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In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 1000 rpm and methanol to oil ratio of 8.50:1. Biodiesel blends, B10 and B20, were tested in a compression ignition engine, and the performance and emission characteristics were analyzed and compared with high-speed diesel. The engine was operated at full load conditions with engine speeds varying from 1000 rpm to 2400 rpm. All the performance and exhaust pollutants results were collected and analyzed. It was found that MOB10 produced lower BP (7.44%), BSFC (7.51%), and CO2 (7.7%). The MOB10 also reduced smoke opacity (24%) and HC (10.27%). Compared to diesel, MOB10 also increased CO (2.5%) and NOx (9%) emissions.
Manzoore Soudagar; Haris Khan; T. Khan; Luqman Razzaq; Tahir Asif; M. Mujtaba; Abrar Hussain; Muhammad Farooq; Waqar Ahmed; Kiran Shahapurkar; Azham Alwi; T. Ibrahim; Usama Ishtiaq; Ashraf Elfasakhany; Maughal Ali Baig; Mohammad Goodarzi; Mohammad Safaei. Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7071 .
AMA StyleManzoore Soudagar, Haris Khan, T. Khan, Luqman Razzaq, Tahir Asif, M. Mujtaba, Abrar Hussain, Muhammad Farooq, Waqar Ahmed, Kiran Shahapurkar, Azham Alwi, T. Ibrahim, Usama Ishtiaq, Ashraf Elfasakhany, Maughal Ali Baig, Mohammad Goodarzi, Mohammad Safaei. Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):7071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManzoore Soudagar; Haris Khan; T. Khan; Luqman Razzaq; Tahir Asif; M. Mujtaba; Abrar Hussain; Muhammad Farooq; Waqar Ahmed; Kiran Shahapurkar; Azham Alwi; T. Ibrahim; Usama Ishtiaq; Ashraf Elfasakhany; Maughal Ali Baig; Mohammad Goodarzi; Mohammad Safaei. 2021. "Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 7071.
One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is to fulfill the growing energy needs sustainably and cost-effectively. Among the different sources of energy, biodiesel is one of the alternative energy sources that has tremendous potential to become a major mainstream renewable energy mix. Jatropha is an important raw input for biodiesel that provides an ecological and sustainable solution for emerging greenhouse gas emissions over the other biomass feedstock. This paper critically evaluates different factors and presents a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and barriers to the adoption of Jatropha biodiesel. In Pakistan, the estimated production of Jatropha biodiesel is expected to be 2.93 million tons, that are calculated from available barren land and possible shortlisted suitable areas for Jatropha plantation. It is ~25% of the total import (11.84 million tons) of petroleum products, which can save ~$2 billion USD reserves of Pakistan. The cultivation of Jatropha on barren land is an environmentally and economically lucrative approach for Pakistan. This study has real implications for developing a policy framework related to the environment and socio-economic feasibility of Jatropha biodiesel production in Pakistan.
Haseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Ashraf; Sana Amjad; Muhammad Jamil; Muhammad Jamil; M. Mujtaba. Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel: A Lucrative Recipe for Pakistan’s Energy Sector. Processes 2021, 9, 1129 .
AMA StyleHaseeb Yaqoob, Yew Teoh, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Ashraf, Sana Amjad, Muhammad Jamil, Muhammad Jamil, M. Mujtaba. Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel: A Lucrative Recipe for Pakistan’s Energy Sector. Processes. 2021; 9 (7):1129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Ashraf; Sana Amjad; Muhammad Jamil; Muhammad Jamil; M. Mujtaba. 2021. "Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel: A Lucrative Recipe for Pakistan’s Energy Sector." Processes 9, no. 7: 1129.
