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Community and stakeholder engagement is increasingly recognized as essential to science at the nexus of food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to address complex issues surrounding food and energy production and water provision for society. Yet no comprehensive framework exists for supporting best practices in community and stakeholder engagement for FEWS. A review and meta-synthesis were undertaken of a broad range of existing models, frameworks, and toolkits for community and stakeholder engagement. A framework is proposed that comprises situational awareness of the FEWS place or problem, creation of a suitable culture for engagement, focus on power-sharing in the engagement process, co-ownership, co-generation of knowledge and outcomes, the technical process of integration, the monitoring processes of reflective and reflexive experiences, and formative evaluation. The framework is discussed as a scaffolding for supporting the development and application of best practices in community and stakeholder engagement in ways that are arguably essential for sound FEWS science and sustainable management.
Andrew Kliskey; Paula Williams; David Griffith; Virginia Dale; Chelsea Schelly; Anna-Maria Marshall; Valoree Gagnon; Weston Eaton; Kristin Floress. Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2160 .
AMA StyleAndrew Kliskey, Paula Williams, David Griffith, Virginia Dale, Chelsea Schelly, Anna-Maria Marshall, Valoree Gagnon, Weston Eaton, Kristin Floress. Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Kliskey; Paula Williams; David Griffith; Virginia Dale; Chelsea Schelly; Anna-Maria Marshall; Valoree Gagnon; Weston Eaton; Kristin Floress. 2021. "Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2160.
(2021). Editorial. Society & Natural Resources: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 1-2.
Kristin Floress; Emily Silver Huff. Editorial. Society & Natural Resources 2021, 34, 1 -2.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Emily Silver Huff. Editorial. Society & Natural Resources. 2021; 34 (1):1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Emily Silver Huff. 2021. "Editorial." Society & Natural Resources 34, no. 1: 1-2.
Urban and agricultural communities are interdependent but often differ on approaches for improving water quality impaired by nutrient runoff waterbodies worldwide. Current water quality governance involves an overlapping array of policy tools implemented by governments, civil society organizations, and corporate supply chains. The choice of regulatory and voluntary tools is likely to influence many dimensions of the relationship between urban and agricultural actors. These relationships then influence future conditions for collective decision-making since many actors participate for multiple years in water quality improvement. In this policy analysis, we draw on our professional experiences and research, as well as academic and practitioner literatures, to investigate how different types of water quality interventions influence urban-agricultural relationships, specifically examining policy tools on a regulatory to voluntary spectrum. Interactions between farmers and other rural agricultural interests on one hand, and urban residents and their stormwater managers and wastewater treatment plants on the other, influence dynamics relevant for water quality improvement. We suggest that the selection of policy tools within complex governance contexts influence urban–agricultural relationships through financial exchange, political coalitions, knowledge exchange, interpersonal relationships, and shared sense of place. Policy tools that provide a means to build relationships and engage with people’s emotions and identities have potential to influence personal and community change and adaptive capacity, while processes such as lawsuits can catalyze structural change. Engaging these relationships is particularly critical given the need to move out of polarized positions to solve collective problems.
Sarah P. Church; Kristin M. Floress; Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad; Chloe B. Wardropper; Pranay Ranjan; Weston M. Eaton; Stephen Gasteyer; Adena Rissman. How water quality improvement efforts influence urban–agricultural relationships. Agriculture and Human Values 2020, 38, 481 -498.
AMA StyleSarah P. Church, Kristin M. Floress, Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad, Chloe B. Wardropper, Pranay Ranjan, Weston M. Eaton, Stephen Gasteyer, Adena Rissman. How water quality improvement efforts influence urban–agricultural relationships. Agriculture and Human Values. 2020; 38 (2):481-498.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah P. Church; Kristin M. Floress; Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad; Chloe B. Wardropper; Pranay Ranjan; Weston M. Eaton; Stephen Gasteyer; Adena Rissman. 2020. "How water quality improvement efforts influence urban–agricultural relationships." Agriculture and Human Values 38, no. 2: 481-498.
