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Prof. Dr. Alberto Jesús Perea Moreno
Department of Applied Physics, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain

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0 Remote Sensing
0 Renewable Energy
0 Sustainability
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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in Energies
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This article presents the analysis of the performance of a flexible wind turbine blade. The simulation analysis is based on a 3 m span blade prototype. The blade has a flexible surface and a cam mechanism that modifies the aerodynamic profile and adapts the surface to different configurations. The blade surface was built with a flexible fiberglass composite, and the internal mechanism consists of a flexible structure actuated with an eccentric cam. The cam mechanism deforms five sections of the blade, and the airfoil geometry for each section was measured from zero cam displacement to full cam displacement. The measured data were interpolated to obtain the aerodynamic profiles of the five sections to model the flexible blade in the simulation process. The simulation analysis consisted of determining the different aerodynamic coefficients for different deformed surfaces and a range of wind speeds. The aerodynamic coefficients were calculated with the BEM method (QBlade®); as a result, the data performance of the flexible blade was compared for the different deformation configurations. Finally, a decrease of up to approximately 6% in the mean bending moment suggests that the flexible turbine rotor presented in this article can be used to reduce extreme and fatigue loads on wind turbines.

ACS Style

Azael Duran Castillo; Juan C. Jauregui-Correa; Francisco Herbert; Krystel K. Castillo-Villar; Jesus Alejandro Franco; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Alfredo Alcayde. The Effect of a Flexible Blade for Load Alleviation in Wind Turbines. Energies 2021, 14, 4988 .

AMA Style

Azael Duran Castillo, Juan C. Jauregui-Correa, Francisco Herbert, Krystel K. Castillo-Villar, Jesus Alejandro Franco, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Alfredo Alcayde. The Effect of a Flexible Blade for Load Alleviation in Wind Turbines. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4988.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azael Duran Castillo; Juan C. Jauregui-Correa; Francisco Herbert; Krystel K. Castillo-Villar; Jesus Alejandro Franco; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Alfredo Alcayde. 2021. "The Effect of a Flexible Blade for Load Alleviation in Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 16: 4988.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Mathematics
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In this paper, we propose a master–slave methodology to address the problem of optimal integration (location and sizing) of Distributed Generators (DGs) in Direct Current (DC) networks. This proposed methodology employs a parallel version of the Population-Based Incremental Learning (PPBIL) optimization method in the master stage to solve the location problem and the Vortex Search Algorithm (VSA) in the slave stage to solve the sizing problem. In addition, it uses the reduction of power losses as the objective function, considering all the constraints associated with the technical conditions specific to DGs and DC networks. To validate its effectiveness and robustness, we use as comparison methods, different solution methodologies that have been reported in the specialized literature, as well as two test systems (the 21 and 69-bus test systems). All simulations were performed in MATLAB. According to the results, the proposed hybrid (PPBIL–VSA) methodology provides the best trade-off between quality of the solution and processing times and exhibits an adequate repeatability every time it is executed.

ACS Style

Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña; Oscar Danilo Montoya; Ricardo Alberto Hincapié-Isaza; Mauricio Granada Echeverri; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Optimal Location and Sizing of DGs in DC Networks Using a Hybrid Methodology Based on the PPBIL Algorithm and the VSA. Mathematics 2021, 9, 1913 .