The generation and use of energy are significant contributors to CO2 emissions. Globally, approximately 30% to 40% of all energy consumption can be directly or indirectly linked to buildings. Nearly half of energy usage in buildings is linked to maintaining the thermal comfort of the inhabitants. Therefore, finding solutions that are not only technically but also economically feasible is of utmost importance. Though much research has been conducted to address this issue, most solutions are still costly for developing countries to implement practically. This study endeavors to find a less expensive yet straightforward methodology to achieve thermal comfort while conserving energy. This study takes a broader view of multiple habitat-related CO2 emission issues in developing regions and describes a hybrid solution to address them. New technologies and innovative concepts are being globally examined to benefit from the considerable potential of PCMs and their role in thermal energy storage (TES) applications for buildings. The current study numerically investigates the thermal response of a hybrid building envelope consisting of PCM and local organic waste materials for low-cost low-energy buildings. The local organic waste materials used are those whose disposal is usually done by burning, resulting in an immense amount of greenhouse gases. In the first phase, different waste materials are characterized to determine their thermophysical properties. In the second phase, a low-cost, commonly available PCM calcium chloride hexahydrate, CaCl2·6H2O, is integrated with a brick and corn husk wall to enhance the thermal storage in the building envelope to minimize energy consumption. Temperature distribution plots are primarily used for analysis. The results show a marked improvement in thermal comfort by maintaining a maximum indoor temperature of 27 °C when construction is performed with a 6% corn husk composite material embedded with the PCM, while under similar conditions, the standard brick construction maintained a 31 °C indoor temperature. It is concluded that the integration of the PCM layer with the corn husk wall provides an adequate solution for low-cost and low-energy buildings.
Atiq Rehman; Nouman Ghafoor; Shakil Sheikh; Zareena Kausar; Fawad Rauf; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Shah; Haseeb Yaqoob. A Study of Hot Climate Low-Cost Low-Energy Eco-Friendly Building Envelope with Embedded Phase Change Material. Energies 2021, 14, 3544 .
AMA StyleAtiq Rehman, Nouman Ghafoor, Shakil Sheikh, Zareena Kausar, Fawad Rauf, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Shah, Haseeb Yaqoob. A Study of Hot Climate Low-Cost Low-Energy Eco-Friendly Building Envelope with Embedded Phase Change Material. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtiq Rehman; Nouman Ghafoor; Shakil Sheikh; Zareena Kausar; Fawad Rauf; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Shah; Haseeb Yaqoob. 2021. "A Study of Hot Climate Low-Cost Low-Energy Eco-Friendly Building Envelope with Embedded Phase Change Material." Energies 14, no. 12: 3544.
Biodiesel has gained popularity in diesel engines as a result of the rapid decline of fossil fuels and population growth. The processing of biodiesel from non-edible Moringa Oleifera was investigated using a single-step transesterification technique. Both fuels had their key physicochemical properties measured and investigated. In a common-rail diesel engine, the effects of MB50 fuel blend on the symmetric characteristics of engine-out responses were evaluated under five load settings and at 1000 rpm. As compared to standard diesel, MB50 increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions while lowering brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and smoke emissions for all engine loads. A further study of injection pressure and start of injection (SOI) timing for MB50 fuel was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM optimization resulted in improved combustion dynamics due to symmetry operating parameters, resulting in a simultaneous decrease in NOx and smoke emissions without sacrificing BTE. RSM is an efficient optimization method for achieving optimal fuel injection parameter settings, as can be deduced. As a result, a clearer understanding of the use of MB50 fuel in diesel engines can be given, allowing for the best possible engine efficiency.
Yew Teoh; Heoy How; Farooq Sher; Thanh Le; Hwai Ong; Huu Nguyen; Haseeb Yaqoob. Optimization of Fuel Injection Parameters of Moringa oleifera Biodiesel-Diesel Blend for Engine-Out-Responses Improvements. Symmetry 2021, 13, 982 .
