Reduction of CO₂ with hydrogen into CO was studied for the first time on alumina-supported Co and Fe catalysts under supercritical conditions with the goal to produce either CO or CH₄ as the target products. The extremely high selectivity towards methanation close to 100% was found for the Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst, whereas the Fe/Al₂O₃ system demonstrates a predominance of hydrogenation to CO with noticeable formation of ethane (up to 15%). The space–time yield can be increased by an order of magnitude by using the supercritical conditions as compared to the gas-phase reactions. Differences in the crystallographic phase features of Fe-containing catalysts cause the reverse water gas shift reaction to form carbon monoxide, whereas the reduced iron phases initiate the Fischer–Tropsch reaction to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons. Direct methanation occurs selectively on Co catalysts. No methanol formation was observed on the studied Fe- and Co-containing catalysts.

Hydrogenation of phenol in aqueous solutions on Pt-Ni/SiO₂, Pt-Ni-Cr/Al₂O₃, Pt/C, and Ru/C catalysts was studied at temperatures of 150–250 °C and pressures of 40–80 bar. The possibility of hydrogenation of hydrolysis lignin in an aqueous medium in the presence of a Ru/C catalyst is shown. The conversion of hydrolysis lignin and water-soluble sodium lignosulfonate occurs with the formation of a complex mixture of monomeric products: a number of phenols, products of their catalytic hydrogenation (cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone), and hydrogenolysis products (cyclic and aliphatic C₂–C₇ hydrocarbons).

An analysis of the concentration dependences of the molecular light scattering parameters in chlorobenzene-o-chlorotoluene solutions shows that the entire concentration range can be split into three intervals with different structural features: 0–0.2 ppm, 0.2–0.9 ppm, and 0.9–1 ppm chlorobenzene. The features are manifest in physicochemical properties such as sound velocity and excess molar volume, adiabatic compressibility, and molar refraction. Experimental data are compared with those obtained by molecular dynamics simulation. It is concluded that the chlorobenzene structure is determined by Cl…Cl interactions while the structuring of liquid o-chlorotoluene and its solutions is largely determined by intermolecular Cl…Me interactions.

The aldol condensation of acetone under supercritical conditions at 300–400°C and 11.0 MPa was carried out on BaSnO₃-450 and BaSnO₃-750 catalysts prepared by calcination of BaSn(OH)₆ at 450 and 750°C, respectively. Conducting the reaction under these conditions makes it possible to overcome the problem of catalyst deactivation by coking and to obtain valuable chemicals with high selectivity. At 300°C, both catalysts provide selectivity of 85–87% to isomeric mesityl oxides (C₆ products). At 400°C with the BaSnO₃-450 catalyst, the selectivity significantly changes from C₆ to C₉ (phorones). Powder X-ray diffraction and TEM data attest to the multiphase nature of the samples, which contain barium stannates, barium carbonate, and tin oxide. It was found that the catalyst structure rearranges in situ, which greatly affects the catalytic properties and is most pronounced for BaSnO₃-450.