the exposed and non‐exposed populations. However, for catalase and energy related‐parameters no differences were observed between these two populations. Natural variability was observed throughout the test period, under control conditions, within the twelve generations. Overall, carbendazim induced some effects at the subcellular level that were translated to longevity, but latter vanishing in terms of population effects.
Ana Rita Silva; Cátia Santos; Nuno Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Diogo Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna : From a subcellular to a population level. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 38, 412 -422.
AMA StyleAna Rita Silva, Cátia Santos, Nuno Ferreira, Rui Morgado, Diogo Cardoso, Andreia Cruz, Sonia Mendo, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna : From a subcellular to a population level. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 38 (2):412-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Rita Silva; Cátia Santos; Nuno Ferreira; Rui Morgado; Diogo Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2018. "Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna : From a subcellular to a population level." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 38, no. 2: 412-422.
The study of the effects of human pharmaceuticals has been considered a priority in terms of environmental safety. However, the available information concerning soil organisms is scarce. To decrease this knowledge gap, the effects of carbamazepine and fluoxetine (0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 mg·kg− 1 of soil) were assessed on the springtail Folsomia candida, for three consecutive generations. The assessed endpoints included survival, reproduction and biomarkers associated with biotransformation, neurotransmission and peroxidative damage. A light avoidance behavior test was performed, in the third generation. The obtained data demonstrate that both pharmaceuticals may affect Collembola populations after three generational exposures, as showed by the decrease trend for both survival and reproduction. The effects of carbamazepine were however, more pronounced. After the third generational exposure to all carbamazepine tested concentrations and the three highest concentrations of fluoxetine, F. candida displayed altered light avoidance behavior. The biochemical endpoints also revealed that carbamazepine and fluoxetine may exert toxic effects to F. candida through the induction of oxidative stress and impairment in neurotransmission with an apparent higher potential for carbamazepine. Overall, data show that the effects of pharmaceuticals throughout different generations should be considered in risk assessment studies.
M. Oliveira; Diogo Cardoso; A.M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Toxic effects of human pharmaceuticals to Folsomia candida – A multigeneration approach. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 625, 1225 -1233.
AMA StyleM. Oliveira, Diogo Cardoso, A.M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Toxic effects of human pharmaceuticals to Folsomia candida – A multigeneration approach. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 625 ():1225-1233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Oliveira; Diogo Cardoso; A.M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2018. "Toxic effects of human pharmaceuticals to Folsomia candida – A multigeneration approach." Science of The Total Environment 625, no. : 1225-1233.
The exposure to pesticides by non-target soil biota has long been regarded as a serious downside of modern agriculture regimes and subject of heated debate. Of utmost relevance is the exposure to pesticide mixtures since their effects have shown not to necessarily reflect the individual toxicity of its components and even the simple addition of effects may lead to consequences not clearly anticipated. In this work, a multiple biomarker approach was employed to identify the mechanistic and time-effects underlying several single and mixture treatments of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb in juveniles and adults of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. The effects of both pesticides and mixture at recommended doses were mostly transitory under these controlled conditions and one-pulse exposure. While imbalances were identified on detoxification and oxidative stress-related enzymes, isopods generally showed the ability to recover until the end of the experiment. Juveniles showed, however, higher vulnerability than adults. The most notorious differences between life stages occurred in energy-related parameters where distinct performances and stress-handling behaviours were observed, suggesting higher metabolic costs in juveniles. Our results stress that understanding the time-dependence of the underlying mechanisms governing the joint-effects of pesticides can help assessing and anticipating mixtures' effects. Moreover, it is also emphasized the importance taking life stage-related differences in consideration when evaluating the environmental risks of pesticides and pesticide mixtures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Rui G. Morgado; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Patrícia V. Silva; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Joint effects of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus : A multiple biomarker approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 37, 1446 -1457.
AMA StyleRui G. Morgado, Nuno Ferreira, Diogo Cardoso, Patrícia V. Silva, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Joint effects of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus : A multiple biomarker approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2018; 37 (5):1446-1457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui G. Morgado; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Patrícia V. Silva; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2018. "Joint effects of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus : A multiple biomarker approach." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37, no. 5: 1446-1457.
The present study shows the comet assay technique being successfully applied for the first time to one of the most widely used soil organisms in standardized ecotoxicological tests, Folsomia candida, providing a step forward in assessing the genotoxicity induced by xenobiotics. Because collembolans have a high content of chitin, a new methodology was developed in which the heads of the collembolans were separated from the rest of the body, allowing the hemolymph to leak out. This procedure allows the cells to be released, and after lysis the genetic material is available for the comet assay. Among other key procedures, the use of 30 organisms (20‐ to 22‐d‐old adults) per replicate and the correct amount of cells with genetic material (translated as 10 μL of suspension) applied on the agarose gel were determinants for the success of the results obtained. The methodology was validated by exposing F. candida to a representative metallic element (cadmium) and a representative of organophosphates, the insecticide dimethoate, for a shorter time period of 10 d, compared with the 28 d for the International Organization for Standardization 11267 method. Within this method, the relatively low percentage of DNA damage (30%) observed in controls and the significant increase in terms of percentage of DNA damage for almost all the concentrations of dimethoate and Cd (reaching 52% and 56% of damage in the highest concentrations, respectively) confirmed the genotoxic effect of both compounds and validated this technique. The comet assay proved to be a sensitive technique to detect DNA strand breaks in collembolans’ cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2514–2520. © 2017 SETAC
Diogo Cardoso; Ana Rita Silva; Andreia Cruz; Joana Lourenço; Joana Neves; Catarina Malheiro; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu Soares; Susana Loureiro. The comet assay inFolsomia candida: A suitable approach to assess genotoxicity in collembolans. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2017, 36, 2514 -2520.