AMA StyleYew Teoh, Heoy How, Farooq Sher, Thanh Le, Hwai Ong, Huu Nguyen, Haseeb Yaqoob. Optimization of Fuel Injection Parameters of Moringa oleifera Biodiesel-Diesel Blend for Engine-Out-Responses Improvements. Symmetry. 2021; 13 (6):982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYew Teoh; Heoy How; Farooq Sher; Thanh Le; Hwai Ong; Huu Nguyen; Haseeb Yaqoob. 2021. "Optimization of Fuel Injection Parameters of Moringa oleifera Biodiesel-Diesel Blend for Engine-Out-Responses Improvements." Symmetry 13, no. 6: 982.
The rise in energy requirements and its shortfall in developing countries have affected socioeconomic life. Communities in remote mountainous regions in Asia are among the most affected by energy deprivation. This study presents the feasibility of an alternate strategy of supplying clean energy to the areas consisting of pristine mountains and forest terrain. Southeast Asia has a much-diversified landscape and varied natural resources, including abundant water resources. The current study is motivated by this abundant supply of streams which provides an excellent environment for run-of-river micro vertical axis water turbines. However, to limit the scope of the study, the rivers and streams flowing in northern areas of Pakistan are taken as the reference. The study proposes a comprehensive answer for supplying low-cost sustainable energy solutions for such remote communities. The suggested solution consists of a preliminary hydrodynamic design using Qblade, further analysis using numerical simulations, and finally, experimental testing in a real-world environment. The results of this study show that the use of microturbines is a very feasible option considering that the power generation density of the microturbine comes out to be approximately 2100 kWh/year/m2, with minimal adverse effects on the environment.
Shakil Sheikh; Syed Shah; Umar Rauf; Fawad Rauf; Zareena Kausar; Umair Aziz; Muhammad Shah; Haseeb Yaqoob; Muhammad Niazi. A Low-Cost Sustainable Energy Solution for Pristine Mountain Areas of Developing Countries. Energies 2021, 14, 3160 .
AMA StyleShakil Sheikh, Syed Shah, Umar Rauf, Fawad Rauf, Zareena Kausar, Umair Aziz, Muhammad Shah, Haseeb Yaqoob, Muhammad Niazi. A Low-Cost Sustainable Energy Solution for Pristine Mountain Areas of Developing Countries. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShakil Sheikh; Syed Shah; Umar Rauf; Fawad Rauf; Zareena Kausar; Umair Aziz; Muhammad Shah; Haseeb Yaqoob; Muhammad Niazi. 2021. "A Low-Cost Sustainable Energy Solution for Pristine Mountain Areas of Developing Countries." Energies 14, no. 11: 3160.
Slaughterhouse waste is considered to be an emerging issue because of its disposal cost. As an alternative, it would be a great prospect for the bioeconomy society to explore new usages of these leftover materials. As per food safety rules mentioned by EU legislation, all bone waste generated by slaughterhouses ought to be disposed of by rendering. The huge quantity of worldwide bone waste generation (130 billion kilograms per annum) is an environmental burden if not properly managed. The waste animal bones can be efficiently employed as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel. This mini review summarized the recent literature reported for biodiesel generation using waste animal bones derived heterogeneous catalyst. It discusses the sources of bone waste, catalyst preparation methods, particularly calcination and its effects, and important characteristics of bones derived catalyst. It suggests that catalysts extracted from waste animal bones have suitable catalytic activity in transesterification of different oil sources to generate a good quality biodiesel.
Fayaz Hussain; Saad Alshahrani; Muhammad Abbas; Haris Khan; Asif Jamil; Haseeb Yaqoob; Manzoore Soudagar; Muhammad Imran; Mushtaq Ahmad; Mamoona Munir. Waste Animal Bones as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production; A Mini Review. Catalysts 2021, 11, 630 .