AMA Style

Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Ricardo Alberto Hincapié-Isaza, Mauricio Granada Echeverri, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Optimal Location and Sizing of DGs in DC Networks Using a Hybrid Methodology Based on the PPBIL Algorithm and the VSA. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (16):1913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña; Oscar Danilo Montoya; Ricardo Alberto Hincapié-Isaza; Mauricio Granada Echeverri; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2021. "Optimal Location and Sizing of DGs in DC Networks Using a Hybrid Methodology Based on the PPBIL Algorithm and the VSA." Mathematics 9, no. 16: 1913.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper addresses the optimal power flow problem in direct current (DC) networks employing a master–slave solution methodology that combines an optimization algorithm based on the multiverse theory (master stage) and the numerical method of successive approximation (slave stage). The master stage proposes power levels to be injected by each distributed generator in the DC network, and the slave stage evaluates the impact of each power configuration (proposed by the master stage) on the objective function and the set of constraints that compose the problem. In this study, the objective function is the reduction of electrical power losses associated with energy transmission. In addition, the constraints are the global power balance, nodal voltage limits, current limits, and a maximum level of penetration of distributed generators. In order to validate the robustness and repeatability of the solution, this study used four other optimization methods that have been reported in the specialized literature to solve the problem addressed here: ant lion optimization, particle swarm optimization, continuous genetic algorithm, and black hole optimization algorithm. All of them employed the method based on successive approximation to solve the load flow problem (slave stage). The 21- and 69-node test systems were used for this purpose, enabling the distributed generators to inject 20%, 40%, and 60% of the power provided by the slack node in a scenario without distributed generation. The results revealed that the multiverse optimizer offers the best solution quality and repeatability in networks of different sizes with several penetration levels of distributed power generation.

ACS Style

Andrés Rosales-Muñoz; Luis Grisales-Noreña; Jhon Montano; Oscar Montoya; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Application of the Multiverse Optimization Method to Solve the Optimal Power Flow Problem in Direct Current Electrical Networks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8703 .

AMA Style

Andrés Rosales-Muñoz, Luis Grisales-Noreña, Jhon Montano, Oscar Montoya, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Application of the Multiverse Optimization Method to Solve the Optimal Power Flow Problem in Direct Current Electrical Networks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8703.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrés Rosales-Muñoz; Luis Grisales-Noreña; Jhon Montano; Oscar Montoya; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2021. "Application of the Multiverse Optimization Method to Solve the Optimal Power Flow Problem in Direct Current Electrical Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8703.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2021 in Sustainability
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The water utilities are under big pressure to guarantee water access to their customers with the right level of service and quality due to challenges such as climate change, aging infrastructure, water scarcity, and growing populations, which put pressure on their operations. The scientific community has worked intensively over the last years to propose solutions and alternatives for the utilities to improve their operation and management in order to overcome these challenges. This paper aims to review scientific contributions to this field. The result shows increasing awareness from the scientific community in this topic which translates into a growing number of publications since the beginning of the current century. This paper analyzes the evolution of the publications, identifies the main countries and institutions working in this field and their scientific relationships over time. It also identifies the main keywords in the literature, which are grouped into three main topics: water quality, water management, and water optimization. The development of smart technologies is accelerating the scientific production towards the topic of water optimization, which is acquiring more importance over the last years. Future trends of research are related to identifying specific challenges per country and the specific solutions proposed by the scientific community to address them and its feasibility to be applied in other places.

ACS Style

Andrés Ortega-Ballesteros; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Water Utilities Challenges: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7726 .

AMA Style

Andrés Ortega-Ballesteros, Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Water Utilities Challenges: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrés Ortega-Ballesteros; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2021. "Water Utilities Challenges: A Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7726.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2021 in Symmetry
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The blades in a wind turbine are currently manufactured with flexible and light materials, which make them more susceptible to the effects of vibrations when the wind speed is high enough, causing fatigue damage, affecting the functionality of its structure and aerodynamic efficiency. This work presents a comparison of the modal vibration parameters, applied to a cantilever beam, determined with two experimental methods—the use of accelerometers and a proposed optical non-contact method—based on the principle of laser triangulation and photogrammetry techniques. This technique uses the geometric symmetry of the equidistant displacements along the z axis of the beam to obtain the amplitude data. Parameters such as natural frequency and modal form are obtained by fitting the data to a nonlinear equation with a solution which is an exponential/harmonic equation. Also, analytically, these parameters are determined, and a comparison is made between the experimental methods. The result shows that the relative error of the first-order natural vibration frequency is below 1%. The proposed method is simple, efficient, reliable, and it is also a method that has not been applied to the test of wind turbine blades, so its implementation as this type of wind turbine component is an area of opportunity for the validation of modal vibration parameters in the wind industry. An analysis of results is presented showing benefits of the proposed method and its limitations.

