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Lorenzo Rum
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 05 April 2021 in Gait & Posture
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The initiation in human locomotion is defined as the transition between upright stance and steady-state gait. While past literature abundantly investigated the initiation in bipedal gait, the initiation of handstand walking remains unexplored. The current study aims to characterise the centre of pressure (CoP) and centre of mass (CoM) trajectory of handstand walking initiation as well as the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters and balance strategy of this task. Also, the study examined the CoP trajectory similarity within- and between-participants using a coefficient of multiple correlation analysis. Nineteen gymnasts took part in this study. Handstand walking initiation trials were recorded using force plates and a stereophotogrammetric system. CoM and CoP trajectories were analysed during the Baseline, Preparation and Execution phases of the motor task. We found that to successfully perform the handstand walking initiation, a shift of the CoM forward and towards the stance hand is required as a result of a lateral and posterior CoP shift. All participants performed a similar CoP pattern in the mediolateral direction, whereas two anteroposterior CoP displacement strategies were identified across participants based on different timing execution of posterior CoP shift. While CoP and CoM kinematic differences were identified during the Preparation Phase due to the adopted strategy, no significant difference was found in the Execution Phase for the spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics. A better understanding of the required CoP/CoM patterns and balance control provides the basis for further neuromechanics research on the topic and could contribute to individualise training protocols to improve the learning of the task.

ACS Style

Michal Grabowiecki; Lorenzo Rum; Luca Laudani; Giuseppe Vannozzi. Biomechanical characteristics of handstand walking initiation. Gait & Posture 2021, 86, 311 -318.

AMA Style

Michal Grabowiecki, Lorenzo Rum, Luca Laudani, Giuseppe Vannozzi. Biomechanical characteristics of handstand walking initiation. Gait & Posture. 2021; 86 ():311-318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michal Grabowiecki; Lorenzo Rum; Luca Laudani; Giuseppe Vannozzi. 2021. "Biomechanical characteristics of handstand walking initiation." Gait & Posture 86, no. : 311-318.

Review
Published: 07 March 2021 in Sensors
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The interest and competitiveness in sports for persons with disabilities has increased significantly in the recent years, creating a demand for technological tools supporting practice. Wearable sensors offer non-invasive, portable and overall convenient ways to monitor sports practice. This systematic review aims at providing current evidence on the application of wearable sensors in sports for persons with disability. A search for articles published in English before May 2020 was performed on Scopus, Web-Of-Science, PubMed and EBSCO databases, searching titles, abstracts and keywords with a search string involving terms regarding wearable sensors, sports and disability. After full paper screening, 39 studies were included. Inertial and EMG sensors were the most commonly adopted wearable technologies, while wheelchair sports were the most investigated. Four main target applications of wearable sensors relevant to sports for people with disability were identified and discussed: athlete classification, injury prevention, performance characterization for training optimization and equipment customization. The collected evidence provides an overview on the application of wearable sensors in sports for persons with disability, providing useful indication for researchers, coaches and trainers. Several gaps in the different target applications are highlighted altogether with recommendation on future directions.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Rum; Oscar Sten; Eleonora Vendrame; Valeria Belluscio; Valentina Camomilla; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Luigi Truppa; Marco Notarantonio; Tommaso Sciarra; Aldo Lazich; Andrea Mannini; Elena Bergamini. Wearable Sensors in Sports for Persons with Disability: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2021, 21, 1858 .

AMA Style

Lorenzo Rum, Oscar Sten, Eleonora Vendrame, Valeria Belluscio, Valentina Camomilla, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Luigi Truppa, Marco Notarantonio, Tommaso Sciarra, Aldo Lazich, Andrea Mannini, Elena Bergamini. Wearable Sensors in Sports for Persons with Disability: A Systematic Review. Sensors. 2021; 21 (5):1858.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Rum; Oscar Sten; Eleonora Vendrame; Valeria Belluscio; Valentina Camomilla; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Luigi Truppa; Marco Notarantonio; Tommaso Sciarra; Aldo Lazich; Andrea Mannini; Elena Bergamini. 2021. "Wearable Sensors in Sports for Persons with Disability: A Systematic Review." Sensors 21, no. 5: 1858.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Nutrients
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The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (PREDIMED), respectively. The functional assessment included handgrip strength, lower body muscle strength, gait speed and agility/dynamic balance. Of the participants, 4.84% to 7.33% showed probable sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 1.16% to 2.93% of participants. Severe sarcopenia was shown by 0.86% to 1.49% of participants. Male; age group ≤65 years; lower body mass index (BMI); high levels of vigorous PA; and the consumption of more than one portion per day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts and/or preferential consumption of rabbit, chicken or turkey instead of beef, pork, hamburgers or sausages (OR = 0.126–0.454; all p < 0.013) resulted as protective factors, and more time of sedentary time (OR = 1.608–2.368; p = 0.032–0.041) resulted as a risk factor for some criteria of sarcopenia. In conclusion, age, diet, PA, and obesity can affect the risk of having low muscle strength, low muscle mass or low functional performance, factors connected with sarcopenia.