Pranay Ranjan; Sarah P. Church; Kristin Floress; Linda S. Prokopy. Synthesizing Conservation Motivations and Barriers: What Have We Learned from Qualitative Studies of Farmers’ Behaviors in the United States? Society & Natural Resources 2019, 32, 1171 -1199.
AMA StylePranay Ranjan, Sarah P. Church, Kristin Floress, Linda S. Prokopy. Synthesizing Conservation Motivations and Barriers: What Have We Learned from Qualitative Studies of Farmers’ Behaviors in the United States? Society & Natural Resources. 2019; 32 (11):1171-1199.
Chicago/Turabian StylePranay Ranjan; Sarah P. Church; Kristin Floress; Linda S. Prokopy. 2019. "Synthesizing Conservation Motivations and Barriers: What Have We Learned from Qualitative Studies of Farmers’ Behaviors in the United States?" Society & Natural Resources 32, no. 11: 1171-1199.
This paper describes how in‐depth interviews and content analysis of water‐related policies and plans were used to assess good governance principles (transparency, effectiveness, equity, accountability, and appropriate scale) for Lake Wausau in central Wisconsin. The purpose of the research was to support and inform development of a lake management plan. One of the key findings was that the existing system of water governance lacked transparency. In addition, responsibility for and benefits from potential improved lake conditions were distributed unevenly and inequitably among stakeholders. Local and county plans were vague and lacked strong language (e.g., “should” vs. “must” comply) to indicate which actions were required. Both barriers to and opportunities for creating a more effective system were identified. This paper offers suggestions for improving the governance system, discusses the limits of local watershed planning for overcoming watershed management issues, and provides suggestions for anyone wishing to undertake governance analyses to support water resources management.
Kristin Floress; Aaron Thompson; Cherie LeBlanc Fisher. Assessing Principles of Good Governance: The Case of Lake Wausau, Wisconsin. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 2019, 167, 97 -109.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Aaron Thompson, Cherie LeBlanc Fisher. Assessing Principles of Good Governance: The Case of Lake Wausau, Wisconsin. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education. 2019; 167 (1):97-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Aaron Thompson; Cherie LeBlanc Fisher. 2019. "Assessing Principles of Good Governance: The Case of Lake Wausau, Wisconsin." Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 167, no. 1: 97-109.
Kristin Floress; Sonya Sachdeva. Novel and Controversial Methods in the Social Sciences: Introduction to Special Issue. Society & Natural Resources 2019, 32, 1077 -1079.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Sonya Sachdeva. Novel and Controversial Methods in the Social Sciences: Introduction to Special Issue. Society & Natural Resources. 2019; 32 (10):1077-1079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Sonya Sachdeva. 2019. "Novel and Controversial Methods in the Social Sciences: Introduction to Special Issue." Society & Natural Resources 32, no. 10: 1077-1079.
Much is known about the characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors of U.S. family forest owners and agricultural landowners independently. However, little is known about those who own both woodland and farmland. To address this knowledge gap, we analyze National Woodland Owner Survey data to better understand similarities and differences between family forest owners who also own farmland, and those who do not. We found that, in general, farmland and woodland owners (FWOs) are very similar to woodland-only family forest landowners (FFOs) in terms of ownership objectives, attitudes and forest management activities. However, FWOs are less likely to have under 40 acres (16.2 ha) of forestland, more likely to live on their wooded land, and more likely to own their woodlands as a place to raise their family than woodland-only FFOs. While there is potential for dual forms of outreach, technical and financial assistance, and peer networks as both an agricultural landowner and a forest landowner, forest management behaviors of FWOs do not significantly differ from that of woodland-only FFOs. Professionals from agricultural or forestry extension, soil and water conservation organizations, and others responsible for delivering both agricultural and forestry programs and policy tools could explore opportunities to connect FWOs to both types of landowner programs that can assist them with forest management.
