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Diogo Lopes
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

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Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is located on the southeast coast of mainland China and it is an important economic hub. The high levels of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere, however, and poor visibility have become a complex environmental problem for the region. Air quality modeling systems are useful to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of air pollution, making use of atmospheric emission data as inputs. Over the years, several atmospheric emission inventories have been developed for the Asia region. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the air quality modeling system for simulating PM concentrations over the PRD using three atmospheric emission inventories (i.e., EDGAR, REAS and MIX) during a winter and a summer period. In general, there is a tendency to underestimate PM levels, but results based on the EDGAR emission inventory show slightly better accuracy. However, improvements in the spatial and temporal disaggregation of emissions are still needed to properly represent PRD air quality. This study’s comparison of the three emission inventories’ data, as well as their PM simulating outcomes, generates recommendations for future improvements to atmospheric emission inventories and our understanding of air pollution problems in the PRD region.

ACS Style

Diogo Lopes; Joana Ferreira; Ka Hoi; Ka-Veng Yuen; Kai Mok; Ana Miranda. Emission Inventories and Particulate Matter Air Quality Modeling over the Pearl River Delta Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4155 .

AMA Style

Diogo Lopes, Joana Ferreira, Ka Hoi, Ka-Veng Yuen, Kai Mok, Ana Miranda. Emission Inventories and Particulate Matter Air Quality Modeling over the Pearl River Delta Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):4155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diogo Lopes; Joana Ferreira; Ka Hoi; Ka-Veng Yuen; Kai Mok; Ana Miranda. 2021. "Emission Inventories and Particulate Matter Air Quality Modeling over the Pearl River Delta Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4155.

Research article
Published: 15 June 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Toxic metals as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) exist in the atmosphere as particulate matter components. Their concentration levels in the European Union (EU) are regulated by European legislation, which sets target and limit values as annual means, and by the World Health Organization (WHO) that defines guidelines and reference values for those metal elements. Modelling tools are recommended to support air quality assessment regarding the toxic metals; however, few studies have been performed and those assessments rely on discrete measurements or field campaigns. This study aims to evaluate the capability of air quality modelling tools to verify the legislation compliance concerning the atmospheric levels of toxic elements and to identify the main challenges and limitations of using a modelling assessment approach for regulatory purposes, as a complement to monitoring. The CAMx air quality model was adapted and applied over Porto and Lisbon urban regions in Portugal at 5 × 5-km2 and 1 × 1-km2 horizontal resolution for the year 2015, and the results were analysed and compared with the few measurements available in three locations. The comparison between modelled and measured data revealed an overestimation of the model, although annual averages are much lower than the regulated standards. The comparison of the 5-km and 1-km resolutions’ results indicates that a higher resolution does not necessarily imply a better performance, pointing out uncertainties in emissions and the need to better describe the magnitude and spatial allocation of toxic metal emissions. This work highlighted that an increase of the spatial and temporal coverage of monitoring sites would allow to improve the model design, contribute to a better knowledge on toxic metals atmospheric emission sources and to increase the capacity of models to simulate atmospheric particulate species of health concern.

ACS Style

Joana Ferreira; Diogo Lopes; Sandra Rafael; Helder Relvas; Susana Marta Almeida; Ana Isabel Miranda. Modelling air quality levels of regulated metals: limitations and challenges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 33916 -33928.

AMA Style

Joana Ferreira, Diogo Lopes, Sandra Rafael, Helder Relvas, Susana Marta Almeida, Ana Isabel Miranda. Modelling air quality levels of regulated metals: limitations and challenges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (27):33916-33928.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joana Ferreira; Diogo Lopes; Sandra Rafael; Helder Relvas; Susana Marta Almeida; Ana Isabel Miranda. 2020. "Modelling air quality levels of regulated metals: limitations and challenges." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 27: 33916-33928.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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The impacts of autonomous vehicles (AV) on safety, energy and atmospheric emissions have been recognised to be important issues, but an air quality impact assessment is missing. In this study, by using a numerical modelling approach, the impact of AV on the air quality of a medium-sized Portuguese urban area was evaluated. For that, the air pollutants nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were considered and three scenarios were developed: i) a baseline scenario; ii) an autonomous scenario, assuming an AV market penetration rate of 30%; and iii) an electric autonomous scenario, taking into account that those 30% of AV are pure battery electric cars. A modelling system composed by a road traffic model, a road transport emission model and a Computational Fluid Dynamics air quality model was used. The autonomous scenario promoted an increase of both NOx (+1.8%) and CO2 (+0.7%) emissions, while the electric autonomous scenario resulted in emission reductions of about 30% for both air pollutants. In terms of air quality, distinct patterns were found: i) the autonomous scenario promoted both increases and decreases of NOx concentrations; and ii) the electric autonomous scenario promoted a widespread reduction of NOx concentrations (with an average value of −4%). Overall the results showed that AV have the potential to improve urban air quality, but, further research is needed to enrich the findings of this work.