ACS Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo; Noelia González-Gálvez; Abraham López-Vivancos; Alejandro Espeso-García; Luis Martínez-Aranda; Gemma Gea-García; Francisco Orquín-Castrillón; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; José Jiménez-García; Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Emanuele Isidori; Chiara Fossati; Fabio Pigozzi; Lorenzo Rum; Catherine Norton; Audrey Tierney; Ilvis Äbelkalns; Agita Klempere-Sipjagina; Juris Porozovs; Heikki Hannola; Niko Niemisalo; Leo Hokka; David Jiménez-Pavón; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study. Nutrients 2020, 13, 8 .

AMA Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo, Noelia González-Gálvez, Abraham López-Vivancos, Alejandro Espeso-García, Luis Martínez-Aranda, Gemma Gea-García, Francisco Orquín-Castrillón, Ana Carbonell-Baeza, José Jiménez-García, Daniel Velázquez-Díaz, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Emanuele Isidori, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Lorenzo Rum, Catherine Norton, Audrey Tierney, Ilvis Äbelkalns, Agita Klempere-Sipjagina, Juris Porozovs, Heikki Hannola, Niko Niemisalo, Leo Hokka, David Jiménez-Pavón, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study. Nutrients. 2020; 13 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo Marcos-Pardo; Noelia González-Gálvez; Abraham López-Vivancos; Alejandro Espeso-García; Luis Martínez-Aranda; Gemma Gea-García; Francisco Orquín-Castrillón; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; José Jiménez-García; Daniel Velázquez-Díaz; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Emanuele Isidori; Chiara Fossati; Fabio Pigozzi; Lorenzo Rum; Catherine Norton; Audrey Tierney; Ilvis Äbelkalns; Agita Klempere-Sipjagina; Juris Porozovs; Heikki Hannola; Niko Niemisalo; Leo Hokka; David Jiménez-Pavón; Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal. 2020. "Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study." Nutrients 13, no. 1: 8.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2020 in Gait & Posture
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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is associated with an increased trunk stiffness and muscle coactivation during walking. However, it is still unclear whether CLBP individuals are unable to control neuromechanically their upper body motion during a sudden termination of gait (GT), which involves a challenging balance transition from walking to standing. Does CLBP elicit neuromuscular and kinematic changes which are specific to walking and GT?. Eleven individuals with non-specific CLBP and 11 healthy controls performed walking and sudden GT in response to an external visual cue. 3D kinematic characteristics of thorax, lumbar and pelvis were obtained, with measures of range of motion (ROM) and intra-subject variability of segmental movement being calculated. Electromyographic activity of lumbar and abdominal muscles was recorded to calculate bilateral as well as dorsoventral muscle coactivation. CLBP group reported greater transverse ROM of the lumbar segment during walking and GT compared to healthy controls. Thorax sagittal ROM was higher in CLBP than healthy participants during GT. Greater overall movement variability in the transverse plane was observed in the CLBP group while walking, whereas GT produced greater variability of lumbar frontal motion. CLBP participants showed higher bilateral lumbar coactivation compared to healthy participants after the stopping stimulus delivery during GT. These results suggest that CLBP can elicit a wider and more variable movement of the upper body during walking and GT, especially in the transverse plane and at lumbar level. Alterations in upper body motor control appeared to depend on task, plane of motion and segmental level. Therefore, these findings should be considered by practitioners when screening before planning specific training interventions for recovery of motor control patterns in CLBP population.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Rum; Paolo Brasiliano; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Luca Laudani; Andrea Macaluso. Non-specific chronic low back pain elicits kinematic and neuromuscular changes in walking and gait termination. Gait & Posture 2020, 84, 238 -244.

AMA Style

Lorenzo Rum, Paolo Brasiliano, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Luca Laudani, Andrea Macaluso. Non-specific chronic low back pain elicits kinematic and neuromuscular changes in walking and gait termination. Gait & Posture. 2020; 84 ():238-244.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Rum; Paolo Brasiliano; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Luca Laudani; Andrea Macaluso. 2020. "Non-specific chronic low back pain elicits kinematic and neuromuscular changes in walking and gait termination." Gait & Posture 84, no. : 238-244.

Original article
Published: 23 May 2020 in Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
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Control of upper body motion deteriorates with ageing leading to impaired ability to preserve balance during gait, but little is known on the contribution of the upper body to preserve balance in response to unexpected perturbations during locomotor transitions, such as gait initiation. To investigate differences between young and older adults in the ability to modify the trunk kinematics and muscle activity following unexpected waist lateral perturbations during gait initiation. Ten young (25 ± 2 years) and ten older adults (73 ± 5 years) initiated locomotion from stance while a lateral pull was randomly applied to the pelvis. Two force plates were used to define the feet centre-of-pressure displacement. Angular displacement of the trunk in the frontal plane was obtained through motion analysis. Surface electromyography of cervical and thoracic erector spinae muscles was recorded bilaterally. A lower trunk lateral bending towards the stance leg side in the preparatory phase of gait initiation was observed in older participants following perturbation. Right thoracic muscle activity was increased in response to the perturbation during the initial phase of gait initiation in young (+ 68%) but not in older participants (+ 7%). The age-related reduction in trunk movement could indicate a more rigid behaviour of the upper body employed by older compared to young individuals in response to unexpected perturbations preceding the initiation of stepping. Older adults’ delayed activation of thoracic muscles could suggest impaired reactive mechanisms that may potentially lead to a fall in the early stages of the gait initiation.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Rum; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Andrea Macaluso; Luca Laudani. Neuromechanical response of the upper body to unexpected perturbations during gait initiation in young and older adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2020, 33, 909 -919.