Emily S. Huff; Kristin Floress; Stephanie A. Snyder; Zhao Ma; Sarah Butler. Where farm and forest meet: Comparing National Woodland Owner Survey respondents with and without farmland. Land Use Policy 2019, 87, 104007 .
AMA StyleEmily S. Huff, Kristin Floress, Stephanie A. Snyder, Zhao Ma, Sarah Butler. Where farm and forest meet: Comparing National Woodland Owner Survey respondents with and without farmland. Land Use Policy. 2019; 87 ():104007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmily S. Huff; Kristin Floress; Stephanie A. Snyder; Zhao Ma; Sarah Butler. 2019. "Where farm and forest meet: Comparing National Woodland Owner Survey respondents with and without farmland." Land Use Policy 87, no. : 104007.
Attitudes toward public forest management actions can be sources of conflict among and between public stakeholders and managers. Understanding these forest stakeholders can help managers engage in planning processes more effectively. Residents of fifteen counties in Wisconsin were surveyed in summer 2013 to understand how management attitudes impacted respondents' acceptance of management at three levels of publicly managed forest: county, state, and national. Results from regression models reveal that similar attitudes consistently impacted stakeholders' acceptance of fire, timber, wildlife, and recreation management for county and state forests, but only the timber and wildlife management models were significant for the national forest. Forest managers can use these results to understand public perceptions of forest management, identify opportunities for outreach to stakeholders, and for alternative or complementary methods of public involvement in planning. There is increasing social pressure on forest managers that arises from public perceptions and can directly influence U.S. forest policy. Policymakers and managers can use this attitudinal information as one method of public involvement and to develop additional engagement tools.
Kristin Floress; Melinda Vokoun; Emily Silver Huff; Melissa Baker. Public perceptions of county, state, and national forest management in Wisconsin, USA. Forest Policy and Economics 2019, 104, 110 -120.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Melinda Vokoun, Emily Silver Huff, Melissa Baker. Public perceptions of county, state, and national forest management in Wisconsin, USA. Forest Policy and Economics. 2019; 104 ():110-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Melinda Vokoun; Emily Silver Huff; Melissa Baker. 2019. "Public perceptions of county, state, and national forest management in Wisconsin, USA." Forest Policy and Economics 104, no. : 110-120.
Kristin M. Floress; Yuling Gao; Benjamin M. Gramig; J. Gordon Arbuckle; Sarah P. Church; Francis R. Eanes; Pranay Ranjan; Ajay S. Singh; Linda Stalker Prokopy; Frances R. Eanes. Meta-analytic data of agricultural conservation practice adoption research in the United States 1982-2018. Forest Service Research Data Archive 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleKristin M. Floress, Yuling Gao, Benjamin M. Gramig, J. Gordon Arbuckle, Sarah P. Church, Francis R. Eanes, Pranay Ranjan, Ajay S. Singh, Linda Stalker Prokopy, Frances R. Eanes. Meta-analytic data of agricultural conservation practice adoption research in the United States 1982-2018. Forest Service Research Data Archive. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin M. Floress; Yuling Gao; Benjamin M. Gramig; J. Gordon Arbuckle; Sarah P. Church; Francis R. Eanes; Pranay Ranjan; Ajay S. Singh; Linda Stalker Prokopy; Frances R. Eanes. 2019. "Meta-analytic data of agricultural conservation practice adoption research in the United States 1982-2018." Forest Service Research Data Archive , no. : 1.
Effectively managing invasive plants across forested landscapes requires voluntary control by 10.7 million family forest owners (FFOs) who own 36% of forestlands in the USA. The literature on individual and collective invasive plant management has focused on farmers, ranchers, urban gardeners and community residents, with less attention on forestlands and the role of FFOs. By analyzing survey data from 1422 FFOs in Indiana, USA, we provide a thorough assessment of their awareness, perceptions, behaviors and intentions towards invasive plants; as well as their needs and challenges. In our study, FFOs reported moderate familiarity with, concern about, and interest in invasive plant control on and around their properties. Despite a lack of confidence in their ability to manage invasive plants, FFOs reported having taken actions on the ground, including inspecting their woodlands, talking to their families and other landowners, and removing invasive plants, all without much input from natural resource professionals. Most FFOs relied on self-directed learning and social networks for invasive plant-related information and advice. They generally had little or no experience or interest in interacting with natural resource professionals. This suggests a need for natural resource professionals to refocus their efforts on developing communication strategies to target specific segments of FFOs, stronger online presence to facilitate self-directed learning, and partnerships with non-profit organizations trusted by FFOs to encourage self-organization and sharing of information and resources. These results from Indiana provide important insights for engaging FFOs to manage invasive plants more broadly.
