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The steel industry is among the highest carbon-emitting industrial sectors. Since the steel production process is already exhaustively optimized, alternative routes are sought in order to increase carbon efficiency and reduce these emissions. During steel production, three main carbon-containing off-gases are generated: blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and basic oxygen furnace gas. In the present work, the addition of renewable hydrogen by electrolysis to those steelworks off-gases is studied for the production of methane and methanol. Different case scenarios are investigated using AspenPlusTM flowsheet simulations, which differ on the end-product, the feedstock flowrates and on the production of power. Each case study is evaluated in terms of hydrogen and electrolysis requirements, carbon conversion, hydrogen consumption, and product yields. The findings of this study showed that the electrolysis requirements surpass the energy content of the steelwork’s feedstock. However, for the methanol synthesis cases, substantial improvements can be achieved if recycling a significant amount of the residual hydrogen.
Michael Bampaou; Kyriakos Panopoulos; Panos Seferlis; Spyridon Voutetakis; Ismael Matino; Alice Petrucciani; Antonella Zaccara; Valentina Colla; Stefano Dettori; Teresa Annunziata Branca; Vincenzo Iannino. Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane. Energies 2021, 14, 2904 .
AMA StyleMichael Bampaou, Kyriakos Panopoulos, Panos Seferlis, Spyridon Voutetakis, Ismael Matino, Alice Petrucciani, Antonella Zaccara, Valentina Colla, Stefano Dettori, Teresa Annunziata Branca, Vincenzo Iannino. Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Bampaou; Kyriakos Panopoulos; Panos Seferlis; Spyridon Voutetakis; Ismael Matino; Alice Petrucciani; Antonella Zaccara; Valentina Colla; Stefano Dettori; Teresa Annunziata Branca; Vincenzo Iannino. 2021. "Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane." Energies 14, no. 10: 2904.
Within integrated steelmaking industries significant research efforts are devoted to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of CO2 emissions. Integrated steelworks consume a considerable quantity of raw materials and produce a high amount of by-products, such as off-gases, currently used for the internal production of heat, steam or electricity. These off-gases can be further valorized as feedstock for methane and methanol syntheses, but their hydrogen content is often inadequate to reach high conversions in synthesis processes. The addition of hydrogen is fundamental and a suitable hydrogen production process must be selected to obtain advantages in process economy and sustainability. This paper presents a comparative analysis of different hydrogen production processes from renewable energy, namely polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, solid oxide electrolyze cell electrolysis, and biomass gasification. Aspen Plus® V11-based models were developed, and simulations were conducted for sensitivity analyses to acquire useful information related to the process behavior. Advantages and disadvantages for each considered process were highlighted. In addition, the integration of the analyzed hydrogen production methods with methane and methanol syntheses is analyzed through further Aspen Plus®-based simulations. The pros and cons of the different hydrogen production options coupled with methane and methanol syntheses included in steelmaking industries are analyzed.
Antonella Zaccara; Alice Petrucciani; Ismael Matino; Teresa Annunziata Branca; Stefano Dettori; Vincenzo Iannino; Valentina Colla; Michael Bampaou; Kyriakos Panopoulos. Renewable Hydrogen Production Processes for the Off-Gas Valorization in Integrated Steelworks through Hydrogen Intensified Methane and Methanol Syntheses. Metals 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleAntonella Zaccara, Alice Petrucciani, Ismael Matino, Teresa Annunziata Branca, Stefano Dettori, Vincenzo Iannino, Valentina Colla, Michael Bampaou, Kyriakos Panopoulos. Renewable Hydrogen Production Processes for the Off-Gas Valorization in Integrated Steelworks through Hydrogen Intensified Methane and Methanol Syntheses. Metals. 2020; 10 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonella Zaccara; Alice Petrucciani; Ismael Matino; Teresa Annunziata Branca; Stefano Dettori; Vincenzo Iannino; Valentina Colla; Michael Bampaou; Kyriakos Panopoulos. 2020. "Renewable Hydrogen Production Processes for the Off-Gas Valorization in Integrated Steelworks through Hydrogen Intensified Methane and Methanol Syntheses." Metals 10, no. 11: 1.