ACS Style

Sandra Rafael; Luís Correia; Diogo Lopes; Jorge Bandeira; Margarida Coelho; Mário Andrade; Carlos Borrego; Ana Miranda. Autonomous vehicles opportunities for cities air quality. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 712, 136546 .

AMA Style

Sandra Rafael, Luís Correia, Diogo Lopes, Jorge Bandeira, Margarida Coelho, Mário Andrade, Carlos Borrego, Ana Miranda. Autonomous vehicles opportunities for cities air quality. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 712 ():136546.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandra Rafael; Luís Correia; Diogo Lopes; Jorge Bandeira; Margarida Coelho; Mário Andrade; Carlos Borrego; Ana Miranda. 2020. "Autonomous vehicles opportunities for cities air quality." Science of The Total Environment 712, no. : 136546.

Conference paper
Published: 24 November 2019 in First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015
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Tropospheric ozone (O3) can damage vegetation, affecting productivity and quality of the crops. Vines, in particular, have an intermediate sensitivity to ozone. Moreover, an increase of ozone levels is foreseen under climate change scenarios. The Douro Demarcated Region is one of the most productive wine areas in Portugal; thus studying the ozone deposition over this region and assessing its potential effects is a nowadays concern. This work aims to evaluate the risk of Douro vineyards exposure to ozone in present and future climates. The chemical transport model CHIMERE, with a spatial resolution of 1 km2, fed by meteorological data from the WRF model, was applied for the years 2003–2005 (present climate), for 2049 and 2064 (mid-term future) and for 2096 and 2097 (long-term future). The assessment of the potential damage in terms of productivity and quality was done through the analysis of ozone deposition and the application of concentration-response functions. The exposure indicator AOT40 (accumulated concentration of ozone above 40 ppb) for the period established in the Air Quality Framework Directive 2008/50/CE was also estimated. The model results show, for present and future climate, that the AOT40 levels in the entire Douro region are above the target value for the protection of vegetation. The results of the exposure-response functions suggest that the tropospheric ozone levels in the future, in the region, would influence the quality and productivity of the wine.

ACS Style

Ana Isabel Miranda; Ana Ascenso; Carla Gama; Daniel Blanco-Ward; Alexandra Monteiro; Carlos Silveira; Carolina Viceto; Alfredo Rocha; Diogo Lopes; Myriam Lopes; Carlos Borrego. Ozone Risk for Douro Vineyards in Present and Future Climates. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 2019, 439 -444.

AMA Style

Ana Isabel Miranda, Ana Ascenso, Carla Gama, Daniel Blanco-Ward, Alexandra Monteiro, Carlos Silveira, Carolina Viceto, Alfredo Rocha, Diogo Lopes, Myriam Lopes, Carlos Borrego. Ozone Risk for Douro Vineyards in Present and Future Climates. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015. 2019; ():439-444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Isabel Miranda; Ana Ascenso; Carla Gama; Daniel Blanco-Ward; Alexandra Monteiro; Carlos Silveira; Carolina Viceto; Alfredo Rocha; Diogo Lopes; Myriam Lopes; Carlos Borrego. 2019. "Ozone Risk for Douro Vineyards in Present and Future Climates." First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 , no. : 439-444.