ACS Style

Víctor Moreno-Oliva; Ociel Flores-Diaz; Edwin Román-Hernández; Manuel Campos-García; Eduardo Campos-Mercado; José Dorrego-Portela; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Jesus Franco; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Alfredo García. Vibration Measurement Using Laser Triangulation for Applications in Wind Turbine Blades. Symmetry 2021, 13, 1017 .

AMA Style

Víctor Moreno-Oliva, Ociel Flores-Diaz, Edwin Román-Hernández, Manuel Campos-García, Eduardo Campos-Mercado, José Dorrego-Portela, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Jesus Franco, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Alfredo García. Vibration Measurement Using Laser Triangulation for Applications in Wind Turbine Blades. Symmetry. 2021; 13 (6):1017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Víctor Moreno-Oliva; Ociel Flores-Diaz; Edwin Román-Hernández; Manuel Campos-García; Eduardo Campos-Mercado; José Dorrego-Portela; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Jesus Franco; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Alfredo García. 2021. "Vibration Measurement Using Laser Triangulation for Applications in Wind Turbine Blades." Symmetry 13, no. 6: 1017.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are key to create sustainable higher education institutions (HEIs). Most researchers focused on the students’ perspective, especially during the online teaching caused by COVID-19; however, university teachers are often forgotten, having their opinion missing. This study’s objective was to determine the factors that contribute to the inclusion of ICTs. The research based on a comparative study through an online qualitative survey focused on the inclusion and use of ICTs in two HEIs and two different moments (pre- and post-lockdowns). There were differences regarding country and working experience (p< 0.001), being linked to the ICTs use, evaluation of obstacles, and the role given to ICTs (p< 0.05). The COVID-19 caused modifications of the teachers’ perspectives, including an improvement of the opinion of older teachers regarding the essentialness of ICTs in the teaching process (p< 0.001) and worsening their perception about their ICTs skill (p< 0.05). Additionally, an initial model focused only on the university teachers and their use of ICTs has been proposed. In conclusion, the less experienced university teachers used more ICTs, identified more greatly the problematic factors, and considered more important the ICTs, with the perception of all teachers modified by COVID-19.

ACS Style

Johanna Navarro-Espinosa; Manuel Vaquero-Abellán; Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno; Gerardo Pedrós-Pérez; Pilar Aparicio-Martínez; Mª Martínez-Jiménez. The Higher Education Sustainability before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Spanish and Ecuadorian Case. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6363 .

AMA Style

Johanna Navarro-Espinosa, Manuel Vaquero-Abellán, Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno, Gerardo Pedrós-Pérez, Pilar Aparicio-Martínez, Mª Martínez-Jiménez. The Higher Education Sustainability before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Spanish and Ecuadorian Case. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johanna Navarro-Espinosa; Manuel Vaquero-Abellán; Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno; Gerardo Pedrós-Pérez; Pilar Aparicio-Martínez; Mª Martínez-Jiménez. 2021. "The Higher Education Sustainability before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Spanish and Ecuadorian Case." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6363.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused chaos in many sectors and industries. In the energy sector, the demand has fallen drastically during the first quarter of 2020. The University of Almeria campus also declined the energy consumption in 2020, and through this study, we aimed to measure the impact of closing the campus on the energy use of its different facilities. We built our analysis based upon the dataset collected during the year 2020 and previous years; the patterns evolution through time allowed us to better understand the energy performance of each facility during this exceptional year. We rearranged the university buildings into categories, and all the categories reduced their electricity consumption share in comparison with the previous year of 2019. Furthermore, the portfolio of categories presented a wide range of ratios that varied from 56% to 98%, the library category was found to be the most influenced, and the research category was found to be the least influenced. This opened questions like why some facilities were influenced more than others? What can we do to reduce the energy use even more when the facilities are closed? The university buildings presented diverse structures that revealed differences in energy performance, which explained why the impact of such an event (COVID-19 pandemic) is not necessarily relevant to have equivalent variations. Nevertheless, some management deficiencies were detected, and some energy savings measures were proposed to achieve a minimum waste of energy.

