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Dr. Anas El Maakoul
Université Internationale de Rabat

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Heat Transfer
0 CFD
0 Fluid and Thermal science
0 Energy Analysis
0 Thermodynamcis

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Heat Transfer
CFD

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Short Biography

My research interests focuses on improving the thermo-fluid performance of various engineering devices using a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics and computational fluid dynamics.

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Journal article
Published: 16 May 2021 in Energy
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This study examines the thermal behavior and energy performance of an Unmixed Mesophilic Digester with Submerged solid waste (UMDS) through anaerobic digestion (AD) experiments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and energy balance calculations. First, AD experiments were performed for different submerged waste positions. Results showed that a higher specific methane yield and VS removal rate (280 Nm3 CH4 tvs−1 and 65.42%, respectively) are achieved for the bottom waste placement case, compared to its top counterpart (110 Nm3 CH4 tvs−1 and 24.1%, respectively). Furthermore, temperature measurements revealed that a vertical temperature gradient occurs between the top and bottom portions of the UMDS. This temperature stratification was further investigated using a developed and validated numerical model. Simulation results indicated that the temperature non-uniformity's degree is considerably affected by the waste's position inside the UMDS. Moreover, the same CFD model showed that total temperature uniformity can be achieved inside the UMDS by using the double wall heating approach. Thereafter, the relationship between the temperature uniformity and the methane yield was discussed in an attempt to justify the differences reported in the AD experiments. Finally, energy balance calculations showed that the energy efficiency ratio of the UMDS reaches 1.08 (respectively 0.47) when the waste is placed in the bottom (respectively the top) of the digester.

ACS Style

Mohammed El Ibrahimi; Ismail Khay; Anas El Maakoul; Mohamed Bakhouya. Energy performance of an unmixed anaerobic digester with submerged solid waste: Effects of temperature distribution. Energy 2021, 231, 120926 .

AMA Style

Mohammed El Ibrahimi, Ismail Khay, Anas El Maakoul, Mohamed Bakhouya. Energy performance of an unmixed anaerobic digester with submerged solid waste: Effects of temperature distribution. Energy. 2021; 231 ():120926.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed El Ibrahimi; Ismail Khay; Anas El Maakoul; Mohamed Bakhouya. 2021. "Energy performance of an unmixed anaerobic digester with submerged solid waste: Effects of temperature distribution." Energy 231, no. : 120926.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Processes
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Agitated vessels (or mechanically stirred reactors) are heat exchange devices that are most widely used in many chemical and biochemical process industries, such as anaerobic digestion process. The mixing and heat transfer performances in these vessels are of crucial importance for increasing the energy efficiency in both batch and continuous processes. In this paper, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate heat transfer performance in agitated vessels for various configurations. In fact, this study examines the effects of heat transfer geometry (wall jacket and helical coils), heating power, and stirring speed, on the heating performance of two stirred fluids—water alone and a mixture of water and food waste. The experiments were conducted using a jacketed insulation tank with a helical coil and a propeller agitator. In each experiment, a transient method, based on measuring the temperature dependency on time, and solving the unsteady enthalpy balance, was used to determine the overall heat transfer coefficients between the agitated fluid and the heating surface. Finally, an extensive analysis of the reduced data was conducted based on temperature, heating time, heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, and thermal resistance. The main finding was that the presence of food waste in agitated vessels reduces the heat rate of the agitated fluid with an average of 18.13% and 49.51%, respectively, for the case of JHX and CHX, and creates additional fouling, which further limits the heat transfer.

ACS Style

Maha Mahir; Anas El Maakoul; Ismail Khay; Said Saadeddine; Mohamed Bakhouya. An Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance in an Agitated Vessel. Processes 2021, 9, 468 .