AMA StyleFayaz Hussain, Saad Alshahrani, Muhammad Abbas, Haris Khan, Asif Jamil, Haseeb Yaqoob, Manzoore Soudagar, Muhammad Imran, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mamoona Munir. Waste Animal Bones as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production; A Mini Review. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (5):630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayaz Hussain; Saad Alshahrani; Muhammad Abbas; Haris Khan; Asif Jamil; Haseeb Yaqoob; Manzoore Soudagar; Muhammad Imran; Mushtaq Ahmad; Mamoona Munir. 2021. "Waste Animal Bones as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production; A Mini Review." Catalysts 11, no. 5: 630.
The process of material removal from a workpiece to obtain the desired shape is termed machining. Present-day material removal technologies have high spindle speeds and thus allow quick material removal. These high-speed spindles are highly exposed to vibrations and, as a result, the accuracy of the final workpiece’s dimensions is compromised. To overcome this problem, the motion of the tool is restricted, and multiple degrees of freedom are given through the motion of the workpiece in different axes. A machining bed configured as a parallel manipulator capable of giving six degrees of freedom (DOF) to the workpiece is proposed in this regard. However, the proposed six DOF machining bed should be energy efficient to avoid an increase in machining cost. The benefit of using the proposed configuration is a reduction in dimensional error and computational time which, as a result, reduces the energy utilization, vibrations, and machining time in practice. This paper presents kinematics, dynamics and energy efficiency models, and the development of the proposed configuration of the machining bed. The energy efficiency model is derived from the dynamics model. The models are verified in simulation and experimentally. To minimize error and computation time, a PID controller is also designed and tested in simulation as well as experimentally. The resulting energy efficiency is also analyzed. The results verify the efficacy of the proposed configuration of the machining bed, minimizing position error to 2% and reducing computation time by 27%, hence reducing the energy consumption and enhancing the energy efficiency by 60%.
Zareena Kausar; Muhammad Shah; Zeeshan Masood; Hafiz Rehman; Sardor Khaydarov; Muhammad Saeed; Omid Razmkhah; Haseeb Yaqoob. Energy Efficient Parallel Configuration Based Six Degree of Freedom Machining Bed. Energies 2021, 14, 2642 .
AMA StyleZareena Kausar, Muhammad Shah, Zeeshan Masood, Hafiz Rehman, Sardor Khaydarov, Muhammad Saeed, Omid Razmkhah, Haseeb Yaqoob. Energy Efficient Parallel Configuration Based Six Degree of Freedom Machining Bed. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZareena Kausar; Muhammad Shah; Zeeshan Masood; Hafiz Rehman; Sardor Khaydarov; Muhammad Saeed; Omid Razmkhah; Haseeb Yaqoob. 2021. "Energy Efficient Parallel Configuration Based Six Degree of Freedom Machining Bed." Energies 14, no. 9: 2642.
As non-renewable conventional fossil fuel sources are depleting day by day, researchers are continually finding new ways of producing and utilizing alternative, renewable, and reliable fuels. Due to conventional technologies, the environment has been degraded seriously, which profoundly impacts life on earth. To reduce the emissions caused by running the compression ignition engines, waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel is one of the best alternative fuels locally available in all parts of the world. Different study results are reviewed with a clear focus on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics, and the impact on engine durability. Moreover, the environmental and economic impacts are also reviewed in this study. When determining the combustion characteristics of WCO biodiesel, the cylinder peak pressure value increases and the heat release rate and ignition delay period decreases. In performance characteristics, brake-specific fuel consumption increases while brake-specific energy consumption, brake power, and torque decrease. WCO biodiesel cuts down the emissions value by 85% due to decreased hydrocarbon, SO2, CO, and smoke emissions in the exhaust that will effectively save the environment. However, CO2 and NOx generally increase when compared to diesel. The overall economic impact of production on the utilization of this resource is also elaborated. The results show that the use of WCO biodiesel is technically, economically, environmentally, and tribologically appropriate for any diesel engine.
Haseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Jamil; Zareena Kausar; Noor Sabah; Muhammad Shah; Hafiz Rehman; Atiq Rehman. Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review. Energies 2021, 14, 2565 .