ACS Style

Mehdi Chihib; Esther Salmerón-Manzano; Mimoun Chourak; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Energy Use at the University of Almeria (Spain). Sustainability 2021, 13, 5843 .

AMA Style

Mehdi Chihib, Esther Salmerón-Manzano, Mimoun Chourak, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Energy Use at the University of Almeria (Spain). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehdi Chihib; Esther Salmerón-Manzano; Mimoun Chourak; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Energy Use at the University of Almeria (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5843.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Energies
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This paper presents an analysis of sound pressure levels through theoretical modeling and experimental validation in a 1 kW small wind turbine. The models used in the theoretical analysis are BPM (Brooks, Pope, and Marcolini) and BM (Brooks and Marcolini), where wind turbine blades are divided in sections, and each section has its own contribution with respect to the total emitted sound pressure level. The noise propagation study and its experimental validation were accomplished within the requirements of the standard IEC 61400-11 Ed.3 and the standard NOM-081-SEMARNAT-1994. The comparative study of theoretical and experimental results showed that the BPM and BM methods have a maximum error of 5.5% corresponding to the rated wind speed of 10 m/s. However, at low wind speeds, the theoretical models fit well to experimental data, for example, in the range from 5 to 8 m/s. The experimental data showed that the rotor's aerodynamic noise is more evident at low wind speed, because under these conditions, environmental noise is much less than wind turbine noise. Finally, to prevent possible negative effects on people’s health, there is a recommended minimum and suitable distance between small wind turbine installations and buildings.

ACS Style

José Dorrego; Armando Ríos; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Rafael Campos-Amezcua; Reynaldo Iracheta; Orlando Lastres; Pascual López; Antonio Verde; Liliana Hechavarria; Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise in Small Wind Turbines. Energies 2021, 14, 727 .

AMA Style

José Dorrego, Armando Ríos, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Rafael Campos-Amezcua, Reynaldo Iracheta, Orlando Lastres, Pascual López, Antonio Verde, Liliana Hechavarria, Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise in Small Wind Turbines. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):727.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Dorrego; Armando Ríos; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Rafael Campos-Amezcua; Reynaldo Iracheta; Orlando Lastres; Pascual López; Antonio Verde; Liliana Hechavarria; Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2021. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise in Small Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 3: 727.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Electronics
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This study analyzes the numerical convergence and processing time required by several classical and new solution methods proposed in the literature to solve the power-flow problem (PF) in direct-current (DC) networks considering radial and mesh topologies. Three classical numerical methods were studied: Gauss–Jacobi, Gauss–Seidel, and Newton–Raphson. In addition, two unconventional methods were selected. They are iterative and allow solving the DC PF in radial and mesh configurations. The first method uses a Taylor series expansion and a set of decoupling equations to linearize around the desired operating point. The second method manipulates the set of non-linear equations of the DC PF to transform it into a conventional fixed-point form. Moreover, this method is used to develop a successive approximation methodology. For the particular case of radial topology, three methods based on triangular matrix formulation, graph theory, and scanning algorithms were analyzed. The main objective of this study was to identify the methods with the best performance in terms of quality of solution (i.e., numerical convergence) and processing time to solve the DC power flow in mesh and radial distribution networks. We aimed at offering to the reader a set of PF methodologies to analyze electrical DC grids. The PF performance of the analyzed solution methods was evaluated through six test feeders; all of them were employed in prior studies for the same application. The simulation results show the adequate performance of the power-flow methods reviewed in this study, and they permit the selection of the best solution method for radial and mesh structures.

ACS Style

Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña; Oscar Danilo Montoya; Walter Julian Gil-González; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno. A Comparative Study on Power Flow Methods for Direct-Current Networks Considering Processing Time and Numerical Convergence Errors. Electronics 2020, 9, 2062 .

AMA Style

Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Walter Julian Gil-González, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno. A Comparative Study on Power Flow Methods for Direct-Current Networks Considering Processing Time and Numerical Convergence Errors. Electronics. 2020; 9 (12):2062.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña; Oscar Danilo Montoya; Walter Julian Gil-González; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno. 2020. "A Comparative Study on Power Flow Methods for Direct-Current Networks Considering Processing Time and Numerical Convergence Errors." Electronics 9, no. 12: 2062.