AMA Style

Maha Mahir, Anas El Maakoul, Ismail Khay, Said Saadeddine, Mohamed Bakhouya. An Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance in an Agitated Vessel. Processes. 2021; 9 (3):468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maha Mahir; Anas El Maakoul; Ismail Khay; Said Saadeddine; Mohamed Bakhouya. 2021. "An Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance in an Agitated Vessel." Processes 9, no. 3: 468.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2020 in Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
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This work aims to propose a fast and accurate method, based on the thermal quadrupole formalism, to model transient heat transfer and predict the thermal behavior in buildings. The core principles and concepts of the analytical method are presented where no approximation is made to model the transient heat conduction through the building’s envelope. A general equation is obtained for each zone heat balance that can either be used to obtain heat rates or temperatures. Furthermore, this method can account for thermal masses inside a room that are at different temperatures than the surrounding air. In four different cases, the analytical quadruple method is compared to numerical simulations under similar conditions and the results demonstrate a very good agreement. Finally, the quadrupole method is straight forward, requires very low computational time, and with no timescale constraints which makes it relatively easy to use for computer programming or embedded in existing optimization codes.

ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Alain Degiovanni; Zineb Bouhssine. Transient linear analytical heat transfer model for a building, validation with a non-linear coupled finite volume code. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 2020, 20, 100756 .

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Alain Degiovanni, Zineb Bouhssine. Transient linear analytical heat transfer model for a building, validation with a non-linear coupled finite volume code. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2020; 20 ():100756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Alain Degiovanni; Zineb Bouhssine. 2020. "Transient linear analytical heat transfer model for a building, validation with a non-linear coupled finite volume code." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 20, no. : 100756.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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The present study investigates the thermo-fluid characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger (DPHX) with split longitudinal fins (SLF) on the annulus side. The studied tubes with SLF are a modification of the conventional longitudinal finned tubes (LF) that allows for consecutive surface interruptions to break the boundary layer and provide an interrupted fluid passage along the flow length. The study is conducted using a high Prandtl number fluid (engine oil) with variable thermo-physical properties. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out under laminar flow conditions for configurations with a fin split interval between 0.333 and 0.166 m. A comparative analysis of the SLF configurations against the reference LF configuration is conducted based on fluid flow, heat transfer rate, and required pumping power. Furthermore, by evaluating integrated quantities such as the axially local heat transfer coefficient, total pressure, and bulk fluid temperature, it is noted that the main advantage of SLF is to repeat an entrance region-like effect along the flow length. The results demonstrate that the heat transfer rates in annulus equipped with SLF are higher than those with conventional LF by 31%–48% for the same pumping power and unit weight.

ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Kawtar Feddi; Said Saadeddine; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Mustapha El Metoui. Performance enhancement of finned annulus using surface interruptions in double-pipe heat exchangers. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 210, 112710 .

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Kawtar Feddi, Said Saadeddine, Abdellatif Ben Abdellah, Mustapha El Metoui. Performance enhancement of finned annulus using surface interruptions in double-pipe heat exchangers. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 210 ():112710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Kawtar Feddi; Said Saadeddine; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Mustapha El Metoui. 2020. "Performance enhancement of finned annulus using surface interruptions in double-pipe heat exchangers." Energy Conversion and Management 210, no. : 112710.

Conference info
Published: 24 September 2019 in Energy Reports
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Morocco’s economy relies heavily on agriculture, which leads to an abundance in the availability of both vegetal and animal waste. Different treatment and disposal methods have been proposed to produce energy. Anaerobic digestion, being one of them, is being extensively used due to its lower environmental impact. In this paper, we are studying a wet, mesophilic, anaerobic co-digestion of animal and vegetable waste, using a pilot-scale anaerobic digester with liquid recirculation and immersed solid waste. In fact, this study could be divided into two main parts, the first one being a thermal study aiming to investigate the influence of the liquid recirculation’s flow rate and the substrate’s presence/absence on the heat transfer to the digester, and a second part presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis (CFD) using FLUENT software tool, allowing a better understanding of the fluid’s behavior inside the digester. Simulations have been conducted and results show that a higher recirculation flow rate increases heat delivery to the effluent (from 0.18 to 0.66 kWh) but has a negative impact on pressure drop (from 429 to 1937.41 Pa). It was also observed that the liquid percolated more easily and through a larger portion of the waste at lower flow rates.