AMA Style

Lorenzo Rum, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Andrea Macaluso, Luca Laudani. Neuromechanical response of the upper body to unexpected perturbations during gait initiation in young and older adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2020; 33 (4):909-919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Rum; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Andrea Macaluso; Luca Laudani. 2020. "Neuromechanical response of the upper body to unexpected perturbations during gait initiation in young and older adults." Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 33, no. 4: 909-919.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2018 in Gait & Posture
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Gait termination is a transitory task that requires the lower body to produce braking forces and inhibit forward propulsion. However, it is still unknown whether the upper body plays an active role in braking of gait and whether this mechanism is impaired with ageing. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do older women exhibit an impaired control of upper body segments during gait termination with respect to young women? Ten young and 10 older women performed three gait termination trials at comfortable speed while fixing the gaze on a visual target. A 3D motion analysis system was used to measure head, trunk and pelvis angular displacement and velocity, and estimate neck, waist and hip moments through Plug-in Gait modeling. Cross-correlation analysis of kinematic waveforms between paired adjacent segments (head-trunk and trunk-pelvis) was performed to investigate upper body coordination. Surface EMG activity of erector spinae (L3), sternocleidomastoid and neck extensor muscles was recorded. Statistics was carried out by MANOVA. Older participants exhibited delayed peak extensor torques of neck, waist and hip compared to young participants, along with lower progression speed. Both groups showed a slight flexion of the trunk counteracted by a backward tilt of head and pelvis during braking. In addition, older women displayed a peculiar upper body coordination pattern, with the head coupling with trunk motion, as shown by cross-correlation. Older women displayed shorter lumbar erector spinae onset latency relative to last heel contact than young (16 ± 68 ms vs 92 ± 37 ms). The upper body plays an active role in the braking of gait and this mechanism is impaired in older women. Moreover, the age-related coupling of head and trunk motion may produce an unbalancing effect on whole-body stability during the braking mechanism, thus leading to a higher risk of falls.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Rum; Luca Laudani; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Andrea Macaluso. Age-related changes in upper body contribution to braking forward locomotion in women. Gait & Posture 2018, 68, 81 -87.

AMA Style

Lorenzo Rum, Luca Laudani, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Andrea Macaluso. Age-related changes in upper body contribution to braking forward locomotion in women. Gait & Posture. 2018; 68 ():81-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Rum; Luca Laudani; Giuseppe Vannozzi; Andrea Macaluso. 2018. "Age-related changes in upper body contribution to braking forward locomotion in women." Gait & Posture 68, no. : 81-87.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of Biomechanics
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Transitory tasks, such as gait termination, involve interactions between neural and biomechanical factors that challenge postural stability and head stabilization patterns in older adults. The aim of the study was to compare upper body patterns of acceleration during planned gait termination at different speeds between young and older women. Ten young and 10 older women were asked to carry out three gait termination trials at slow, comfortable and fast speed. A stereophotogrammetric system and a 15-body segments model were used to calculate antero-posterior whole-body Center of Mass (AP CoM) speed and to reconstruct the centroids of head, trunk and pelvis segments. RMS of three-dimensional linear accelerations were calculated for each segment and the transmission of acceleration between two segments was expressed as a percentage difference. Older women reported lower AP CoM speed and acceleration RMS of the three upper body segments than young women across the three speed conditions. A lower pelvis-to-trunk attenuation of accelerations in the transverse plane was observed in older compared to young women, and mainly in the medio-lateral direction. As possible explanations, older women may not need to reduce acceleration as young women because of their lower progression speed and the subsequent acceleration at upper body levels. On the other hand, older women may prioritize a decrease in the whole body progression speed at expense of the involvement of upper body segments. This limits the attenuation of the accelerations, particularly in the transverse plane, implying an increased dynamic unbalance in performing this transitory task.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Rum; Luca Laudani; Andrea Macaluso; Giuseppe Vannozzi. Upper body accelerations during planned gait termination in young and older women. Journal of Biomechanics 2017, 65, 138 -144.

AMA Style

Lorenzo Rum, Luca Laudani, Andrea Macaluso, Giuseppe Vannozzi. Upper body accelerations during planned gait termination in young and older women. Journal of Biomechanics. 2017; 65 ():138-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Rum; Luca Laudani; Andrea Macaluso; Giuseppe Vannozzi. 2017. "Upper body accelerations during planned gait termination in young and older women." Journal of Biomechanics 65, no. : 138-144.