Editorial
Published: 05 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The use of renewable energies and energy saving and efficiency are needs of global society and universities. Universities have a large responsibility and social impact, as they are an example and engine of social change. Universities, in the European context, must be at the forefront of sustainability progress, seeking to be at the same level, and preferably higher than the rest of society, seeking the goal of 20% in renewable energy for 2020 and, in the longer term, greater energy efficiency based on a diverse use of renewable energy and studying the feasibility of other energy processes (cogeneration, trigeneration, etc.). The application of renewable energies and efficiency allow universities to make significant savings in their costs and contribute to sustainable development and the fight against climate change. Actions on these aspects in addition to the objective of saving should seek to promote research and form an example for the university community. This Special Issue aims to advance the contribution of energy saving and the use of renewable energies in order to achieve more sustainable universities.

ACS Style

Francisco G. Montoya; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Environmental Energy Sustainability at Universities. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9219 .

AMA Style

Francisco G. Montoya, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Environmental Energy Sustainability at Universities. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco G. Montoya; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2020. "Environmental Energy Sustainability at Universities." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9219.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Electronics
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This paper addresses the problem of the locating and sizing of distributed generators (DGs) in direct current (DC) grids and proposes a hybrid methodology based on a parallel version of the Population-Based Incremental Learning (PPBIL) algorithm and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The objective function of the method is based on the reduction of the power loss by using a master-slave structure and the consideration of the set of restrictions associated with DC grids in a distributed generation environment. In such a structure, the master stage (PPBIL) finds the location of the generators and the slave stage (PSO) finds the corresponding sizes. For the purpose of comparison, eight additional hybrid methods were formed by using two additional location methods and two additional sizing methods, and this helped in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Such an evaluation is illustrated with the electrical test systems composed of 10, 21 and 69 buses and simulated on the software, MATLAB. Finally, the results of the simulation demonstrated that the PPBIL–PSO method obtains the best balance between the reduction of power loss and the processing time.

ACS Style

Luis Grisales-Noreña; Oscar Montoya; Carlos Ramos-Paja; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed Generators in DC Networks Using a Hybrid Method Based on Parallel PBIL and PSO. Electronics 2020, 9, 1808 .

AMA Style

Luis Grisales-Noreña, Oscar Montoya, Carlos Ramos-Paja, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed Generators in DC Networks Using a Hybrid Method Based on Parallel PBIL and PSO. Electronics. 2020; 9 (11):1808.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Grisales-Noreña; Oscar Montoya; Carlos Ramos-Paja; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2020. "Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed Generators in DC Networks Using a Hybrid Method Based on Parallel PBIL and PSO." Electronics 9, no. 11: 1808.

Editorial
Published: 22 July 2020 in Energies
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The use of renewable energies, energy saving, and efficiency are needs of global society. According to the latest estimates, global energy demand could triple by 2050 and, by then, 70% of the world’s population will live in cities. Cities are currently responsible for 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, so they have a key role to play in shifting towards a sustainable energy future. Cities are threatened not only by overcrowding, but also by rising energy demand, obsolete infrastructure, volatile energy markets, and the effects of climate change. This Special Issue aims to advance the contribution of energy saving and the use of renewable energies in order to achieve more sustainable cities.

ACS Style

Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. Energy Saving at Cities. Energies 2020, 13, 3758 .

