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Junxiao Wang
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

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Review
Published: 17 March 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Cd accumulation in paddy soils and its subsequent transfer to the food chain are widespread environmental issues, which has been extensively investigated in China. However, most studies focused on regional scales and these results may not be applicable to present the Cd contamination status in soil-rice ecosystems at a national scale. Therefore, based on collected data from China’s rice cultivation dominated regions, this study provides the Cd pollution level of paddy soils and rice grains in China. Results indicates that the Yangtze River basin, especially Hunan, required more attention due to the elevated Cd concentrations in soil-rice ecosystems. Moreover, this review summarizes the significant natural and anthropogenic sources, transport and accumulation mechanism as well as the influencing factors of Cd in soil-rice ecosystems. The wide occurrence of Cd contamination in paddy soils derived primarily from mining activities, intensive application of phosphates fertilizers and e-waste. Physicochemical characteristics of soil, soil microorganisms, temperature as well as the physiological features of rice plants all contribute to Cd accumulation in rice grains, which can be controlled to mitigate Cd accumulation in rice grains. This review will provide a scientific reference for Cd pollution control and management with respect to paddy field ecosystems in China and other countries.

ACS Style

Mengmeng Zou; Shenglu Zhou; Yujie Zhou; Zhenyi Jia; Tianwei Guo; Junxiao Wang. Cadmium pollution of soil-rice ecosystems in rice cultivation dominated regions in China: A review. Environmental Pollution 2021, 280, 116965 .

AMA Style

Mengmeng Zou, Shenglu Zhou, Yujie Zhou, Zhenyi Jia, Tianwei Guo, Junxiao Wang. Cadmium pollution of soil-rice ecosystems in rice cultivation dominated regions in China: A review. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 280 ():116965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengmeng Zou; Shenglu Zhou; Yujie Zhou; Zhenyi Jia; Tianwei Guo; Junxiao Wang. 2021. "Cadmium pollution of soil-rice ecosystems in rice cultivation dominated regions in China: A review." Environmental Pollution 280, no. : 116965.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2019 in Environmental Pollution
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Southwestern China contains the largest and most well-developed karst region in the world, and the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) content in the soils of the region is remarkably high. To explore the internal and external control factors and sources of soil PTEs enrichment in this area and to provide a basis for the treatment of PTE pollution, 113 soil samples were collected from Hengxian County, a karst region in Guangxi Province, southwestern China. The importance of eighteen influencing factors including parent material, weathering, physicochemical properties, topography and human activities were quantitatively analyzed by (partial) redundancy analysis. The sources of PTEs were identified using the Pb isotope ratio and absolute principal component score/multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model. The contents of all soil PTEs were higher than the corresponding background values of Guangxi soils. The contents in Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb were the highest in the soil from carbonate rock. The factor group of geological background and weathering explained 26.5% for the accumulation and distribution of soil PTEs and the influence of physicochemical properties was less than 2% but increased to 25.6% through interaction with weathering. Fe (47.1%), Al (42.1%), Mn (22%), chemical index of alteration (12.8%), clay (11.9%) were the key factors affecting the soil PTEs, while the influence of human activities was weak. Pb isotope ratio and APCS-MLR classified 62.8–74% of soil PTEs as derived from natural sources, whereas 18.23% and 18.95% were derived from industrial activities and agricultural practice/traffic emissions, respectively. The Pb isotope ratio showed that the natural sources account for up to 90% of the Pb in the soil from carbonate rock, the highest contribution among the studied soils. The results of the study can provide background information on the soil PTEs contamination in the karst areas of China and other areas worldwide.

ACS Style

Zhenyi Jia; Junxiao Wang; Xiaodan Zhou; Yujie Zhou; Yan Li; Baojie Li; Shenglu Zhou. Identification of the sources and influencing factors of potentially toxic elements accumulation in the soil from a typical karst region in Guangxi, Southwest China. Environmental Pollution 2019, 256, 113505 .