AMA StyleDiogo Cardoso, Ana Rita Silva, Andreia Cruz, Joana Lourenço, Joana Neves, Catarina Malheiro, Sonia Mendo, Amadeu Soares, Susana Loureiro. The comet assay inFolsomia candida: A suitable approach to assess genotoxicity in collembolans. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2017; 36 (9):2514-2520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiogo Cardoso; Ana Rita Silva; Andreia Cruz; Joana Lourenço; Joana Neves; Catarina Malheiro; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2017. "The comet assay inFolsomia candida: A suitable approach to assess genotoxicity in collembolans." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36, no. 9: 2514-2520.
Carbendazim is a fungicide largely used in agriculture as a plant protection product. Due to agricultural runoffs, drainage and leaching it reaches surface waters at concentrations possibly hazardous to aquatic communities. Due to potential and continuous release of carbendazim to aquatic systems, long term exposure to aquatic organisms should be addressed. To fill the knowledge gap on this, the present study evaluated the responses of multigenerations of Daphnia magna (clone K6) to an environmental relevant concentration of carbendazim (5 µg/L). In this study, 12 successive generations were evaluated and the effects in these offsprings were compared to those from a control population. Neonates' fitness was assessed through immobilisation, reproduction and feeding activity tests along with the comet assay for the in vivo DNA damage evaluation. In addition, recovery from long-term exposure was also assessed. In the F5 generation, the results revealed that when daphnids were re-exposed to carbendazim DNA damage was higher in daphnids continuously exposed to carbendazim than those from clean medium. After daphnids were moved to a clean medium a low recovery potential was observed for DNA damage. Daphnids exposed continuously for six generations (F6) to carbendazim presented an increase on feeding rates when re-exposed to carbendazim compared with F6 daphnids reared in clean medium. The continuous exposure of daphnids to carbendazim induced a significant increase in DNA damage from F0 to F12 generation. Deleterious effects of the multigenerational exposure to carbendazim were more prominent at a subcellular level (DNA damage) compared to the individual level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Ana Rita R. Silva; Diogo N. Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; João L. T. Pestana; Sónia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2016, 36, 383 -394.
AMA StyleAna Rita R. Silva, Diogo N. Cardoso, Andreia Cruz, João L. T. Pestana, Sónia Mendo, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2016; 36 (2):383-394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Rita R. Silva; Diogo N. Cardoso; Andreia Cruz; João L. T. Pestana; Sónia Mendo; Amadeu M. V. M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2016. "Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36, no. 2: 383-394.
Cadmium ecotoxicity and genotoxicity was assessed in three representative species of different trophic levels of marine ecosystems – the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, the decapod shrimp, Palaemon varians and the pleuronectiform fish Solea senegalensis. Ecotoxicity endpoints assessed in this study were adult survival, hatching success and larval development ratio (LDR) for A. tonsa, survival of the first larval stage (zoea I) and post-larvae of P. varians, egg and larvae survival, as well as the presence of malformations in the larval stage of S. senegalensis. In vivo genotoxicity was assessed on adult A. tonsa, the larval and postlarval stage of P. varians and newly hatched larvae of S. senegalensis using the comet assay. Results showed that the highest sensitivity to cadmium is displayed by A. tonsa, with the most sensitive endpoint being the LDR of nauplii to copepodites. Sole eggs displayed the highest tolerance to cadmium compared to the other endpoints evaluated for all tested species. Recorded cadmium toxicity was (by increasing order): S. senegalensis eggs < P. varians post-larvae < P. varians zoea I < S. senegalensis larvae < A. tonsa eggs < A. tonsa LDR. DNA damage to all species exposed to cadmium increased with increasing concentrations. Overall, understanding cadmium chemical speciation is paramount to reliably evaluate the effects of this metal in marine ecosystems. Cadmium is genotoxic to all three species tested and therefore may differentially impact individuals and populations of marine taxa. As A. tonsa was the most sensitive species and occupies a lower trophic level, it is likely that cadmium contamination may trigger bottom-up cascading effects in marine trophic interactions.
Maria D. Pavlaki; Mário Araújo; Diogo Cardoso; Ana Rita Silva; Andreia Cruz; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu Soares; Ricardo Calado; Susana Loureiro. Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of cadmium in different marine trophic levels. Environmental Pollution 2016, 215, 203 -212.