Proceedings article
Published: 03 September 2019 in Urban Transport XXV
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ACS Style

Luís Correia; Sandra Rafael; Diogo Lopes; Jorge Bandeira; Margarida Coelho; Mário Andrade; Carlos Borrego; Ana Miranda. ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL AIR QUALITY FOR DIFFERENT PENETRATION LEVELS OF CONNECTED AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES. Urban Transport XXV 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Luís Correia, Sandra Rafael, Diogo Lopes, Jorge Bandeira, Margarida Coelho, Mário Andrade, Carlos Borrego, Ana Miranda. ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL AIR QUALITY FOR DIFFERENT PENETRATION LEVELS OF CONNECTED AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES. Urban Transport XXV. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luís Correia; Sandra Rafael; Diogo Lopes; Jorge Bandeira; Margarida Coelho; Mário Andrade; Carlos Borrego; Ana Miranda. 2019. "ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL AIR QUALITY FOR DIFFERENT PENETRATION LEVELS OF CONNECTED AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES." Urban Transport XXV , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 22 March 2019 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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With rapid economic growth, road transport is contributing substantial adverse effects on urban air quality, especially in densely populated cities with high growth rate of GDP per capita, such as Macau. A high spatial-temporal resolution road traffic emission inventory is essential for assessment of environmental stresses imposed by local vehicle movements. To improve the accuracy and temporal-spatial resolution for emission inventory, through a bottom-up approach, link-based road traffic emission inventory with a spatial resolution of 0.1 km ∗ 0.1 km and a temporal resolution of 1 h for Macau in 2014 was developed by using a traffic model (VISUM), a road traffic emission model (TREM), the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the most up-to-date information available. Results show that the total annual emissions of CO, CO2, PM, NOX, and VOC in 2014 were 14,770, 413,099, 69, 1151, and 2945 tons, respectively. The estimated fuel consumption agreed well also with the statistical fuel consumption in Macau. Meanwhile, analysis of 3 scenarios on changes of road traffic emissions due to the operation of a light railway transit (LRT) system, variation on share of diesel, electric, and gasoline within the vehicle fleet, and replacement of vehicles with ones of Euro 5 and Euro 6 emission standards was carried out. This study provides a solid framework for developing high spatial-temporal resolution emission inventories for other densely populated cities of small area.

ACS Style

X. Li; D. Lopes; K. M. Mok; Ana Miranda; Ka-Veng Yuen; K. I. Hoi. Development of a road traffic emission inventory with high spatial–temporal resolution in the world’s most densely populated region—Macau. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2019, 191, 239 .

AMA Style

X. Li, D. Lopes, K. M. Mok, Ana Miranda, Ka-Veng Yuen, K. I. Hoi. Development of a road traffic emission inventory with high spatial–temporal resolution in the world’s most densely populated region—Macau. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019; 191 (4):239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

X. Li; D. Lopes; K. M. Mok; Ana Miranda; Ka-Veng Yuen; K. I. Hoi. 2019. "Development of a road traffic emission inventory with high spatial–temporal resolution in the world’s most densely populated region—Macau." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191, no. 4: 239.

Article
Published: 30 October 2018 in Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
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Pearl River Delta (PRD), located in south-eastern coast of mainland China, is one of the regions affected by heavy particulate matter (PM) levels. Notwithstanding the potential use of meteorological and air quality modelling to characterize the air pollution problems, little attention has been paid to meteorological model configuration and its impact on air quality modelling applications over the region. Aiming to find the most suitable set of parameterization schemes of the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model for air quality modelling applications over the PRD region, a performance experiment was performed. Three tests, with different combinations of parameterization schemes, were created and evaluated. For the best configuration modelling setup, meteorological simulations for a winter (i.e. January) and summer (i.e. July) periods are provided. The meteorological model showed a clockwise deviation for the wind direction and tends to overestimate the temperature and wind speed. It is expected that the present work could reduce the meteorological and air quality modelling uncertainty over the PRD region.

ACS Style

D. Lopes; Joana Ferreira; K. I. Hoi; A. I. Miranda; Ka-Veng Yuen; K. M. Mok. Weather research and forecasting model simulations over the Pearl River Delta Region. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2018, 12, 115 -125.

AMA Style

D. Lopes, Joana Ferreira, K. I. Hoi, A. I. Miranda, Ka-Veng Yuen, K. M. Mok. Weather research and forecasting model simulations over the Pearl River Delta Region. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2018; 12 (1):115-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Lopes; Joana Ferreira; K. I. Hoi; A. I. Miranda; Ka-Veng Yuen; K. M. Mok. 2018. "Weather research and forecasting model simulations over the Pearl River Delta Region." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 12, no. 1: 115-125.