AMA Style

Zhenyi Jia, Junxiao Wang, Xiaodan Zhou, Yujie Zhou, Yan Li, Baojie Li, Shenglu Zhou. Identification of the sources and influencing factors of potentially toxic elements accumulation in the soil from a typical karst region in Guangxi, Southwest China. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 256 ():113505.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyi Jia; Junxiao Wang; Xiaodan Zhou; Yujie Zhou; Yan Li; Baojie Li; Shenglu Zhou. 2019. "Identification of the sources and influencing factors of potentially toxic elements accumulation in the soil from a typical karst region in Guangxi, Southwest China." Environmental Pollution 256, no. : 113505.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2019 in Environmental Pollution
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The adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by components such as elemental carbon (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), and particles is different, and EC and PAHs are good materials for reconstructing historical human activity patterns and pollution conditions. In this study, the effects of EC (soot and char), TOC and particles of different grain size on PAHs in surface sediments were quantitatively analysed, and their historical concentrations in a sediment core from western Taihu Lake were reconstructed. The contents of soot, TOC, clay, EC and char explained 57.2%, 27.6%, 26.0%, 24.0% and 16.4%, respectively, of the PAH concentrations in surface sediments. The correlation between the soot and PAH levels was significantly higher than that between the char, TOC, and clay contents and PAH levels, and PAHs were mainly affected by the local economic development and human activity, as indicated by metrics of population, highway mileage, coal burning, and industrial output. With the development of the economy of the Taihu Lake Basin, the composition of PAHs in the sediments has changed: the proportion of low-molecular-weight PAHs decreased from 42.4% to 17.5%, and that of high-molecular-weight PAHs increased from 58.7% to 82.5%. The concentration of PAHs in pore water from Taihu Lake over the past 100 years was reconstructed and ranged from 43.1 to 961.2 μg L−1, with an average of 180.7 μg L−1. After China's reform and opening up, the concentrations of various PAHs in Taihu Lake changed from safe to chronic pollution levels. The ratios of lead (Pb) isotopes and the diagnostic ratios of PAHs showed that the main sources of PAHs in western Taihu Lake sediments were human activities such as coal and petroleum combustion.

ACS Style

Yan Li; Genmei Wang; Junxiao Wang; Zhenyi Jia; Yujie Zhou; Chunhui Wang; Yanyan Li; Shenglu Zhou. Determination of influencing factors on historical concentration variations of PAHs in West Taihu Lake, China. Environmental Pollution 2019, 249, 573 -580.

AMA Style

Yan Li, Genmei Wang, Junxiao Wang, Zhenyi Jia, Yujie Zhou, Chunhui Wang, Yanyan Li, Shenglu Zhou. Determination of influencing factors on historical concentration variations of PAHs in West Taihu Lake, China. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 249 ():573-580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Li; Genmei Wang; Junxiao Wang; Zhenyi Jia; Yujie Zhou; Chunhui Wang; Yanyan Li; Shenglu Zhou. 2019. "Determination of influencing factors on historical concentration variations of PAHs in West Taihu Lake, China." Environmental Pollution 249, no. : 573-580.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In order to quantitatively study the effect of environmental protection in China since the twenty-first century and the environmental pollution projected for the next ten years (under the model of extensive economic development), this paper establishes a Bayesian regulation back propagation neural network (BRBPNN) to analyze the typical pollutants (i.e., cadmium (Cd) and benzopyrene (BaP)) for Taihu Lake, a typical Chinese freshwater lake. For the periods 1950–2003 and 1950–2015, the neural network model estimated the BaP concentration for the database with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NS) = 0.99 and 0.99 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 3.1 and 9.3 for the total database and the Cd concentration for the database with NS = 0.93 and 0.98 and RMSE = 45.4 and 65.7 for the total database, respectively. In the model of extensive economic development, the concentration of pollutants in the sediments of Taihu reached the maximum value at the end of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century, and there was an inflection point. After the early twenty-first century, the concentration of pollutants was controlled under various environmental policies and measures. In 2015, the environmental protection ratio of Cd and BaP reached 52% and 89%, respectively. Without environmental protection measures, the concentrations of Cd and BaP obtained from the neural network model is projected to reach 2015.5 μg kg−1 and 407.8 ng g−1, respectively, in 2030. Based on the results of this study, the Chinese government will need to invest more money and energy to clean up the environment.

ACS Style

Yan Li; Shenglu Zhou; Zhenyi Jia; Liang Ge; Liping Mei; Xueyan Sui; Xiaorui Wang; Baojie Li; Junxiao Wang; Shaohua Wu. Influence of Industrialization and Environmental Protection on Environmental Pollution: A Case Study of Taihu Lake, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2628 .