AMA StyleHaseeb Yaqoob, Yew Teoh, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Jamil, Zareena Kausar, Noor Sabah, Muhammad Shah, Hafiz Rehman, Atiq Rehman. Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Jamil; Zareena Kausar; Noor Sabah; Muhammad Shah; Hafiz Rehman; Atiq Rehman. 2021. "Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review." Energies 14, no. 9: 2565.
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of coconut oil biodiesel (COB)-diesel blends on exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions and fuel injection responses in an unmodified turbocharged four-stroke common-rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. Characterization of COB and their blends has been conducted to ascertain the applicability of these fuels for the existing engine. The test fuels used were fossil diesel fuel, COB10, COB20, COB30 and COB50 of biodiesel-diesel fuels. A test cycle which composed of 16 different steady-state modes at various loads and speed conditions was followed. Generally, the results showed a marginally advanced SOI timing and longer injection duration with increasing COB blends at higher load as compared to diesel fuel. Additionally, the lower calorific value (CV) and higher viscosity of the COB fuel blends have resulted in reduced turbo boost pressure and increased common-rail fuel injection pressure, respectively, across all engine speeds and loads. On the aspects of PM emissions characterization, results indicated that the blending of COB with conventional diesel had benefits over diesel in PM reduction. In fact, the largest achievable PM mass reduction of 38.55% was attained with COB50. In addition, it was noticed that the size of PM particles accumulated such that the granular size increased with higher diesel content in the blend. Additionally, the composition analysis on the PM collected by EDX spectroscopy has revealed that the C, O and Si as three main elements that made up the PM particles in descending order. Overall, the results indicated that COB biodiesel is a clean-burning alternative fuel and can be used satisfactorily in an unmodified diesel engine without the needs for engine remapping.
Yew Teoh; Heoy How; Farooq Sher; Thanh Le; Huu Nguyen; Haseeb Yaqoob. Fuel Injection Responses and Particulate Emissions of a CRDI Engine Fueled with Cocos nucifera Biodiesel. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4930 .
AMA StyleYew Teoh, Heoy How, Farooq Sher, Thanh Le, Huu Nguyen, Haseeb Yaqoob. Fuel Injection Responses and Particulate Emissions of a CRDI Engine Fueled with Cocos nucifera Biodiesel. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4930.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYew Teoh; Heoy How; Farooq Sher; Thanh Le; Huu Nguyen; Haseeb Yaqoob. 2021. "Fuel Injection Responses and Particulate Emissions of a CRDI Engine Fueled with Cocos nucifera Biodiesel." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4930.
Pakistan is among the countries that have already crossed the water scarcity line, and the situation is worsened due to the recent pandemic. This is because the major budget of the country is shifted to primary healthcare activities from other development projects that included water treatment and transportation infrastructure. Consequently, water-borne diseases have increased drastically in the past few months. Therefore, there is a dire need to address this issue on a priority basis to ameliorate the worsening situation. One possible solution is to shift the focus/load from mega-projects that require a plethora of resources, money, and time to small domestic-scale systems for water treatment. For this purpose, domestic-scale solar stills are designed, fabricated, and tested in one of the harshest climatic condition areas of Pakistan, Rahim Yar Khan. A comprehensive overview of the regional climatology, including wind speed, solar potential, and ambient temperature is presented for the whole year. The analysis shows that the proposed system can adequately resolve the drinking water problems of deprived areas of Pakistan. The average water productivity of 1.5 L/d/m2 is achieved with a total investment of PKR 3000 (<$20). This real site testing data will serve as a guideline for similar system design in other arid areas globally.