ACS Style

Mohammed El Ibrahimi; Ismail Khay; Anas El Maakoul; Mohamed Ould Moussa; Abdelwahed Barkaoui; Mohamed Bakhouya. Anaerobic co-digestion in a liquid recirculation pilot-scale reactor: Thermal and hydraulic study. Energy Reports 2019, 6, 496 -502.

AMA Style

Mohammed El Ibrahimi, Ismail Khay, Anas El Maakoul, Mohamed Ould Moussa, Abdelwahed Barkaoui, Mohamed Bakhouya. Anaerobic co-digestion in a liquid recirculation pilot-scale reactor: Thermal and hydraulic study. Energy Reports. 2019; 6 ():496-502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed El Ibrahimi; Ismail Khay; Anas El Maakoul; Mohamed Ould Moussa; Abdelwahed Barkaoui; Mohamed Bakhouya. 2019. "Anaerobic co-digestion in a liquid recirculation pilot-scale reactor: Thermal and hydraulic study." Energy Reports 6, no. : 496-502.

Review
Published: 31 August 2019 in Solar Energy
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This paper provides an updated literature review about greenhouse systems and helps to identify the most preferable characteristics of a greenhouse for diverse climates and operating conditions. Data on appropriate properties of the covering materials and comparisons of several cladding materials were extensively discussed. The selection process of the greenhouse shape and orientation for different climates is presented, and comparisons between several shapes and orientations are made. This paper also examines the existing thermal models and simulation tools used to optimize the thermal operating conditions of the greenhouse. Furthermore, many recent studies are presented where greenhouses are combined with several systems to provide a favorable microclimate for crops, under extreme, tropical and subtropical climates. Finally, other applications such as greenhouse dryers and seawater greenhouse desalination are also discussed.

ACS Style

Noureddine Choab; Amine Allouhi; Anas El Maakoul; Tarik Kousksou; Said Saadeddine; Abdelmajid Jamil. Review on greenhouse microclimate and application: Design parameters, thermal modeling and simulation, climate controlling technologies. Solar Energy 2019, 191, 109 -137.

AMA Style

Noureddine Choab, Amine Allouhi, Anas El Maakoul, Tarik Kousksou, Said Saadeddine, Abdelmajid Jamil. Review on greenhouse microclimate and application: Design parameters, thermal modeling and simulation, climate controlling technologies. Solar Energy. 2019; 191 ():109-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noureddine Choab; Amine Allouhi; Anas El Maakoul; Tarik Kousksou; Said Saadeddine; Abdelmajid Jamil. 2019. "Review on greenhouse microclimate and application: Design parameters, thermal modeling and simulation, climate controlling technologies." Solar Energy 191, no. : 109-137.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2019 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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When modeling thermal contacts with heat generation between two solids (e.g. electrothermal applications), we are often interested in evaluating the heat transfer rates and contact temperatures, and generally, it is difficult to evaluate these thermal characteristics due to interfacial conditions. In this work, a general representation of solid-solid thermal contact problems with heat generation is proposed. This representation is based on the thermal-electrical analogy and uses the notion of partition coefficient β. The resulting equivalent thermal circuits are presented and discussed. The pertinence of this analytical approach is demonstrated for the electrothermal application of Joule heating for different contact configurations (similar and dissimilar materials, with and without interstitial fluid). The analytical results for each configuration are compared to numerical results obtained using numerical simulations under similar conditions, both results are in very good agreement.

ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Benjamin Remy; Alain Degiovanni. Modeling of thermal contacts with heat generation: Application to electrothermal problems. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2019, 140, 293 -302.