AMA Style

Yan Li, Shenglu Zhou, Zhenyi Jia, Liang Ge, Liping Mei, Xueyan Sui, Xiaorui Wang, Baojie Li, Junxiao Wang, Shaohua Wu. Influence of Industrialization and Environmental Protection on Environmental Pollution: A Case Study of Taihu Lake, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (12):2628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Li; Shenglu Zhou; Zhenyi Jia; Liang Ge; Liping Mei; Xueyan Sui; Xiaorui Wang; Baojie Li; Junxiao Wang; Shaohua Wu. 2018. "Influence of Industrialization and Environmental Protection on Environmental Pollution: A Case Study of Taihu Lake, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12: 2628.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2018 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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An improved gridded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission inventory for the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2001 to 2015 was developed using satellite data. Despite rapid increases in energy consumption, the annual total emissions of the 16 PAHs showed overall decreasing trends, from a maximum of 5445 t in 2001 to a minimum of 2619 t in 2015, with the largest decline (84.6%) observed in the residential sector. Different spatial allocation methods used in gridded PAH emission inventories have substantial influences on the distributions of PAHs; therefore, we improved the accuracy of the spatial allocation of industrial and open biomass burning PAH emissions using various satellite data. The gridded secondary and tertiary industrial GDP (GDP23) calculated using corrected nighttime light data was the best spatial proxy for the spatial allocation of industrial PAH emissions in the YRD region. We generated a gridded burned area for 2001–2015 by coupling the MCD64A1 and MCD14ML fire products, which was used to allocate PAH emissions from open biomass burning. Finally, we found that changes in the spatial distribution of PAH emissions were mainly driven by energy consumption and degree of technological advancement in different regions during 2001–2015.

ACS Style

Baojie Li; Shenglu Zhou; Teng Wang; Xueyan Sui; Zhenyi Jia; Yan Li; Junxiao Wang; Shaohua Wu. An improved gridded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Delta region from 2001 to 2015 using satellite data. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2018, 360, 329 -339.

AMA Style

Baojie Li, Shenglu Zhou, Teng Wang, Xueyan Sui, Zhenyi Jia, Yan Li, Junxiao Wang, Shaohua Wu. An improved gridded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Delta region from 2001 to 2015 using satellite data. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2018; 360 ():329-339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baojie Li; Shenglu Zhou; Teng Wang; Xueyan Sui; Zhenyi Jia; Yan Li; Junxiao Wang; Shaohua Wu. 2018. "An improved gridded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Delta region from 2001 to 2015 using satellite data." Journal of Hazardous Materials 360, no. : 329-339.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Analysis of sediment grain sizes and heavy metal correlations in the western part of Lake Taihu shows that the grain size of the sediment is stable as a whole. With increasing depth, the grain size tends to decrease. Heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Pd and Sr are strongly correlated and influence each other. Based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, this study classified the origin of heavy metals in the sediments of western Lake Taihu into three major categories: Agricultural, industrial and geogenic. The contributions of the three heavy metal sources in each sample were analyzed and calculated. Overall, prior to the Chinese economic reform, the study area mainly practiced agriculture. The sources of heavy metals in the sediments were mostly of agricultural and geogenic origin, and remained relatively stable with contribution rates of 44.07 ± 11.84% (n = 30) and 35.67 ± 11.70% (n = 30), respectively. After the reform and opening up of China, as the economy experienced rapid development, industry and agriculture became the main sources of heavy metals in sediments, accounting for 56.99 ± 15.73% (n = 15) and 31.22 ± 14.31% (n = 15), respectively. The PMF model is convenient and efficient, and a good method to determine the origin of heavy metals in sediments.

ACS Style

Yan Li; Liping Mei; Shenglu Zhou; Zhenyi Jia; Junxiao Wang; Baojie Li; Chunhui Wang; Shaohua Wu. Analysis of Historical Sources of Heavy Metals in Lake Taihu Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1540 .

