There is scarce evidence on the knowledge and opinions about third-hand smoke (THS) of health care professionals. The main aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and opinions of health care professionals about THS and, secondarily, to explore the factors that are associated with this knowledge. Cross-sectional study using a snowball sample of multi-national health care professionals (n = 233). Data were obtained from an exploratory, online questionnaire. The health care professionals’ knowledge and opinions on THS were described with absolute frequency and percentage. Chi-square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact tests, and simple logistic regression models, were used to explore the bivariate association between the knowledge of the concept THS and sex, continent of birth, educational level, occupation, years of experience, and attitude towards smoking. Finally, a multivariable logistic regression model incorporating all the above variables was fitted. A total of 65.2% of the participants were unaware of the term THS before the study began. In the bivariate analysis, an association was found between prior knowledge of the term THS and continent of birth (p-value = 0.030) and occupation (p-value = 0.014). In the multivariable logistic regression model, a significant association was observed between prior knowledge of the concept THS and sex (p-value = 0.005), continent of birth (p-value = 0.012), and occupation (p-value = 0.001). Almost two out of three health care professionals who participated in our study did not know what THS was. Educational activities on this topic should be implemented.

Background: Vitamin D plays a role in bone health, pain signaling, and inflammation. We examined the largely unknown relation of dietary vitamin D intake with pain incidence and pain changes over time in older adults. Methods: Data were taken from the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort, which included 950 individuals aged ≥60 years. Habitual vitamin D intake was assessed in 2012 with a validated diet history, and pain both in 2012 and 2017 with a scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 6 (highest pain), according to its severity, frequency, and number of locations. Analyses on pain incidence and pain changes were performed in the 524 participants free of pain at baseline and the overall sample, respectively. Results: Higher dietary vitamin D intake was associated with lower 5-year pain incidence; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.88 (0.79,0.99) for every 1-µg/day increase in vitamin D intake, and 0.49 (0.28,0.88) for the highest (>3.52 µg/day) vs. lowest (<1.85 µg/day) tertile. Dietary vitamin D intake (highest vs. lowest tertile) was also associated with 5-year favorable pain changes: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of pain worsening vs. no change/pain improvement was 0.55 (0.36,0.86), and the β coefficient for changes in the pain scale was −0.56 (−1.03,−0.09). Similar results were found for pain severity, frequency, and number of pain locations. Conclusions: In an older adult population, where compliance with vitamin D intake recommendations was very low, a slightly increased dietary intake was associated with lower pain incidence and favorable pain changes over 5 years.

Objective: to characterize the smartphones and tablets use pattern in a sample of children up to 5 years old and assess with which variables it is associated. Method: cross-sectional study of 410 parents of children up to 5 years of age. Data were obtained from an online questionnaire. Questions about the time and pattern of daily use of smartphones and tablets were collected. We calculated the overall percentage (and 95% confidence interval) and median (and interquartile range) of each device’s use time and according to the variables associated with the child, and the respondent’s characteristics. Results: an estimated 44.7% (95% CI: 37; 51) of children used both smartphones and/or tablets daily. The median use time for smartphones and tablets separately was 30 minutes per day for smartphones (8.6-38.6) and 30 (17.1- 60.0) for tablet. In children who have free access to the devices, 11.6% (95% CI: 6; 16) use these devices up to 30 minutes after waking up on weekdays, 15.4% (95% CI: 10; 21) during weekends and 14.0% (95% CI: 8; 19) use smartphone and/or tablet up to 1 hour before going to bed. Conclusion: more than 4 out of 10 children in our sample used smartphones and/or tablets daily. Community nursing may be a viable avenue for implementing educational programs focused on promoting healthy practices in children’s electronic device usage given the pattern of excessive screen use in the pediatric population.

Objective: to describe the norms and perceptions of a sample of Spanish parents and guardians on the use of mobile devices (smartphone and/or tablet) by their children and their association with such use. Method: a quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional, online, exploratory study was conducted with a non-probability sample of parents or guardians of children using smartphones or tablets. The virtual questionnaire consisted of 44 questions and was available at https://www.kenkolab.org/participa/ . Results: the total number of participants (parents or guardians) was 183 people. It was observed that 26.2% of parents admitted that their children had free and unrestricted access to smartphones or tablets. Associations were identified between time spent using mobile devices and parental attitudes, such as permission without time limitation and use as a reward or punishment. Approximately half of the respondents believe that their children use the mobile device longer than recommended. Conclusion: most parents exercise some control over their children’s use of devices. Acting on parental norms and perceptions is vital to success in addressing children’s time spent on mobile devices. Community nursing could be a vehicle for education in healthy screen consumption habits in early childhood.

Objetivo: describir las normas y percepciones de una muestra de padres y tutores españoles sobre el uso de dispositivos móviles ( smartphones y/o tablets ) por parte de sus hijos y su asociación con este uso. Método: estudio cuantitativo, analítico, transversal, online y exploratorio con una muestra no probabilística de padres o tutores de niños que utilizan smartphones o tablets . El cuestionario virtual constaba de 44 preguntas y se encontraba disponible en https://www.kenkolab.org/participa/ . Resultados: el número total de participantes (padres o tutores) fue de 183 personas. Se observó que el 26,2% de los padres admitieron que sus hijos tenían acceso gratuito y sin restricciones a smartphones o tablets . Se identificaron asociaciones entre el tiempo dedicado al uso de dispositivos móviles y las actitudes de los padres, como el permiso sin limitaciones de tiempo y el uso como recompensa o castigo. Aproximadamente la mitad de los encuestados considera que sus hijos utilizan su dispositivo móvil por más tiempo que el recomendado. Conclusión: la mayoría de los padres ejercen cierto control sobre el uso de dispositivos de sus hijos. Actuar según las normas y percepciones de los padres es vital para abordar con éxito el tiempo que los niños pasan en los dispositivos móviles. La enfermería comunitaria puede ser un medio para la educación sobre hábitos saludables de consumo de pantallas en la primera infancia.

Objetivo caracterizar el patrón de uso de smartphones y tablets en una muestra de niños de hasta 5 años y evaluar con qué variables se asocia. Método estudio transversal con 410 padres de niños de hasta 5 años de edad. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de un cuestionario online . Se realizaron preguntas sobre el tiempo y patrón de uso diario de smartphones y tablets . Se calculó el porcentaje global (y el intervalo de confianza del 95%) y la mediana (y rango intercuartílico) de tiempo de uso de cada dispositivo, según las variables asociadas al niño y a las características del entrevistado. Resultados se estima que el 44,7% (IC 95%: 37; 51) de los niños utilizaban diariamente smartphones y/o tablets . El tiempo medio de uso de smartphones y tablets por separado fue de 30 minutos por día para los smartphones (8,6-38,6) y de 30 (17,1-60,0) para las tablets . El 11,6% (IC 95%: 6; 16) de los niños que tienen acceso libre a dispositivos los utiliza dentro de los 30 minutos después de haberse despertado durante la semana, el 15,4% (IC 95%: 10; 21) durante los fines de semana y el 14,0% (IC 95%: 8; 19) utiliza smartphone y/o tablet hasta 1 hora antes de dormir. Conclusión más de 4 de cada 10 niños de nuestra muestra utilizan smartphones y/o tablets diariamente. La enfermería comunitaria puede ser una opción para implementar programas educativos orientados a promover prácticas saludables sobre el uso de dispositivos electrónicos por parte de los niños, debido al patrón de uso excesivo de pantallas en la población pediátrica.