AMA Style

Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. Energy Saving at Cities. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):3758.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. 2020. "Energy Saving at Cities." Energies 13, no. 15: 3758.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2020 in Sustainability
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According to the Law for the Use of Renewable Energies and the Financing of Energy Transition, Mexico’s goal for 2024 is to generate 35% of its energy from non-fossil sources. Each year, up to 2630 tons of residual biomass from the zapote industry are dismissed without sustainable use. The main purposes of this study were to determine the elemental chemical analysis of the zapote seed and its energy parameters to further evaluate its suitability as a solid biofuel in boilers for the generation of thermal energy in a tropical climate. Additionally, energy, economic, and environmental assessments of the installation were carried out. The results obtained show that zapote seed has a higher heating value (18.342 MJ/kg), which makes it appealing for power generation. The Yucatan Peninsula is the main zapote-producing region, with an annual production of 11,084 tons. If the stone of this fruit were used as biofuel, 7860.87 MWh could be generated and a CO2 saving of 1996.66 tons could be obtained. Additionally, replacing a 200 kW liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) boiler with a biomass boiler using zapote seed as a biofuel would result in a reduction of 60,960.00 kg/year of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, an annual saving of $7819.79 would be obtained, which means a saving of 53.19% relative to the old LPG installation. These results pave the way toward the utilization of zapote seed as a solid biofuel and contribute to achieving Mexico’s energy goal for 2024 while promoting sustainability in universities.

ACS Style

Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Fernando Rueda-Martinez; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Zapote Seed (Pouteria mammosa L.) Valorization for Thermal Energy Generation in Tropical Climates. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4284 .

AMA Style

Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Fernando Rueda-Martinez, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Zapote Seed (Pouteria mammosa L.) Valorization for Thermal Energy Generation in Tropical Climates. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Fernando Rueda-Martinez; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2020. "Zapote Seed (Pouteria mammosa L.) Valorization for Thermal Energy Generation in Tropical Climates." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4284.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2020 in Sustainability
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Universities around the world should be at the forefront of energy-saving and efficiency processes, seeking to be at the same level or preferably higher than the rest of society, and seeking the goal of 20% renewable energy by 2020. Sustainability practices have been carried out by several universities. In Mexico, the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) is a leader in this subject; in fact, the newest National School of Higher Studies - Juriquilla (ENES-J) that belongs to UNAM, located in the city of Queretaro (Mexico), is involved in its sustainability plan, with one of its main objectives being to save electric energy. UNAM has some campuses outside of Mexico City, and one of them is the National School of Higher Studies Juriquilla (ENES-J) in the state of Queretaro, where there is the Orthotics and Prosthetics Laboratory (OPL), in which has been installed a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine type Haas Automation model UMC-750, which has 5-axis and is an effective means to reduce the number of setups and increase accuracy for multi-sided and complex parts. This machine will be used to design, build, and assess human prosthesis. This study aimed to contribute to sustainability policies at the ENES-J from UNAM, implementing a solar photovoltaic system (PVS) to deliver electricity to the grid and contribute to reducing the electricity load at the Orthotics and Prosthetics Laboratory (OPL), as well to propose new research lines to support the sustainability policies in universities, and also proposing a financial analysis. To achieve this, in an area of 96.7 m2, 50 solar panels type mono-Si Advance Power API-M330 with an efficiency of 17.83% and a capacity factor of 20.4% will be installed and will provide 17.25 kW of power and 345 kWh of energy. The financial analysis shows the initial costs of 46,575 USD/kW, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs (savings) of 569 USD/kW-year, a monthly electricity export rate of 0.10 USD/kWh, electricity exported to the grid of 21.5 MWh, and an electricity export revenue of 2,145 USD. To assess the environmental balance with this PVS at ENES-J, an analysis of greenhouse gases (GHG) is carried out by using the RETScreen software. In this analysis, a GHG emission factor of 0.45 tCO2/MWh was found, as well as a savings of 12,089 USD per year.

ACS Style

Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alida Ramirez-Jimenez; Jesús Manuel Dorador-Gonzalez; Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Sustainable Solar Energy in Mexican Universities. Case Study: The National School of Higher Studies Juriquilla (UNAM). Sustainability 2020, 12, 3123 .