AMA Style

Yan Li, Liping Mei, Shenglu Zhou, Zhenyi Jia, Junxiao Wang, Baojie Li, Chunhui Wang, Shaohua Wu. Analysis of Historical Sources of Heavy Metals in Lake Taihu Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (7):1540.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Li; Liping Mei; Shenglu Zhou; Zhenyi Jia; Junxiao Wang; Baojie Li; Chunhui Wang; Shaohua Wu. 2018. "Analysis of Historical Sources of Heavy Metals in Lake Taihu Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7: 1540.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Long-term trends of sediment compositions are important for assessing the impact of human activities on the sediment and protecting the sediment environment. In this study, based on the contents of heavy metals and the Pb isotope ratios in lake sediments, atmospheric dustfall and soil in Yixing, China, the representative heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd) in lake sediments from western Taihu Lake were studied. The evolution history of heavy metals in the local environment was constructed for the past 100 years. From 1892 to the 1990s, the anthropogenic fluxes of the representative heavy metals were negligible, indicating minimal anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals. Since the 1990s, anthropogenic fluxes of the representative heavy metals began to increase, concurrent with the economic growth and development in the western Taihu Lake Basin after the Chinese economic reform. The maximum flux percentage of the heavy metals in the sediments, caused by human activities, is 23.0% for Zn, 31.6% for Pb, 39.5% for Cr and 85.3% for Cd, indicating that most of the Cd comes from human activities. The Cd content in the western Taihu Lake Basin was significantly higher than that in the other areas, and the rapid development of the industry in the western Taihu Lake Basin and ceramics in Yixing led to the enrichment of heavy metals in local sediments. Since the 21st century, measures have been taken to control the pollution of heavy metals, including the increase in local government attention and the deployment of environmental monitoring technology. However, heavy metal content remains high, and the Pb content is still increasing. The ratios of Pb isotopes show that the main sources of heavy metals in the western Taihu Lake sediments, the local soil of Yixing and the atmospheric dustfall are coal combustion, leaded gasoline combustion, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage.

ACS Style

Yan Li; Shenglu Zhou; Qing Zhu; Baojie Li; Junxiao Wang; Chunhui Wang; Lian Chen; Shaohua Wu. One-century sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in western Taihu Lake, China. Environmental Pollution 2018, 240, 709 -716.

AMA Style

Yan Li, Shenglu Zhou, Qing Zhu, Baojie Li, Junxiao Wang, Chunhui Wang, Lian Chen, Shaohua Wu. One-century sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in western Taihu Lake, China. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 240 ():709-716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Li; Shenglu Zhou; Qing Zhu; Baojie Li; Junxiao Wang; Chunhui Wang; Lian Chen; Shaohua Wu. 2018. "One-century sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in western Taihu Lake, China." Environmental Pollution 240, no. : 709-716.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2018 in Chemosphere
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Two quantitative methods (emission inventory and isotope ratio analysis) were combined to apportion source contributions of heavy metals entering agricultural soils in the Lihe River watershed (Taihu region, east China). Source apportionment based on the emission inventory method indicated that for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, the mean percentage input from atmospheric deposition was highest (62–85%), followed by irrigation (12–27%) and fertilization (1–14%). Thus, the heavy metals were derived mainly from industrial activities and traffic emissions. For Ni the combined percentage input from irrigation and fertilization was approximately 20% higher than that from atmospheric deposition, indicating that Ni was mainly derived from agricultural activities. Based on isotope ratio analysis, atmospheric deposition accounted for 57–93% of Pb entering soil, with the mean value of 69.3%, which indicates that this was the major source of Pb entering soil in the study area. The mean contributions of irrigation and fertilization to Pb pollution of soil ranged from 0% to 10%, indicating that they played only a marginally important role. Overall, the results obtained using the two methods were similar. This study provides a reliable approach for source apportionment of heavy metals entering agricultural soils in the study area, and clearly have potential application for future studies in other regions.

ACS Style

Lian Chen; Shenglu Zhou; Shaohua Wu; Chunhui Wang; Baojie Li; Yan Li; Junxiao Wang. Combining emission inventory and isotope ratio analyses for quantitative source apportionment of heavy metals in agricultural soil. Chemosphere 2018, 204, 140 -147.

