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Toxic metals are extensively found in the environment, households, and workplaces and contaminate food and drinking water. The crosstalk between environmental exposure to toxic metals and human diseases has been frequently described. The toxic mechanism of action was classically viewed as the ability to dysregulate the redox status, production of inflammatory mediators and alteration of mitochondrial function. Recently, growing evidence showed that heavy metals might exert their toxicity through microRNAs (miRNA)—short, single-stranded, noncoding molecules that function as positive/negative regulators of gene expression. Aberrant alteration of the endogenous miRNA has been directly implicated in various pathophysiological conditions and signaling pathways, consequently leading to different types of cancer and human diseases. Additionally, the gene-regulatory capacity of miRNAs is particularly valuable in the brain—a complex organ with neurons demonstrating a significant ability to adapt following environmental stimuli. Accordingly, dysregulated miRNAs identified in patients suffering from neurological diseases might serve as biomarkers for the earlier diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. This review will greatly emphasize the effect of the toxic metals on human miRNA activities and how this contributes to progression of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs).
David R. Wallace; Yasmeen Taalab; Sarah Heinze; Blanka Tariba Lovaković; Alica Pizent; Elisavet Renieri; Aristidis Tsatsakis; Ammad Ahmad Farooqi; Dragana Javorac; Milena Andjelkovic; Zorica Bulat; Biljana Antonijević; Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic. Toxic-Metal-Induced Alteration in miRNA Expression Profile as a Proposed Mechanism for Disease Development. Cells 2020, 9, 901 .
AMA StyleDavid R. Wallace, Yasmeen Taalab, Sarah Heinze, Blanka Tariba Lovaković, Alica Pizent, Elisavet Renieri, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Dragana Javorac, Milena Andjelkovic, Zorica Bulat, Biljana Antonijević, Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic. Toxic-Metal-Induced Alteration in miRNA Expression Profile as a Proposed Mechanism for Disease Development. Cells. 2020; 9 (4):901.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid R. Wallace; Yasmeen Taalab; Sarah Heinze; Blanka Tariba Lovaković; Alica Pizent; Elisavet Renieri; Aristidis Tsatsakis; Ammad Ahmad Farooqi; Dragana Javorac; Milena Andjelkovic; Zorica Bulat; Biljana Antonijević; Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic. 2020. "Toxic-Metal-Induced Alteration in miRNA Expression Profile as a Proposed Mechanism for Disease Development." Cells 9, no. 4: 901.
Hexavalent chromium raises high concern because of its wide industrial applications and reported toxicity. Long-term (135 days) oral exposure of Wistar rats to chromium in the form of K2Cr2O7 (exposed group~20 mg/kg/day) led to a decrease in thymus mass and thymocytes' number and caused structural and functional changes in the lymph nodes and spleen, namely lymphoreticular hyperplasia and plasmocytic macrophage transformation. Programmed cell death was increased in both thymocytes and splenocytes and decreased in lymphocytes in the T-zones of spleen and lymph nodes. Moreover, Cr (VI) administration decreased myeloid cells' and neutrophils' number, while it increased lymphoid and erythroid cells' number in bone marrow. Cr (VI) immune system effects seem to be related to oxidative stress induction, as depicted by the increased levels of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the spleen and liver and by the decreased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in rats' erythrocytes. In addition, exposure to Cr (VI) decreased copper, nickel and iron concentrations in blood and liver, while Cr levels in blood, spleen and liver were increased, as expected. The observed changes in the series of immunological parameters studied contribute to the development of new approaches for the prevention of low level Cr exposure toxicity.
A.V. Karaulov; E.A. Renieri; A.I. Smolyagin; I.V. Mikhaylova; A.A. Stadnikov; D.N. Begun; K. Tsarouhas; A. Buha Djordjevic; T. Hartung; A. Tsatsakis. Long-term effects of chromium on morphological and immunological parameters of Wistar rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2019, 133, 110748 .