AMA StyleMaria D. Pavlaki, Mário Araújo, Diogo Cardoso, Ana Rita Silva, Andreia Cruz, Sonia Mendo, Amadeu Soares, Ricardo Calado, Susana Loureiro. Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of cadmium in different marine trophic levels. Environmental Pollution. 2016; 215 ():203-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria D. Pavlaki; Mário Araújo; Diogo Cardoso; Ana Rita Silva; Andreia Cruz; Sonia Mendo; Amadeu Soares; Ricardo Calado; Susana Loureiro. 2016. "Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of cadmium in different marine trophic levels." Environmental Pollution 215, no. : 203-212.
A main source of uncertainty currently associated with environmental risk assessment of chemicals is the poor understanding of the influence of environmental factors on the toxicity of xenobiotics. Aiming to reduce this uncertainty, here we evaluate the joint-effects of two pesticides (chlorpyrifos and mancozeb) on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus under different soil moisture regimes. A full factorial design, including three treatments of each pesticide and an untreated control, were performed under different soil moisture regimes: 25%, 50%, and 75% WHC. Our results showed that soil moisture had no effects on isopods survival, at the levels assessed in this experiment, neither regarding single pesticides nor mixture treatments. Additivity was always the most parsimonious result when both pesticides were present. Oppositely, both feeding activity and biomass change showed a higher sensitivity to soil moisture, with isopods generally showing worse performance when exposed to pesticides and dry or moist conditions. Most of the significant differences between soil moisture regimes were found in single pesticide treatments, yet different responses to mixtures could still be distinguished depending on the soil moisture assessed. This study shows that while soil moisture has the potential to influence the effects of the pesticide mixture itself, such effects might become less important in a context of complex combinations of stressors, as the major contribution comes from its individual interaction with each pesticide. Finally, the implications of our results are discussed in light of the current state of environmental risk assessment procedures and some future perspectives are advanced.
Rui G. Morgado; Pedro A.D. Gomes; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. Toxicity interaction between chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and soil moisture to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Chemosphere 2016, 144, 1845 -1853.
AMA StyleRui G. Morgado, Pedro A.D. Gomes, Nuno Ferreira, Diogo Cardoso, Miguel J.G. Santos, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro. Toxicity interaction between chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and soil moisture to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Chemosphere. 2016; 144 ():1845-1853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui G. Morgado; Pedro A.D. Gomes; Nuno Ferreira; Diogo Cardoso; Miguel J.G. Santos; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro. 2016. "Toxicity interaction between chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and soil moisture to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus." Chemosphere 144, no. : 1845-1853.
This work aimed at characterizing the metabolome of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus and at assessing its variations over 14 days under laboratory culture conditions and upon exposure to the contaminant metal Nickel (Ni). The spectral profiles obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy were thoroughly assigned and subjected to multivariate analysis in order to highlight consistent changes. Over 50 metabolites could be identified, providing considerable new knowledge on the metabolome of these model organisms. Several metabolites changed non-linearly with Ni dose and exposure time, showing distinct variation patterns for initial (4 days) and later time points (7 and 14 days). In particular, at day 4, several amino acids were increased and sugars were decreased (compared to controls), whereas these variations were inverted for longer exposure, possibly reflecting earlier and more intensive moulting. Other variations, namely in betaines and choline-containing compounds, were suggested to relate with osmoregulation and detoxification mechanisms. Ni also had a marked effect on several nucleotides (increased upon exposure) and a moderate impact on lipids (decreased upon exposure). Overall, this study has provided new information on the Ni-induced metabolic adaptations of the P. pruinosus isopod, paving the way for improved mechanistic understanding of how these model organisms handle soil contamination. This study provided, for the first time to our knowledge, a detailed picture of the NMR-detectable metabolome of terrestrial isopods and of its fluctuations in time and upon exposure to the contaminant metal Nickel. Several time- and dose-dependent changes were highlighted, providing mechanistic insight into how these important model organisms handle Ni contamination.
Nuno G.C. Ferreira; Raquel Saborano; Rui Morgado; Diogo N. Cardoso; Claudia Rocha; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro; Iola F. Duarte. Metabolic responses of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel exposure assessed by 1H NMR metabolomics. Journal of Proteomics 2015, 137, 59 -67.
AMA StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira, Raquel Saborano, Rui Morgado, Diogo N. Cardoso, Claudia Rocha, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Susana Loureiro, Iola F. Duarte. Metabolic responses of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel exposure assessed by 1H NMR metabolomics. Journal of Proteomics. 2015; 137 ():59-67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno G.C. Ferreira; Raquel Saborano; Rui Morgado; Diogo N. Cardoso; Claudia Rocha; Amadeu M.V.M. Soares; Susana Loureiro; Iola F. Duarte. 2015. "Metabolic responses of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel exposure assessed by 1H NMR metabolomics." Journal of Proteomics 137, no. : 59-67.