AMA Style

Lian Chen, Shenglu Zhou, Shaohua Wu, Chunhui Wang, Baojie Li, Yan Li, Junxiao Wang. Combining emission inventory and isotope ratio analyses for quantitative source apportionment of heavy metals in agricultural soil. Chemosphere. 2018; 204 ():140-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lian Chen; Shenglu Zhou; Shaohua Wu; Chunhui Wang; Baojie Li; Yan Li; Junxiao Wang. 2018. "Combining emission inventory and isotope ratio analyses for quantitative source apportionment of heavy metals in agricultural soil." Chemosphere 204, no. : 140-147.

Article
Published: 26 December 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Soil pollution by metal(loid)s resulting from rapid economic development is a major concern. Accurately estimating the spatial distribution of soil metal(loid) pollution has great significance in preventing and controlling soil pollution. In this study, 126 topsoil samples were collected in Kunshan City and the geo-accumulation index was selected as a pollution index. We used Kriging interpolation and BP neural network methods to estimate the spatial distribution of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) pollution in the study area. Additionally, we introduced a cross-validation method to measure the errors of the estimation results by the two interpolation methods and discussed the accuracy of the information contained in the estimation results. The conclusions are as follows: data distribution characteristics, spatial variability, and mean square errors (MSE) of the different methods showed large differences. Estimation results from BP neural network models have a higher accuracy, the MSE of As and Cd are 0.0661 and 0.1743, respectively. However, the interpolation results show significant skewed distribution, and spatial autocorrelation is strong. Using Kriging interpolation, the MSE of As and Cd are 0.0804 and 0.2983, respectively. The estimation results have poorer accuracy. Combining the two methods can improve the accuracy of the Kriging interpolation and more comprehensively represent the spatial distribution characteristics of metal(loid)s in regional soil. The study may provide a scientific basis and technical support for the regulation of soil metal(loid) pollution.

ACS Style

Zhenyi Jia; Shenglu Zhou; Quanlong Su; Haomin Yi; Junxiao Wang. Comparison Study on the Estimation of the Spatial Distribution of Regional Soil Metal(loid)s Pollution Based on Kriging Interpolation and BP Neural Network. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 15, 34 .

AMA Style

Zhenyi Jia, Shenglu Zhou, Quanlong Su, Haomin Yi, Junxiao Wang. Comparison Study on the Estimation of the Spatial Distribution of Regional Soil Metal(loid)s Pollution Based on Kriging Interpolation and BP Neural Network. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 15 (1):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenyi Jia; Shenglu Zhou; Quanlong Su; Haomin Yi; Junxiao Wang. 2017. "Comparison Study on the Estimation of the Spatial Distribution of Regional Soil Metal(loid)s Pollution Based on Kriging Interpolation and BP Neural Network." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 1: 34.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2016 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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With China’s rapid economic development, the reduction in arable land has emerged as one of the most prominent problems in the nation. The long-term dynamic monitoring of arable land quality is important for protecting arable land resources. An efficient practice is to select optimal sample points while obtaining accurate predictions. To this end, the selection of effective points from a dense set of soil sample points is an urgent problem. In this study, data were collected from Donghai County, Jiangsu Province, China. The number and layout of soil sample points are optimized by considering the spatial variations in soil properties and by using an improved simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Optimization results in the retention of more sample points in the moderate- and high-variation partitions of the study area; (2) The number of optimal sample points obtained with the improved SA algorithm is markedly reduced, while the accuracy of the predicted soil properties is improved by approximately 5% compared with the raw data; (3) With regard to the monitoring of arable land quality, a dense distribution of sample points is needed to monitor the granularity.

ACS Style

Junxiao Wang; Xiaorui Wang; Shenglu Zhou; Shaohua Wu; Yan Zhu; Chunfeng Lu. Optimization of Sample Points for Monitoring Arable Land Quality by Simulated Annealing while Considering Spatial Variations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 980 .

AMA Style

Junxiao Wang, Xiaorui Wang, Shenglu Zhou, Shaohua Wu, Yan Zhu, Chunfeng Lu. Optimization of Sample Points for Monitoring Arable Land Quality by Simulated Annealing while Considering Spatial Variations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13 (10):980.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junxiao Wang; Xiaorui Wang; Shenglu Zhou; Shaohua Wu; Yan Zhu; Chunfeng Lu. 2016. "Optimization of Sample Points for Monitoring Arable Land Quality by Simulated Annealing while Considering Spatial Variations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10: 980.