This study explores university students’ attitudes toward generative AI technology and tools in two European countries. Driven by the increasing integration of AI in education and the limited research on student perceptions, particularly in European contexts, this study aimed to understand how students view GenAI and its implications for higher education. The study employed a quantitative approach, using surveys to collect data on student attitudes toward AI across different fields of study, genders, and countries. A key innovation of this research is the development of a novel “Attitude toward AI” scale, designed to provide a robust and theoretically grounded instrument for measuring student perceptions of GenAI. The scale offers a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of AI integration in education. The results showed that students’ attitudes toward AI differed significantly based on their field of study and gender. Male students in technical sciences had the most positive attitudes toward AI adoption, indicating their potential to drive positive changes in AI implementation. While the effect size was small, this finding underscores the importance of considering individual factors when designing interventions to promote AI acceptance. The study underscored how prior experience shapes positive attitudes, highlighting the need for resources to familiarize students with GenAI and its ethics. The “Attitude toward AI” scale is a significant contribution addressing the lack of reliable instruments for assessing student perceptions of GenAI, enabling deeper understanding of factors influencing students’ adoption, informing targeted interventions for different student groups. Further research is needed on GenAI’s long-term impact.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Serbian enterprises. In this exploratory study, we conducted 40 online surveys that consisted of twenty Likert-scale questions with top and middle managers working in public and private Serbian enterprises. The output of various statistical tests ended in the development of the negative Impact of Covid-19 on a Firm scale. The study determined which internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats, have had the strongest negative impacts on the competitiveness of Serbian companies during the pandemic.

Teamwork requires quality two-way communication in a team, both formal and informal, which can only be achieved by increased engagement of senders and recipients of information in the communication process. Quality communication removes, or minimizes, psychological, semantic, physical and technical obstacles to the communication process. Successful functioning of a team requires constant exchange of information between team members, creating a favorable organizational climate (team atmosphere), motivating team members, encouraging team members to creative work and initiative and subtly guiding team members towards the goal.

This research aims to answer questions regarding how Serbian distillers evaluate the quality of their products and their chances on the market. The author also intends to determine the number of market segments for rakija, the Serbian national spirit. As this is the first known study of distillers and the economics of rakija production in Serbia, this research will be exploratory in nature. A quantitative survey of professional and hobbyist rakija distillers (N = 104) was conducted online in October 2021, which means that at the 95% probability level, the sampling error is below 10%. Rakija distillers rated the quality of their rakija as relatively high - 7.88 out of 10, while, conversely, they rated the market situation as relatively low - 2.67 out of 7. They are very enthusiastic about their future market prospects - 4.19 out of 7, but with current business approaches and their outdated production methods, their future does not look bright. It has been found that the rakija market in Serbia has three segments in terms of price: low-priced (up to 500 dinars), mid-priced (between 501 and 1000 dinars), and high-priced (1001 dinars and above). The median, or medium price of all rakija in our sample, was 750 dinars. Finally, a feasible strategy for the rakija market was synthesized by the SWOT/TOWS analysis. The research findings will be useful not only for distillers, but also important for agricultural policymakers as stricter standards need to be introduced to ensure rakija quality.