Muhammad Jamil; Haseeb Yaqoob; Muhammad Farooq; Yew Teoh; Ben Xu; Khamid Mahkamov; Muhammad Sultan; Kim Ng; Muhammad Shahzad. Experimental Investigations of a Solar Water Treatment System for Remote Desert Areas of Pakistan. Water 2021, 13, 1070 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Jamil, Haseeb Yaqoob, Muhammad Farooq, Yew Teoh, Ben Xu, Khamid Mahkamov, Muhammad Sultan, Kim Ng, Muhammad Shahzad. Experimental Investigations of a Solar Water Treatment System for Remote Desert Areas of Pakistan. Water. 2021; 13 (8):1070.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Jamil; Haseeb Yaqoob; Muhammad Farooq; Yew Teoh; Ben Xu; Khamid Mahkamov; Muhammad Sultan; Kim Ng; Muhammad Shahzad. 2021. "Experimental Investigations of a Solar Water Treatment System for Remote Desert Areas of Pakistan." Water 13, no. 8: 1070.
The four-ball tester was used in this analysis to demonstrate the lubricity of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO). The tribological performance of the tire pyrolysis oil was compared with diesel fuel (DF) and their blends, DT10 (TPO 10%, Diesel 90%) and DT20 (TPO 20%, Diesel 80%). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the wear scar. In contrast to diesel fuel, TPO demonstrated better antiwear behaviour in terms of higher load-carrying capacity. DT10, DT20, and TPO’s wear scar diameter (WSD) was 22.35%, 16.01%, and 31.99% smaller than that of diesel at 80 kg load, respectively. The scanning electron microscope micrographs showed that the TPO and DT10 had less wear than their counterparts.
Haseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Jamil; Mirza Nuhanović; Omid Razmkhah; Begum Erten. Tribological Behaviour and Lubricating Mechanism of Tire Pyrolysis Oil. Coatings 2021, 11, 386 .
AMA StyleHaseeb Yaqoob, Yew Teoh, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Jamil, Mirza Nuhanović, Omid Razmkhah, Begum Erten. Tribological Behaviour and Lubricating Mechanism of Tire Pyrolysis Oil. Coatings. 2021; 11 (4):386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Jamil; Mirza Nuhanović; Omid Razmkhah; Begum Erten. 2021. "Tribological Behaviour and Lubricating Mechanism of Tire Pyrolysis Oil." Coatings 11, no. 4: 386.
Energy is essential for the nature of life and the development of countries. The main demand for the 21st century is to fulfill growing energy needs. Pakistan, through the use of fossil fuels, meets energy demands. There is pressure on the economy of the country due to the massive reliance on fossil fuels, and this tendency is influenced by various environmental impacts. To overcome the burden on fossil fuels, more attention has been drawn to provide fossil fuel substitution. Tire pyrolysis is among the effective substitutes of the fuel technology that generates useful products of liquid oil, char, and pyro gas. This research focuses on the environmental, social, and economic viability of tire pyrolysis oil in Pakistan. This study estimates the production and potential of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) in Pakistan. Based on the calculations, the potential of tire pyrolysis oil production in Pakistan from 2015–2019 is 468,081 to 548,406 tons. The potential production of TPO in 2018–2019 was ~8.30% of the total import (6.6 million tons) of crude oil. Therefore, tire pyrolysis oil is considered an alternative fuel representing an economic and environmentally viability solution for Pakistan.
Haseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Jamil; Daniyal Murtaza; Mansour Al Qubeissi; Mehtab Ui Hassan; M. Mujtaba. Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3214 .
AMA StyleHaseeb Yaqoob, Yew Teoh, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Jamil, Daniyal Murtaza, Mansour Al Qubeissi, Mehtab Ui Hassan, M. Mujtaba. Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaseeb Yaqoob; Yew Teoh; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Jamil; Daniyal Murtaza; Mansour Al Qubeissi; Mehtab Ui Hassan; M. Mujtaba. 2021. "Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3214.
