Objective to explore the best type of curve or trend model that could explain the epidemiological behavior of the infection by COVID-19 and derive the possible causes that contribute to explain the corresponding model and the health implications that can be inferred. Method data were collected from the COVID-19 reports of the Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Chile. Curve adjustment studies were developed with the data in four different models: quadratic, exponential, simple exponential smoothing, and double exponential smoothing. The significance level used was α≤0.05. Results the curve that best fits the evolution of the accumulated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Chile is the doubly-smoothed exponential curve. Conclusion the number of infected patients will continue to increase. Chile needs to remain vigilant and adjust the strategies around the prevention and control measures. The behavior of the population plays a fundamental role. We suggest not relaxing restrictions and further improving epidemiological surveillance. Emergency preparations are needed and more resource elements need to be added to the current health support. This prediction is provisional and depends on keeping all intervening variables constant. Any alteration will modify the prediction.

Objective: to describe the norms and perceptions of a sample of Spanish parents and guardians on the use of mobile devices (smartphone and/or tablet) by their children and their association with such use. Method: a quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional, online, exploratory study was conducted with a non-probability sample of parents or guardians of children using smartphones or tablets. The virtual questionnaire consisted of 44 questions and was available at https://www.kenkolab.org/participa/ . Results: the total number of participants (parents or guardians) was 183 people. It was observed that 26.2% of parents admitted that their children had free and unrestricted access to smartphones or tablets. Associations were identified between time spent using mobile devices and parental attitudes, such as permission without time limitation and use as a reward or punishment. Approximately half of the respondents believe that their children use the mobile device longer than recommended. Conclusion: most parents exercise some control over their children’s use of devices. Acting on parental norms and perceptions is vital to success in addressing children’s time spent on mobile devices. Community nursing could be a vehicle for education in healthy screen consumption habits in early childhood.

Objetivos Determinar las tendencias de la incidencia del contagio por VIH en Chile, según edad y género, para el período 2010-2017.Métodos Análisis desde la base de datos de casos confirmados de diagnóstico de VIH positivos. Las tasas de incidencia de VIH se confeccionaron a partir de los casos confirmados por VIH ajustados por año, edad y sexo, con denominadores poblacionales del INE. Se realizó un análisis de tendencia general y específica mediante ecuaciones de regresión.Resultados Existe tendencia al aumento en tasas de incidencia del VIH en el periodo de estudio. El 36,48% de los casos reportados corresponde al sexo masculino entre 20 y 29 años, grupo con más alta incidencia en el período. Las ecuaciones de regresión estimadas efectivamente aumentan más sostenidamente en población masculina y joven.Conclusiones Existen factores informativos y educacionales deficitarios en la prevención del VIH en la población chilena. A pesar de la fuerte progresión de los casos nuevos, aún resta consolidar la brecha diagnóstica de personas que viven con VIH que desconocen su estado de salud. Se identificaron brechas entre recomendaciones, políticas públicas y resultados chilenos obtenidos.

Introduction The results of mandatory confinement have been detrimental in several respects. Nonetheless, they have resulted in reducing the number of active cases of COVID-19. Chile has begun the de-escalation and needs to know the best time to end the restrictions. Objective We discuss the best conditions and guarantees for the end of compulsory confinement. Methods This study is based on a trend model with prediction estimation. The data of the variables of interest were subjected to linear regression studies to determine the curve that best explained the data. The coefficient of determination, the standard deviation of y in x, and the confidence interval of the observed curve were estimated. The trend curve was chosen in accordance with the regression estimates. Outcomes It was found that all dependent variables tended to decrease over time in a quadratic fashion, except for the new cases variable. In general, the R2 and MAPE estimates are satisfactory, except for the variable number of PCR tests per day. Conclusions Gradual and cautious steps should be taken before ending mandatory confinement. In the current de-escalator, daily PCR tests should be increased, maintaining vigilance on indicators of incidence, prevalence, and positivity of PCR tests. Evidence suggests with some degree of confidence that mandatory confinement could be safely lifted as of August 30, 2020. Long-term preparations must be made to contain future waves of new cases.

Objetivo: describir las normas y percepciones de una muestra de padres y tutores españoles sobre el uso de dispositivos móviles ( smartphones y/o tablets ) por parte de sus hijos y su asociación con este uso. Método: estudio cuantitativo, analítico, transversal, online y exploratorio con una muestra no probabilística de padres o tutores de niños que utilizan smartphones o tablets . El cuestionario virtual constaba de 44 preguntas y se encontraba disponible en https://www.kenkolab.org/participa/ . Resultados: el número total de participantes (padres o tutores) fue de 183 personas. Se observó que el 26,2% de los padres admitieron que sus hijos tenían acceso gratuito y sin restricciones a smartphones o tablets . Se identificaron asociaciones entre el tiempo dedicado al uso de dispositivos móviles y las actitudes de los padres, como el permiso sin limitaciones de tiempo y el uso como recompensa o castigo. Aproximadamente la mitad de los encuestados considera que sus hijos utilizan su dispositivo móvil por más tiempo que el recomendado. Conclusión: la mayoría de los padres ejercen cierto control sobre el uso de dispositivos de sus hijos. Actuar según las normas y percepciones de los padres es vital para abordar con éxito el tiempo que los niños pasan en los dispositivos móviles. La enfermería comunitaria puede ser un medio para la educación sobre hábitos saludables de consumo de pantallas en la primera infancia.

After months of blockades and restriction, the decision of the best time to end the lockdown after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is the big question for health rectors. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and conditions for ending the blockade after the first wave of COVID-19. Data on the variables of interest were subjected to linear and non-linear regression studies to determine the curve that best explains the data. The coefficient of determination, the standard deviation of y in x, and the observed curve of the confidence interval were estimated. Regression which was estimated subsequently revealed the trend curve. The study found that all dependent variables tend to decrease over time in a quadratic fashion, except for the variable for new cases. In general, the R2 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) estimates were satisfactory: gradual and cautious steps should be taken before ending the lockdown. The results suggested that a surveillance of crucial indicators (e.g., incidence, prevalence, and PCR test positivity) should be maintained before lockdown is terminated. Moreover, the findings indicated that long-term preparations should be made to contain future waves of new cases.