Proceedings article
Published: 19 June 2018 in Air Pollution XXVI
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Helder Relvas; Joana Ferreira; Diogo Lopes; Sandra Rafael; S. Marta Almeida; Ana Miranda. IMPROVING AIR QUALITY AND HUMAN HEALTH: AN APPROACH BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. Air Pollution XXVI 2018, 230, 205 -212.

AMA Style

Helder Relvas, Joana Ferreira, Diogo Lopes, Sandra Rafael, S. Marta Almeida, Ana Miranda. IMPROVING AIR QUALITY AND HUMAN HEALTH: AN APPROACH BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS. Air Pollution XXVI. 2018; 230 ():205-212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Helder Relvas; Joana Ferreira; Diogo Lopes; Sandra Rafael; S. Marta Almeida; Ana Miranda. 2018. "IMPROVING AIR QUALITY AND HUMAN HEALTH: AN APPROACH BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." Air Pollution XXVI 230, no. : 205-212.

Original paper
Published: 24 October 2017 in Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment
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While seasonal time-varying models should generally be used to predict the daily concentration of ground-level ozone given its strong seasonal cycles, the sudden switching of models according to their designated period in an annual operational forecasting system may affect their performance, especially during the season’s transitional period in which the starting date and duration time can vary from year to year. This paper studies the effectiveness of an adaptive Bayesian Model Averaging scheme with the support of a transitional prediction model in solving the problem. The scheme continuously evaluates the probabilities of all the ozone prediction models (ozone season, nonozone season, and the transitional period) in a forecasting system, which are then used to provide a weighted average forecast. The scheme has been adopted in predicting the daily maximum of 8-h averaged ozone concentration in Macau for a period of 2 years (2008 and 2009), with results proved to be satisfactory.

ACS Style

K. M. Mok; Ka-Veng Yuen; K. I. Hoi; K. M. Chao; Diogo Lopes. Predicting ground-level ozone concentrations by adaptive Bayesian model averaging of statistical seasonal models. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2017, 32, 1283 -1297.

AMA Style

K. M. Mok, Ka-Veng Yuen, K. I. Hoi, K. M. Chao, Diogo Lopes. Predicting ground-level ozone concentrations by adaptive Bayesian model averaging of statistical seasonal models. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 2017; 32 (5):1283-1297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. M. Mok; Ka-Veng Yuen; K. I. Hoi; K. M. Chao; Diogo Lopes. 2017. "Predicting ground-level ozone concentrations by adaptive Bayesian model averaging of statistical seasonal models." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 32, no. 5: 1283-1297.

Conference paper
Published: 11 February 2016 in First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015
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In this work a multi-objective approach to define air quality policies is proposed based on the RIAT+ (Regional Integrated Assessment Modelling Tool) system. The solutions of the decision problem represent cost-effective policies at the sectorial level. The methodology is being applied to the Porto urban area, one of the most polluted areas in Portugal, and optimal control policies up to 2020 will be selected.

ACS Style

Helder Relvas; Ana Isabel Miranda; Enrico Turrini; Diogo Lopes; Carlos Silveira; Joana Ferreira; Myriam Lopes; Elisa Sá; Laura Duque; Carlos Borrego; Marialuisa Volta. Air Quality Modelling to Support Decision-Making: Scenario and Optimization Approaches. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 2016, 161 -165.

AMA Style

Helder Relvas, Ana Isabel Miranda, Enrico Turrini, Diogo Lopes, Carlos Silveira, Joana Ferreira, Myriam Lopes, Elisa Sá, Laura Duque, Carlos Borrego, Marialuisa Volta. Air Quality Modelling to Support Decision-Making: Scenario and Optimization Approaches. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015. 2016; ():161-165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Helder Relvas; Ana Isabel Miranda; Enrico Turrini; Diogo Lopes; Carlos Silveira; Joana Ferreira; Myriam Lopes; Elisa Sá; Laura Duque; Carlos Borrego; Marialuisa Volta. 2016. "Air Quality Modelling to Support Decision-Making: Scenario and Optimization Approaches." First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 , no. : 161-165.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Urban Climate
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ACS Style

C. Borrego; M. Coutinho; A.M. Costa; João Ginja; Isabel Ribeiro; Alexandra Monteiro; Joana Valente; Jorge Humberto Amorim; Helena Martins; Diogo Lopes; Ana Miranda. Challenges for a New Air Quality Directive: The role of monitoring and modelling techniques. Urban Climate 2015, 14, 328 -341.