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Benjamin Remy, Alain Degiovanni. Modeling of thermal contacts with heat generation: Application to electrothermal problems. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2019; 140 ():293-302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Benjamin Remy; Alain Degiovanni. 2019. "Modeling of thermal contacts with heat generation: Application to electrothermal problems." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 140, no. : 293-302.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2018 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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In the heat transfer literature, resistance and quadrupole concepts are used to solve heat conduction problems with or without internal heat generation, see for example Maillet et al. (2000). However, in most cases, the heat transfer is unidirectional. In this paper, we present a general approach to solve conduction problems with internal sources. This is done by simply introducing a partition coefficient β. The pertinence of this approach is mathematically demonstrated for both steady state and transient problems. Under steady state conditions, β represents a resistance partition coefficient while under transient conditions β is a quadrupole partition coefficient. In each case, the resulting equivalent thermal circuits are presented. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to electrothermal problems with heat generation due to the joule effect, the result is remarkable, that is, the partition coefficient β is a constant equal to 1/2.

ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Christian Moyne; Alain Degiovanni. A general approach to solve heat conduction problems with internal heat sources using resistance and quadrupole concepts. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2018, 129, 793 -800.

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Christian Moyne, Alain Degiovanni. A general approach to solve heat conduction problems with internal heat sources using resistance and quadrupole concepts. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2018; 129 ():793-800.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Christian Moyne; Alain Degiovanni. 2018. "A general approach to solve heat conduction problems with internal heat sources using resistance and quadrupole concepts." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 129, no. : 793-800.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2018 in International Journal of Thermal Sciences
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This paper is an extension of the previous work by Degiovanni & Remy (2014) [1], where it was analytically demonstrated that the appropriate representation of interfacial heat transfer consists in defining a generalized impedance Z. The latter is intrinsic to the flow and does not depend on the thermal boundary conditions. In this work, we demonstrate the pertinence of this representation for complex flow problems where a direct analytical formula of the impedance cannot be calculated or can only be presented in terms of complex equations that are not easily applicable. The general idea is to perform numerical experiments to estimate this impedance using an inverse method, thus obtaining Green's function. Numerical simulations are carried out using the software Fluent for each flow problem. We will show that by using the inverse method on the numerical results for a constant temperature boundary condition, we are able to calculate the intrinsic Green's function for each flow problem, from which we can accurately calculate the thermal characteristics for any other thermal boundary condition, particularly for a constant heat flux.

ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Alain DeGiovanni. Impedance identification in a hydrodynamically developed flow. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2018, 135, 148 -162.

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Alain DeGiovanni. Impedance identification in a hydrodynamically developed flow. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2018; 135 ():148-162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Alain DeGiovanni. 2018. "Impedance identification in a hydrodynamically developed flow." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 135, no. : 148-162.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Mustapha El Metoui; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Said Saadeddine; Mohamed Meziane. Numerical investigation of thermohydraulic performance of air to water double-pipe heat exchanger with helical fins. Applied Thermal Engineering 2017, 127, 127 -139.

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Mustapha El Metoui, Abdellatif Ben Abdellah, Said Saadeddine, Mohamed Meziane. Numerical investigation of thermohydraulic performance of air to water double-pipe heat exchanger with helical fins. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2017; 127 ():127-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Mustapha El Metoui; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Said Saadeddine; Mohamed Meziane. 2017. "Numerical investigation of thermohydraulic performance of air to water double-pipe heat exchanger with helical fins." Applied Thermal Engineering 127, no. : 127-139.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Energy Conversion and Management
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ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Azzeddine Laknizi; Said Saadeddine; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Mohamed Meziane; Mustapha El Metoui. Numerical design and investigation of heat transfer enhancement and performance for an annulus with continuous helical baffles in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Energy Conversion and Management 2017, 133, 76 -86.