Mysha Clarke; Zhao Ma; Stephanie Snyder; Kristin Floress. What are family forest owners thinking and doing about invasive plants? Landscape and Urban Planning 2019, 188, 80 -92.
AMA StyleMysha Clarke, Zhao Ma, Stephanie Snyder, Kristin Floress. What are family forest owners thinking and doing about invasive plants? Landscape and Urban Planning. 2019; 188 ():80-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMysha Clarke; Zhao Ma; Stephanie Snyder; Kristin Floress. 2019. "What are family forest owners thinking and doing about invasive plants?" Landscape and Urban Planning 188, no. : 80-92.
Family forest owners in the United States have an important role in providing social and ecological benefits across landscapes. Thus, a detailed understanding of their land management behavior is critical to determine whether or not these benefits will be realized. In this paper, we report on a vote-count meta-analysis of peer-reviewed quantitative studies in the U.S. to examine an array of forest landowner behaviors. We extend other reviews of this literature by including papers with any behavioral dependent variable, rather than only timber harvesting or land management behavior. We document the significance, direction, and frequency of independent variables examined with regard to 13 categories of behavior including participation in policy tools, cross-boundary cooperation, invasive species management, and wildlife management. Study-level characteristics are reported for the 128 published studies that met initial inclusion criteria for this analysis (quantitative studies within the U.S. modeling landowner behavior that were published between 2002 and 2016). Thirty-eight studies that statistically modeled landowner behavior were further analyzed. Studies examining intentions were excluded, as were qualitative explorations of landowner behavior. The most commonly studied behavior included in our analysis was participation in landowner incentive programs, and the least common was participation in cross-boundary cooperation. Among independent variables, owner characteristics and ownership objectives were most commonly included. Independent variables found to be significant across behaviors examined included: current/past landowner behaviors, knowledge, and parcel size/forested acres. Actions like cross-boundary cooperation and landowner interactions have not been quantitatively modeled as often as other actions, and represent key areas for future research.
Kristin Floress; Emily S. Huff; Stephanie A. Snyder; Alanna Koshollek; Sarah Butler; Shorna B. Allred. Factors associated with family forest owner actions: A vote-count meta-analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning 2018, 188, 19 -29.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Emily S. Huff, Stephanie A. Snyder, Alanna Koshollek, Sarah Butler, Shorna B. Allred. Factors associated with family forest owner actions: A vote-count meta-analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2018; 188 ():19-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Emily S. Huff; Stephanie A. Snyder; Alanna Koshollek; Sarah Butler; Shorna B. Allred. 2018. "Factors associated with family forest owner actions: A vote-count meta-analysis." Landscape and Urban Planning 188, no. : 19-29.
Natural resources across the United States are increasingly managed at the landscape scale through cooperation among multiple organizations and landowners. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) agency leaders have widely promoted this approach since 2009 when Secretary of Agriculture Vilsack called for “all lands” management. Landscape scale projects have been undertaken to address multiple goals such as single species conservation, resilience to fire, invasive species eradication, and others. The West Virginia Restoration Venture (WVRV)—one of five landscape scale conservation projects funded 2014–2016 across the Northeast and Midwest and known as “Joint Chiefs’” projects—was evaluated by an interdisciplinary team of USFS employees to gain insight into how cross-boundary landscape scale conservation projects are implemented in the region. In this paper, the team used qualitative interview data from project participants to explore processes related to developing a shared vision for the landscape, implementation priorities, and methods to work across institutional and property ownership boundaries. Grounded in the landscape and collaborative resource management literatures, the report shows how established inter-organizational networks, flexible approaches to management, and a “shelf-stock” of ready-to-implement projects led to on-the-ground success. The authors provide insight about factors that constrain and facilitate the implementation of landscape scale conservation projects that have multiple goals, landowners, and organizational partners.
