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As pressure on the dairy industry to reduce its environmental impact increases, efficient recycling of manure nutrients through local cropping systems becomes crucial. The aim of this study was to calculate annual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) budgets in six counties located in the Magic Valley, Idaho and estimate what distance manure would need to be transported to be in balance with crop nutrient demand given current dairy cattle populations and cropping systems. Our analysis suggests that crop N needs will not be met solely by manure, and synthetic fertilizer will need to be applied. However, to balance P with crop production, manure would need to be transported a minimum of 12.9 km from dairies and would have to replace synthetic fertilizer P on 91% of regional cropland. Education of producers and technical specialists would be necessary to improve the management of manure use in regional cropping systems. Technical solutions such as alternative diets for cattle and nutrient capture from manure streams will also likely be necessary to bring regional P into balance to protect environmental quality and improve the sustainability of the regional dairy industry.
April Leytem; Paula Williams; Shan Zuidema; Audrey Martinez; Yen Chong; Alyssa Vincent; Aaron Vincent; Daniel Cronan; Andrew Kliskey; J. Wulfhorst; Lilian Alessa; David Bjorneberg. Cycling Phosphorus and Nitrogen through Cropping Systems in an Intensive Dairy Production Region. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1005 .
AMA StyleApril Leytem, Paula Williams, Shan Zuidema, Audrey Martinez, Yen Chong, Alyssa Vincent, Aaron Vincent, Daniel Cronan, Andrew Kliskey, J. Wulfhorst, Lilian Alessa, David Bjorneberg. Cycling Phosphorus and Nitrogen through Cropping Systems in an Intensive Dairy Production Region. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):1005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleApril Leytem; Paula Williams; Shan Zuidema; Audrey Martinez; Yen Chong; Alyssa Vincent; Aaron Vincent; Daniel Cronan; Andrew Kliskey; J. Wulfhorst; Lilian Alessa; David Bjorneberg. 2021. "Cycling Phosphorus and Nitrogen through Cropping Systems in an Intensive Dairy Production Region." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 1005.
Environmental changes caused by climate change in Alaska pose a serious threat to the food, energy and water systems that support the culturally diverse communities statewide. The fishing industry, watershed managers and other stakeholders struggle with understanding and predicting the rates, magnitude and location of changes occurring in their regions primarily because of the significant range of uncertainty inherent in these changes. With the guidance of stakeholders, we demonstrate a scenario analysis methodology to elucidate the interactions among various components and uncertainties within the food, energy and water systems of the Kenai River Watershed. Alternative scenario analysis provided stakeholders with a venue and process to consider plausible futures in which rates of change in critical uncertainties were modeled to elucidate potential responses. Critical uncertainties ranged from climatic impacts on freshwater systems, to new energy development proposals, to changes in sport and personal use fisheries. Working together, stakeholders developed narratives that reflected different combinations of future uncertainty to guide potential management actions now and in the future. Five scenarios were developed by stakeholders that capture the complex interactions in the Kenai River Watershed as a social–ecological system. This process provides a way for managers and stakeholders to plan for the future in a richer way than extrapolating trends for obvious drivers of change. We present this framework as a platform for integrating climate, landscape and cultural change data into actionable decisions, crafted by stakeholders, to improve future food, energy and water resource management at the watershed scale.
Jamie Trammell; Meagan Krupa; Paula Williams; Andrew Kliskey. Using Comprehensive Scenarios to Identify Social–Ecological Threats to Salmon in the Kenai River Watershed, Alaska. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5490 .
AMA StyleJamie Trammell, Meagan Krupa, Paula Williams, Andrew Kliskey. Using Comprehensive Scenarios to Identify Social–Ecological Threats to Salmon in the Kenai River Watershed, Alaska. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Trammell; Meagan Krupa; Paula Williams; Andrew Kliskey. 2021. "Using Comprehensive Scenarios to Identify Social–Ecological Threats to Salmon in the Kenai River Watershed, Alaska." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5490.
Community and stakeholder engagement is increasingly recognized as essential to science at the nexus of food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to address complex issues surrounding food and energy production and water provision for society. Yet no comprehensive framework exists for supporting best practices in community and stakeholder engagement for FEWS. A review and meta-synthesis were undertaken of a broad range of existing models, frameworks, and toolkits for community and stakeholder engagement. A framework is proposed that comprises situational awareness of the FEWS place or problem, creation of a suitable culture for engagement, focus on power-sharing in the engagement process, co-ownership, co-generation of knowledge and outcomes, the technical process of integration, the monitoring processes of reflective and reflexive experiences, and formative evaluation. The framework is discussed as a scaffolding for supporting the development and application of best practices in community and stakeholder engagement in ways that are arguably essential for sound FEWS science and sustainable management.
Andrew Kliskey; Paula Williams; David Griffith; Virginia Dale; Chelsea Schelly; Anna-Maria Marshall; Valoree Gagnon; Weston Eaton; Kristin Floress. Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2160 .
AMA StyleAndrew Kliskey, Paula Williams, David Griffith, Virginia Dale, Chelsea Schelly, Anna-Maria Marshall, Valoree Gagnon, Weston Eaton, Kristin Floress. Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Kliskey; Paula Williams; David Griffith; Virginia Dale; Chelsea Schelly; Anna-Maria Marshall; Valoree Gagnon; Weston Eaton; Kristin Floress. 2021. "Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2160.