AMA Style

C. Borrego, M. Coutinho, A.M. Costa, João Ginja, Isabel Ribeiro, Alexandra Monteiro, Joana Valente, Jorge Humberto Amorim, Helena Martins, Diogo Lopes, Ana Miranda. Challenges for a New Air Quality Directive: The role of monitoring and modelling techniques. Urban Climate. 2015; 14 ():328-341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Borrego; M. Coutinho; A.M. Costa; João Ginja; Isabel Ribeiro; Alexandra Monteiro; Joana Valente; Jorge Humberto Amorim; Helena Martins; Diogo Lopes; Ana Miranda. 2015. "Challenges for a New Air Quality Directive: The role of monitoring and modelling techniques." Urban Climate 14, no. : 328-341.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in Atmospheric Pollution Research
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The intensification of the human activity in urban areas as a result of the increasing population has contributed to the air pollution worsening in cities. To reverse this trend, the European Commission established a legal framework to improve the air quality. Thereby the Member States need to develop air quality plans (AQP) for zones and agglomerations where air quality limit values are exceeded, in order to implement pollution control strategies and meet the legal requirements. Understanding the reasons for the levels of air quality non–compliance as well as evaluating available and commonly used tools to predict the air quality and their effects, is crucial for the decision–making process on air quality management policies. Based on a compilation of regional and local AQP, a review of assessment capabilities and used modeling tools to evaluate the effects of emission abatement measures on the air quality and health was performed. In most cases, models are applied to estimate emissions and to assess the resulting air quality from both reference and emission abatement scenarios. Air quality’s impacts on the health and environment are rarely quantified. Regarding the air quality assessment, beyond the modeling, monitored data for validation of simulations are also used. Some studies, however, do not include the use of air quality models, considering the monitoring network as spatially representative of the study domain (e.g. Lisbon Region, Riga, Malta). In order to overcome methodological limitations for quantifying the impacts of emission abatement measures, economic evaluation techniques or even Integrated Assessment Methodologies (IAM) have been developed. IAM, already applied in some AQP or case studies, namely for Antwerp and London, are used for assessing how reductions in emissions contribute to improve air quality, reduce exposure and protect human health

ACS Style

Ana Miranda; Carlos Silveira; Joana Ferreira; Alexandra Monteiro; Diogo Lopes; Helder Relvas; Carlos Borrego; Peter Roebeling. Current air quality plans in Europe designed to support air quality management policies. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2015, 6, 434 -443.

AMA Style

Ana Miranda, Carlos Silveira, Joana Ferreira, Alexandra Monteiro, Diogo Lopes, Helder Relvas, Carlos Borrego, Peter Roebeling. Current air quality plans in Europe designed to support air quality management policies. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2015; 6 (3):434-443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Miranda; Carlos Silveira; Joana Ferreira; Alexandra Monteiro; Diogo Lopes; Helder Relvas; Carlos Borrego; Peter Roebeling. 2015. "Current air quality plans in Europe designed to support air quality management policies." Atmospheric Pollution Research 6, no. 3: 434-443.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Aerosol and Air Quality Research
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ACS Style

Celia A. Alves; Diogo Lopes; Ana Isabel Calvo; Margarita Evtyugina; Sónia Isabel Azevedo da Rocha; Teresa Nunes. Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel and Gasoline in-use Vehicles Measured on Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2015, 15, 99 -116.

AMA Style

Celia A. Alves, Diogo Lopes, Ana Isabel Calvo, Margarita Evtyugina, Sónia Isabel Azevedo da Rocha, Teresa Nunes. Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel and Gasoline in-use Vehicles Measured on Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2015; 15 (1):99-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Celia A. Alves; Diogo Lopes; Ana Isabel Calvo; Margarita Evtyugina; Sónia Isabel Azevedo da Rocha; Teresa Nunes. 2015. "Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel and Gasoline in-use Vehicles Measured on Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 15, no. 1: 99-116.

