Rare earth metals (REM) with magnetic properties find application in the recently developed high-tech industries. Sensor magnetic systems based on neodymium are increasingly in demand in modern engineering and geological surveys due to their favorable combination of properties of magnetic materials based on rare earth metals. One of the problems is to obtain high-quality materials for the production of such magnetic sensors. It should be noted that the high activity of REM does not allow obtaining master alloys and REM-based alloys from metallic materials; it is advisable to use halide compounds. This work discusses a method for producing neodymium fluoride from its oxide. REM fluorides can be obtained by fluorinating the oxides of these metals. Various fluorine-containing compounds or elemental fluorine are usually used as fluorinating reagents, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The thermodynamic and technological analysis of neodymium fluoride production processes has shown the most acceptable fluorinating agent is ammonium hydrofluoride, which was used in this work. In order to increase the productivity and degree of chemical transformation, it was proposed to perform heating stepwise; i.e., at the initial stage, heat at a speed of 3 degrees per minute, after which the heating speed was reduced to 2 degrees per minute, and finally the speed was reduced to 1 degree per minute. Due to proposed heating mode, the same productivity and yield of chemical transformation were achieved, with an increased efficiency up to 30%, which can significantly reduce the cost of production. The obtained product is used in the production of neodymium-based alloys by metallothermic reduction of a mixture of fluorides. The sensor material obtained in this way is characterized by a low (less than 0.05%) oxygen content.

Scientific researches in new directions in the field of calcium metallurgy are reviewed. It is concluded that lack of competitiveness in the global market of Russian production of electrolytic calcium compared with calcium production in China, obtained by the metallothermic method, even despite its purity and quality due to certain changes in the structure of consumption. Productions comparison in environmental terms is mentioned separately. Low and high temperature processes for the preparation of calcium by aluminothermics are considered, what provides an overview of ways to use the obtained passing products for the implementation of the non-waste production principle, in particular the use of aluminum silicates in the production of high-grade cement, the production of flocculants, getting graphite as a product, including pencil lead. It should also to be considered the possibility of using in the technology as a raw material so-called limestone screenings, is a waste of burning limestone, which is offered at bargain prices. It is concluded that a high readiness for the introduction of metallothermic mode technology of calcium production and the interest of all rate company-producers from small to large and all forms of ownership. This highlights the fact that the investigated at present, including in the framework of public-private partnerships, innovative ways of producing cheap calcium such as aluminothermy, silicothermic and carbothermic methods allow to solve the problem of import substitution in Russia in particular industries.

Указаны преимущества карботермического способа вскрытия перовскитового концентрата в сравнении с гидрометаллургическими методами. Отмечены работы, в которых использовался карботермический способ. Даны сведения о существующих способах переработки перовскита, которые не нашли применения в промышленности. Приведены результаты исследования вскрытия титанового сырья на примере искусственно синтезированного перовскита CaO·TiO2. Синтез искусственного перовскита проводили в муфельной печи, при этом смесь оксидов (CaO – 41,2 мас.% и TiO2 – 58,8 мас.%) предварительно перемешивали в течение 15 мин, затем брикетировали в таблетки с использованием стальной пресс-формы диаметром 15 мм на гидравлическом прессе с усилием 147 МПа. Температура синтеза CaTiO3 составляла 1300 °С при времени выдержки 4 ч. Проведены опыты с различным избытком углерода (20 и 30 мас.% от стехиометрически необходимого для восстановления компонентов перовскита). Карботермический процесс вскрытия искусственного перовскита (таблетки массой 4 г) осуществлялся в вакуумной печи с графитовым нагревателем в две стадии: при температуре 1500 °С, времени выдержки 1 ч и остаточном давлении 10,1 кПа в атмосфере аргона на первой стадии и t = 1750 °С, τ = 1 ч, остаточном давлении в камере 1,3 Па – на второй. Продукты реакций изучали рентгенофазовым анализом на дифрактометре «D8 Advance Bruker AXS». Результаты опытов показали практическую возможность извлечения титана и кальция из перовскита карботермическим способом.

The advantages of the carbothermic method of digesting the perovskite concentrate when compared with hydrometallurgical methods are noted. Works in which the carbothermic method was used are...