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Azzeddine Laknizi, Said Saadeddine, Abdellatif Ben Abdellah, Mohamed Meziane, Mustapha El Metoui. Numerical design and investigation of heat transfer enhancement and performance for an annulus with continuous helical baffles in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Energy Conversion and Management. 2017; 133 ():76-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Azzeddine Laknizi; Said Saadeddine; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Mohamed Meziane; Mustapha El Metoui. 2017. "Numerical design and investigation of heat transfer enhancement and performance for an annulus with continuous helical baffles in a double-pipe heat exchanger." Energy Conversion and Management 133, no. : 76-86.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2016 in 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)
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Despite to their impact on the environment and energy consumption, compression machines (direct expansion) are the most used air conditioner system in the residential sector. This large use is due to the low cost of this system compared to other technologies: absorption machine, ejection machine and adsorption machine. This paper evaluate the performance of solar assisted direct expansion air conditioner under the climate conditions of Rabat-Morocco. The results show that the system can save 20% of energy consumption and 645 Kg of CO 2 emission mitigated compared to a conventional air conditioner.

ACS Style

Azzeddine Laknizi; Mohsine Bouya; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Anas El Maakoul; Said Dhimdi; Said Saadeddine. Evaluation of a domestic hybrid solar air conditioner system under various climate conditions. 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) 2016, 294 -298.

AMA Style

Azzeddine Laknizi, Mohsine Bouya, Abdellatif Ben Abdellah, Anas El Maakoul, Said Dhimdi, Said Saadeddine. Evaluation of a domestic hybrid solar air conditioner system under various climate conditions. 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). 2016; ():294-298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azzeddine Laknizi; Mohsine Bouya; Abdellatif Ben Abdellah; Anas El Maakoul; Said Dhimdi; Said Saadeddine. 2016. "Evaluation of a domestic hybrid solar air conditioner system under various climate conditions." 2016 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) , no. : 294-298.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Shell-and-tube heat exchanger, is one of the most widely used heat exchange apparatus in various industrial process and research fronts. Baffle selection is critical to control and improve the thermo-hydraulic performance of this type of heat exchanger. In this paper, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, using the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT, have been performed to study and compare the shell-side flow distribution, heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop between the recently developed trefoil-hole, helical baffles and the conventional segmental baffles, at low shell side flow rates. In this numerical comparison, the whole heat exchangers consisting of the shell, tubes, baffles and nozzles are modeled, the numerical model predicts the thermo-hydraulic performance with a considerably good accuracy, by comparing with experimental data for single segmental baffles. The model is then used to compute and compare the thermo-hydraulic performance for the same heat exchanger with trefoil-hole and helical baffles. The results show that the use of helical baffles results in higher thermo-hydraulic performance while trefoil-hole baffles has a higher heat transfer performance with large pressure drop compared to segmental baffles.

ACS Style

Anas El Maakoul; Azzedine Laknizi; Said Saadeddine; Mustapha El Metoui; Abdelkabir Zaite; Mohamed Meziane; Abdelatif Ben Abdellah. Numerical comparison of shell-side performance for shell and tube heat exchangers with trefoil-hole, helical and segmental baffles. Applied Thermal Engineering 2016, 109, 175 -185.

AMA Style

Anas El Maakoul, Azzedine Laknizi, Said Saadeddine, Mustapha El Metoui, Abdelkabir Zaite, Mohamed Meziane, Abdelatif Ben Abdellah. Numerical comparison of shell-side performance for shell and tube heat exchangers with trefoil-hole, helical and segmental baffles. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016; 109 ():175-185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anas El Maakoul; Azzedine Laknizi; Said Saadeddine; Mustapha El Metoui; Abdelkabir Zaite; Mohamed Meziane; Abdelatif Ben Abdellah. 2016. "Numerical comparison of shell-side performance for shell and tube heat exchangers with trefoil-hole, helical and segmental baffles." Applied Thermal Engineering 109, no. : 175-185.