Reviews
Published: 18 August 2014 in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B
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Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the public’s health has become an increasingly critical component in policy discussion. Recent data indicate that more than 70% of the world population lives in cities. Several studies reported that current levels of air pollutants in urban areas are associated with adverse health risks, namely, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. IARC recently classified outdoor air pollution and related particulate matter (PM) as carcinogenic to humans. Despite the air quality improvements observed over the last few years, there is still continued widespread exceedance within Europe, particularly regarding PM and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The European Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC requires Member States to design appropriate air quality plans for zones where air quality does not comply with established limit values. However, in most cases, air quality is only quantified using a combination of monitored and modeled data and no health impact assessment is carried out. An integrated approach combining the effects of several emission abatement measures on air quality, impacts on human health, and associated implementation costs enables an effective cost–benefit analysis and an added value to the decision-making process. Hence, this review describes the basic steps and tools for integrating health into air quality assessment (health indicators, exposure-response functions). In addition, consideration is given to two major outdoor pollutants: PM and NO2. A summary of the health metrics used to assess the health impact of PM and NO2 and recent epidemiologic data are also described.

ACS Style

Solange Costa; Joana Ferreira; Carlos Silveira; Carla Costa; Diogo Lopes; Helder Relvas; Carlos Borrego; Peter Roebeling; Ana Miranda; João Paulo Teixeira. Integrating Health on Air Quality Assessment—Review Report on Health Risks of Two Major European Outdoor Air Pollutants: PM and NO2. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 2014, 17, 307 -340.

AMA Style

Solange Costa, Joana Ferreira, Carlos Silveira, Carla Costa, Diogo Lopes, Helder Relvas, Carlos Borrego, Peter Roebeling, Ana Miranda, João Paulo Teixeira. Integrating Health on Air Quality Assessment—Review Report on Health Risks of Two Major European Outdoor Air Pollutants: PM and NO2. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 2014; 17 (6):307-340.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Solange Costa; Joana Ferreira; Carlos Silveira; Carla Costa; Diogo Lopes; Helder Relvas; Carlos Borrego; Peter Roebeling; Ana Miranda; João Paulo Teixeira. 2014. "Integrating Health on Air Quality Assessment—Review Report on Health Risks of Two Major European Outdoor Air Pollutants: PM and NO2." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 17, no. 6: 307-340.

Review
Published: 07 July 2014 in Air Pollution XXII
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Air pollution is seen as one of the most pressing problems in many urban areas with serious implications on the environment and human health. Focusing...

ACS Style

Ana Miranda; C. Silveira; J. Ferreira; A. Monteiro; Diogo Lopes; Helder Relvas; P. Roebeling; C. Borrego; E. Turrini; M. Volta. Urban air quality plans in Europe: a review on applied methodologies. Air Pollution XXII 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Miranda, C. Silveira, J. Ferreira, A. Monteiro, Diogo Lopes, Helder Relvas, P. Roebeling, C. Borrego, E. Turrini, M. Volta. Urban air quality plans in Europe: a review on applied methodologies. Air Pollution XXII. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Miranda; C. Silveira; J. Ferreira; A. Monteiro; Diogo Lopes; Helder Relvas; P. Roebeling; C. Borrego; E. Turrini; M. Volta. 2014. "Urban air quality plans in Europe: a review on applied methodologies." Air Pollution XXII , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 31 August 2021
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ACS Style

C. A. Alves; A.I. Calvo; Diogo Lopes; T. Nunes; A. Charron; M. Goriaux; P. Tassel; P. Perret. Emissions of Euro 3-5 Passenger Cars Measured Over Different Driving Cycles. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

C. A. Alves, A.I. Calvo, Diogo Lopes, T. Nunes, A. Charron, M. Goriaux, P. Tassel, P. Perret. Emissions of Euro 3-5 Passenger Cars Measured Over Different Driving Cycles. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. A. Alves; A.I. Calvo; Diogo Lopes; T. Nunes; A. Charron; M. Goriaux; P. Tassel; P. Perret. 2021. "Emissions of Euro 3-5 Passenger Cars Measured Over Different Driving Cycles." , no. : 1.