Kristin Floress; Stephanie Connolly; Kathleen E. Halvorsen; Amanda Egan; Thomas Schuler; Amy Hill; Philip DeSenze; Scott Fenimore; Kent Karriker. Implementing Landscape Scale Conservation across Organizational Boundaries: Lessons from the Central Appalachian Region, United States. Environmental Management 2018, 62, 845 -857.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Stephanie Connolly, Kathleen E. Halvorsen, Amanda Egan, Thomas Schuler, Amy Hill, Philip DeSenze, Scott Fenimore, Kent Karriker. Implementing Landscape Scale Conservation across Organizational Boundaries: Lessons from the Central Appalachian Region, United States. Environmental Management. 2018; 62 (5):845-857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Stephanie Connolly; Kathleen E. Halvorsen; Amanda Egan; Thomas Schuler; Amy Hill; Philip DeSenze; Scott Fenimore; Kent Karriker. 2018. "Implementing Landscape Scale Conservation across Organizational Boundaries: Lessons from the Central Appalachian Region, United States." Environmental Management 62, no. 5: 845-857.
Kristin Floress; Silvestre García de Jalón; Sarah P. Church; Nicholas Babin; Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad; Linda S. Prokopy. Toward a theory of farmer conservation attitudes: Dual interests and willingness to take action to protect water quality. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2017, 53, 73 -80.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Silvestre García de Jalón, Sarah P. Church, Nicholas Babin, Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad, Linda S. Prokopy. Toward a theory of farmer conservation attitudes: Dual interests and willingness to take action to protect water quality. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2017; 53 ():73-80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Silvestre García de Jalón; Sarah P. Church; Nicholas Babin; Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad; Linda S. Prokopy. 2017. "Toward a theory of farmer conservation attitudes: Dual interests and willingness to take action to protect water quality." Journal of Environmental Psychology 53, no. : 73-80.
In this article, we describe how protecting vernal pools was discussed by experts in the northeastern United States (U.S) within the context of a theoretical policy framework. We offer insight about characteristics of feasible vernal pool policy solutions, and identify gaps in our understanding, particularly regarding conditions in states currently lacking specific vernal pool protections. Vernal pools are geographically isolated, intermittent wetlands that provide important habitat for a variety of plants and animals. Many may not be federally protected as a result of judicial decisions over the past two decades, and the rule intended to clarify what qualifies for federal protection is currently being reviewed by the courts. Thus, state or local policy approaches may be alternatives to conserving vernal pools. We interviewed vernal pool experts in the northeastern U.S. regarding approaches to vernal pool protection and analyzed their perceptions through the lens of Kingdon's (2011) multiple streams policy development framework. The framework denotes 13 characteristics of three processes associated with policy development: problem identification, policy solution development, and the impacts of politics. While analyzed for all 13 components, we found participants most often discussed feasibility of policy formulation and implementation, particularly with regard to protecting vernal pools of high value while also remaining within the bounds of what public opinion supports.
Kristin Floress; Mary Beth Kolozsvary; Jean Mangun. Expert Perceptions of Approaches to Protecting Isolated Wetlands in the Northeastern United States. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2017, 53, 1048 -1061.
AMA StyleKristin Floress, Mary Beth Kolozsvary, Jean Mangun. Expert Perceptions of Approaches to Protecting Isolated Wetlands in the Northeastern United States. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2017; 53 (5):1048-1061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristin Floress; Mary Beth Kolozsvary; Jean Mangun. 2017. "Expert Perceptions of Approaches to Protecting Isolated Wetlands in the Northeastern United States." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 53, no. 5: 1048-1061.