Decisions and responses to environmental change are arguably based on whether decision-makers perceive change. We explore the idea of how the difference, or delta, between perceptions of environmental change and instrumented measures of environmental change (P delta I or PΔI) may be a factor in maladaptive versus adaptive responses. Two case-studies in Alaska, U.S.A. are used to assess the statistical correlation between natural resource managers and non-profit interest group (NGO) representatives’ perceptions of environmental change and instrumented measures of environmental change. Environmental change was examined for summer and winter air temperature, stream water temperature, summer rainfall, Chinook salmon abundance and size, and residential land-use development. Results suggest that natural resource managers and NGO respondents do not always perceive change in the environment that is consistent with instrumented measures of change. We discuss the implications of this delta between perceptions and instrumented data because they are important for adaptive policies.
Paula Williams; Lilian (Naia) Alessa; Andrew (Anaru) Kliskey; Daniel Rinella; Jamie Trammell; James Powell; Molly McCarthy; John Abatzoglou. The role of perceptions versus instrumented data of environmental change: Responding to changing environments in Alaska. Environmental Science & Policy 2018, 90, 110 -121.
AMA StylePaula Williams, Lilian (Naia) Alessa, Andrew (Anaru) Kliskey, Daniel Rinella, Jamie Trammell, James Powell, Molly McCarthy, John Abatzoglou. The role of perceptions versus instrumented data of environmental change: Responding to changing environments in Alaska. Environmental Science & Policy. 2018; 90 ():110-121.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Williams; Lilian (Naia) Alessa; Andrew (Anaru) Kliskey; Daniel Rinella; Jamie Trammell; James Powell; Molly McCarthy; John Abatzoglou. 2018. "The role of perceptions versus instrumented data of environmental change: Responding to changing environments in Alaska." Environmental Science & Policy 90, no. : 110-121.
Adaptation to environmental change has become a necessity and a norm for many Arctic communities. We examine whether the adaptive capacity varies in different communities in Alaska with contrasting ecologies and socio-economic systems using the Arctic Water Resources Vulnerability Index (AWRVI). We applied the index to six communities in three distinct regions of Alaska with respect to water resources: Nuiqsut in Northern Alaska, Cooper Landing, Sterling, Soldotna and Kenai in the Kenai River watershed of Southcentral Alaska and Juneau in Southeast Alaska. We modified the AWRVI tool to accommodate the breadth of physical and social conditions in these communities. Using the AWRVI, we measured the adaptive capacity of the communities, which reflect greater vulnerability in Nuiqsut in Northern Alaska due to limitations in water supply and greater surrounding development that could pollute water in their food-shed. The overall adaptive capacities of the two communities that are more mountainous, Cooper Landing and Juneau are similar, as are Sterling, Soldotna and Kenai’s, which are in flatter terrain along the Kenai River. However, the physical and social sub-indices of the communities in the Kenai River watershed and Juneau differ. We discuss actions each community could take to improve their respective capacity to respond to anticipated change.
Paula Williams; Andrew Kliskey; Molly McCarthy; Richard Lammers; Lilian Alessa; John Abatzoglou. Using the Arctic water resources vulnerability index in assessing and responding to environmental change in Alaskan communities. Climate Risk Management 2018, 23, 19 -31.
AMA StylePaula Williams, Andrew Kliskey, Molly McCarthy, Richard Lammers, Lilian Alessa, John Abatzoglou. Using the Arctic water resources vulnerability index in assessing and responding to environmental change in Alaskan communities. Climate Risk Management. 2018; 23 ():19-31.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Williams; Andrew Kliskey; Molly McCarthy; Richard Lammers; Lilian Alessa; John Abatzoglou. 2018. "Using the Arctic water resources vulnerability index in assessing and responding to environmental change in Alaskan communities." Climate Risk Management 23, no. : 19-31.
Many papers have addressed the differing approaches to observation by scientists collecting instrumented data and by community or local knowledge-based observations. Integrating these ways of knowing is difficult because they operate at different scales and have different goals. It would benefit both scientists and communities to integrate community-based observations and instrumented data, despite obstacles, because it would expand scales of observation and because gauged data in the Arctic are sparse. This requires development of a protocol to integrate these knowledge systems to maximize reliability and validity. We used survey data from a community-based observing network in the Bering Sea and examined the correspondence of community-based observations with instrument-derived data for air temperature, sea ice break-up and freeze-up, and vegetation changes. Results highlight that there is a high correspondence between community-based observations for sea ice and vegetation change and instrumented data, but there is an inherent conflict in scales of observation for air temperature data. This helps to elucidate the benefits of community-based observing as a process for understanding and responding to change in the Arctic.
Paula Williams; Lilian Alessa; John T. Abatzoglou; Andrew Kliskey; Frank Witmer; Olivia Lee; Jamie Trammell; Grace Beaujean; Rieken Venema. Community-based observing networks and systems in the Arctic: Human perceptions of environmental change and instrument-derived data. Regional Environmental Change 2017, 18, 547 -559.
AMA StylePaula Williams, Lilian Alessa, John T. Abatzoglou, Andrew Kliskey, Frank Witmer, Olivia Lee, Jamie Trammell, Grace Beaujean, Rieken Venema. Community-based observing networks and systems in the Arctic: Human perceptions of environmental change and instrument-derived data. Regional Environmental Change. 2017; 18 (2):547-559.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Williams; Lilian Alessa; John T. Abatzoglou; Andrew Kliskey; Frank Witmer; Olivia Lee; Jamie Trammell; Grace Beaujean; Rieken Venema. 2017. "Community-based observing networks and systems in the Arctic: Human perceptions of environmental change and instrument-derived data." Regional Environmental Change 18, no. 2: 547-559.