AMA StyleA.V. Karaulov, E.A. Renieri, A.I. Smolyagin, I.V. Mikhaylova, A.A. Stadnikov, D.N. Begun, K. Tsarouhas, A. Buha Djordjevic, T. Hartung, A. Tsatsakis. Long-term effects of chromium on morphological and immunological parameters of Wistar rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2019; 133 ():110748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.V. Karaulov; E.A. Renieri; A.I. Smolyagin; I.V. Mikhaylova; A.A. Stadnikov; D.N. Begun; K. Tsarouhas; A. Buha Djordjevic; T. Hartung; A. Tsatsakis. 2019. "Long-term effects of chromium on morphological and immunological parameters of Wistar rats." Food and Chemical Toxicology 133, no. : 110748.
Health benefits of fish consumption could be counterbalanced by the intake of contaminants after long term fish consumption, burdened even in trace levels. The presence of the indicator PCBs (NDL-PCBs and PCB 118) in farmed and wild seabream and seabass was evaluated. For the determination of PCB, a GC-MS method was developed and evaluated. The association of PCB accumulation in fish with seasonality, locality, production mode and species was also investigated. A new approach for the risk characterisation after exposure to NDL-PCB through fish consumption in Greece was developed, based on the real exposure and the permitted maximum levels of both aggregated dietary exposure and exposure through fish consumption. PCB levels determined in fish were below established permitted limits (6.24 ng/g 95th percentile), while PCB levels and congener distribution varied significantly between farmed and wild fish (p = 0.001). Seasonality was highlighted as an important factor affecting NDL-PCBs accumulation, with high levels coinciding with the reproduction period of each species. Differences were also depicted for sampling sites, with PCB 118 presenting significantly higher values in open seas while NDL-PCB congeners in closed seas. Risk assessment of NDL-PCB intake through fish consumption corrected for the aggregated exposure revealed no risk for the consumers.
Elisavet A. Renieri; Marina Goumenou; Dmitry A. Kardonsky; Valery Veselov; Athanasios Κ. Alegakis; Aleksandra Buha; Manolis N. Tzatzarakis; Alexander E. Nosyrev; Valerii N. Rakitskii; Maroudio Kentouri; Aristidis Tsatsakis. Indicator PCBs in farmed and wild fish in Greece - Risk assessment for the Greek population. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2019, 127, 260 -269.
AMA StyleElisavet A. Renieri, Marina Goumenou, Dmitry A. Kardonsky, Valery Veselov, Athanasios Κ. Alegakis, Aleksandra Buha, Manolis N. Tzatzarakis, Alexander E. Nosyrev, Valerii N. Rakitskii, Maroudio Kentouri, Aristidis Tsatsakis. Indicator PCBs in farmed and wild fish in Greece - Risk assessment for the Greek population. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2019; 127 ():260-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisavet A. Renieri; Marina Goumenou; Dmitry A. Kardonsky; Valery Veselov; Athanasios Κ. Alegakis; Aleksandra Buha; Manolis N. Tzatzarakis; Alexander E. Nosyrev; Valerii N. Rakitskii; Maroudio Kentouri; Aristidis Tsatsakis. 2019. "Indicator PCBs in farmed and wild fish in Greece - Risk assessment for the Greek population." Food and Chemical Toxicology 127, no. : 260-269.
Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) presence was investigated in the muscle tissue of gilthead seabream and seabass, collected from various aquaculture sites of the Aegean and Cretan Sea as well as from the fish market (fisheries). Risk for the Greek population through consumption of these species was estimated using two approaches: Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI). All heavy metal levels in the fish tissue were below the established safe limits for consumption. Metal accumulation was found to differ amongst mode of production, species, location and seasonality. Seabass demonstrated higher Hg and lower Cd concentrations than seabream, Hg and Pb seem to be more accumulated in closed seas and Pb values displayed a linear increasing trend from warmer to colder periods. Regression analysis revealed that the main contributing factor to Cd accumulation is species (beta: −0.37, 95%CI: −0.29 to −0.08); lead is predominately affected by seasonality (beta: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.31–0.60), Hg accumulation is mainly affected by location (beta: 0.24, 95%CI: −0.57 to −0.02) while wild seabream accumulates greater levels for Hg and Pb than farmed. Risk analysis demonstrated that consumption of the studied species, is safe for all metals (HI < 0.460 and TTHQ < 0.299).