The application of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) as an alternative fuel has attained attention owing to the exponentially raise demand and price of fossil fuels, environmental impacts, and landfilling of the waste tires. Globally, the pyrolysis process has become the leading solution to this problem by converting the waste tires to the TPO. So, this review paper studies the application of TPO in diesel engines related to the purification and physicochemical properties of TPO with their effects on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of the fuel. Oxidative desulfurization and catalyst process is the most reliable method to remove the sulfur contents and purified the tire pyrolysis oil. Higher cylinder peak pressure, heat release rate, and ignition delay has been observed and noted its impact on the combustion analysis of the TPO. An increase in brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and lower brake specific fuel consumption have been found in the performance analysis of TPO. In emission analysis literature, mixed trends have been seen in nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emission, so in some cases, emission tends to increase, but the opposite direction has also been observed in other cases. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and particulate matter emission are reduced owing to the excess of oxygen shares in TPO. In general, no alteration in the diesel engine is required for a low share of TPO in the TPO-diesel blend. Finally, it is concluded that the studies recommended the TPO-diesel (10%–90%) blend in the engine as an alternative fuel.
Haseeb Yaqoob; Yew Heng Teoh; Muhammad Ahmad Jamil; Mubashir Gulzar. Potential of tire pyrolysis oil as an alternate fuel for diesel engines: A review. Journal of the Energy Institute 2021, 96, 205 -221.
AMA StyleHaseeb Yaqoob, Yew Heng Teoh, Muhammad Ahmad Jamil, Mubashir Gulzar. Potential of tire pyrolysis oil as an alternate fuel for diesel engines: A review. Journal of the Energy Institute. 2021; 96 ():205-221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaseeb Yaqoob; Yew Heng Teoh; Muhammad Ahmad Jamil; Mubashir Gulzar. 2021. "Potential of tire pyrolysis oil as an alternate fuel for diesel engines: A review." Journal of the Energy Institute 96, no. : 205-221.
The demand for alternative fuels has risen in recent years due to the economic and environmental consequences of conventional fuels. In addition to engine characteristics, i.e., performance, combustion, and emission the lubricity of the considered fuel is an important parameter for its selection. This experimental study shows the tribological performance of the tire pyrolysis oil by using the four-ball tester. Waste tire pyrolysis oil was purified by using the distillation process. The experiment was conducted over 300 s at 40, 50, 63, and 80 kg load, 1800 rpm constant speed, and 27 °C temperature of all fuels on the ASTM D2266 standard. The tribological performance of the tire pyrolysis oil was compared with the BT10 (biodiesel 90%–tire pyrolysis oil 10%) and BT20 (biodiesel 80%–tire pyrolysis oil 20%) and biodiesel. The optical microscope is used to measure the wear scar diameter and then it is examined through a scanning electron microscope. In terms of greater load-carrying capacity, tire pyrolysis oil shows better anti-wear behaviour compared to biodiesel fuel. The wear scar diameter of BT10, BT20, and tire pyrolysis oil was 23.99%, 8.37%, and 32.62%, respectively, lower than the biodiesel fuel at 80 kg load. The SEM micrographs revealed that tire pyrolysis oil and BT10 displayed lower wear as compared to counterparts. Finally, it is concluded that BT10 is the most suitable fuel in terms of tribological performance.
Haseeb Yaqoob; Yew Heng Teoh; Muhammad Ahmad Jamil; Tahir Rasheed; Farooq Sher. An Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behaviour of Tire-Derived Pyrolysis Oil Blended with Biodiesel Fuel. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9975 .
AMA StyleHaseeb Yaqoob, Yew Heng Teoh, Muhammad Ahmad Jamil, Tahir Rasheed, Farooq Sher. An Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behaviour of Tire-Derived Pyrolysis Oil Blended with Biodiesel Fuel. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9975.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaseeb Yaqoob; Yew Heng Teoh; Muhammad Ahmad Jamil; Tahir Rasheed; Farooq Sher. 2020. "An Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behaviour of Tire-Derived Pyrolysis Oil Blended with Biodiesel Fuel." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9975.