Elisavet A. Renieri; Irina V. Safenkova; Athanasios Κ. Alegakis; Elvira S. Slutskaya; Venetia Kokaraki; Maroudio Kentouri; Boris B. Dzantiev; Aristidis Tsatsakis. Cadmium, lead and mercury in muscle tissue of gilthead seabream and seabass: Risk evaluation for consumers. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 124, 439 -449.
AMA StyleElisavet A. Renieri, Irina V. Safenkova, Athanasios Κ. Alegakis, Elvira S. Slutskaya, Venetia Kokaraki, Maroudio Kentouri, Boris B. Dzantiev, Aristidis Tsatsakis. Cadmium, lead and mercury in muscle tissue of gilthead seabream and seabass: Risk evaluation for consumers. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2018; 124 ():439-449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisavet A. Renieri; Irina V. Safenkova; Athanasios Κ. Alegakis; Elvira S. Slutskaya; Venetia Kokaraki; Maroudio Kentouri; Boris B. Dzantiev; Aristidis Tsatsakis. 2018. "Cadmium, lead and mercury in muscle tissue of gilthead seabream and seabass: Risk evaluation for consumers." Food and Chemical Toxicology 124, no. : 439-449.
Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are toxic metals with increasing interest due to their tendency to bioaccumulate in fish tissue which may pose a threat to human health via fish consumption. This review of the recent literature on Cd, Pb, Hg levels summarizes data of fish biomonitoring studies in the Mediterranean Sea in order to determine potential risks due to dietary intake of metals. The analytical methods applied are described, with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy being the most popular. Most of the literature reviewed is focused on the Eastern Mediterranean. Results from the studies indicate that metals mostly accumulate in liver, followed by muscle. Although there are few studies reporting metal levels in fish exceeding the maximum residue levels (MRLs), the bulk of the studies cite levels below the MRLs. The hazard index (HI) of fish consumption, namely the ratio of estimated weekly intake to provisional tolerable weekly intake (EWI/PTWI) was estimated for adult consumers and no risk emerged. The EWI/PTWI ratios of lead and mercury for Italy (0.14 and 0.22 respectively) represent the highest HI levels estimated. In view of maximizing the benefits while minimizing the risks of fish consumption, a more detailed fish-specific database on intakes for consumers is required and extended bimonitoring in as many regions as possible.
Elisavet A. Renieri; Athanasios K. Alegakis; Michalis Kiriakakis; Marco Vinceti; Eren Ozcagli; Martin F. Wilks; Aristidis M. Tsatsakis. Cd, Pb and Hg Biomonitoring in Fish of the Mediterranean Region and Risk Estimations on Fish Consumption. Toxics 2014, 2, 417 -442.
AMA StyleElisavet A. Renieri, Athanasios K. Alegakis, Michalis Kiriakakis, Marco Vinceti, Eren Ozcagli, Martin F. Wilks, Aristidis M. Tsatsakis. Cd, Pb and Hg Biomonitoring in Fish of the Mediterranean Region and Risk Estimations on Fish Consumption. Toxics. 2014; 2 (3):417-442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisavet A. Renieri; Athanasios K. Alegakis; Michalis Kiriakakis; Marco Vinceti; Eren Ozcagli; Martin F. Wilks; Aristidis M. Tsatsakis. 2014. "Cd, Pb and Hg Biomonitoring in Fish of the Mediterranean Region and Risk Estimations on Fish Consumption." Toxics 2, no. 3: 417-442.