AMA Style

Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Alida Ramirez-Jimenez, Jesús Manuel Dorador-Gonzalez, Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Sustainable Solar Energy in Mexican Universities. Case Study: The National School of Higher Studies Juriquilla (UNAM). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alida Ramirez-Jimenez; Jesús Manuel Dorador-Gonzalez; Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2020. "Sustainable Solar Energy in Mexican Universities. Case Study: The National School of Higher Studies Juriquilla (UNAM)." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3123.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Sustainability
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This paper presents an optimization model for the optimal placement and sizing of wind turbines, considering their reactive power capacity, wind speed, and demand curves. The optimization model is nonlinear and is focused on minimizing power losses in AC distribution networks. Also, paired wind turbine and power conversion systems are treated via chargeability factor η at the peak hour. This factor represents the percentage of usage of the power conversion system in the nominal wind speed conditions, and allows to support reactive power dynamically during all periods of the day as a function of the distribution system requirements. In addition, an artificial neural network is used for short-term forecasting to deal with uncertainties in wind power generation. We assume that the number of wind power distributed generators could be from zero to three generators integrated into the system, considering unit power factors and reactive power injections to follow up the effect of reactive power compensation in the daily operation. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is employed to solve the proposed optimization model.

ACS Style

Walter Gil-González; Oscar Danilo Montoya; Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo. Optimal Placement and Sizing of Wind Generators in AC Grids Considering Reactive Power Capability and Wind Speed Curves. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2983 .

AMA Style

Walter Gil-González, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo. Optimal Placement and Sizing of Wind Generators in AC Grids Considering Reactive Power Capability and Wind Speed Curves. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Gil-González; Oscar Danilo Montoya; Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo. 2020. "Optimal Placement and Sizing of Wind Generators in AC Grids Considering Reactive Power Capability and Wind Speed Curves." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2983.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Global energy consumption has increased the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), these being the main cause of global warming. Within renewable energies, bioenergy has undergone a great development in recent years. This is due to its carbon neutral balance and the fact that bioenergy can be obtained from a range of biomass resources, including residues from forestry, agricultural or livestock industries, the rapid rotation of forest plantations, the development of energy crops, organic matter from urban solid waste, and other sources of organic waste from agro-food industries. Processing factories that use loquats to make products such as liqueurs and jams generate large amounts of waste mainly in the form of skin and stones or seeds. These wastes are disposed of and sent to landfills without making environmentally sustainable use of them. The University of Almeria Sports Centre is made up of indoor spaces in which different sports can be practiced: sports centre pavilion (central court and two lateral courts), rocodrome, fitness room, cycle inner room, and indoor swimming pool. At present, the indoor swimming pool of the University of Almeria (UAL) has two fuel oil boilers, with a nominal power of 267 kW. The main objective of this study is to propose an energetic analysis to determine, on the one hand, the energetic properties of the loquat seed and, on the other hand, to evaluate its suitability to be used as a solid biofuel to feed the boilers of the heated swimming pool of the University of Almeria (Spain), highlighting the significant energy and environmental savings obtained. Results show that the higher calorific value of loquat seed (17.205 MJ/kg), is like other industrial wastes such as wheat straw, or pistachio shell, which demonstrates the energy potential of this residual biomass. In addition, the change of the fuel oil boiler to a biomass (loquat seed) boiler in the UAL’s indoor swimming pool means a reduction of 147,973.8 kg of CO2 in emissions into the atmosphere and an annual saving of 35,739.5 €, which means a saving of 72.78% with respect to the previous fuel oil installation. A sensitivity analysis shows that fuel cost of base case is the variable with the most sensitivity changing the initial cost and net present value (NPV).

ACS Style

Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Sustainable Thermal Energy Generation at Universities by Using Loquat Seeds as Biofuel. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2093 .

AMA Style

Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno, Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. Sustainable Thermal Energy Generation at Universities by Using Loquat Seeds as Biofuel. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):2093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. 2020. "Sustainable Thermal Energy Generation at Universities by Using Loquat Seeds as Biofuel." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 2093.

Review
Published: 28 January 2020 in Inventions
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Most offshore wind farms built thus far are based on waters below 30 m deep, either using big diameter steel monopiles or a gravity base. Now, offshore windfarms are starting to be installed in deeper waters and the use of these structures—used for oil and gas like jackets and tripods—is becoming more competitive. Setting aside these calls for direct or fixed foundations, and thinking of water depths beyond 50 m, there is a completely new line of investigation focused on the usage of floating structures; TLP (tension leg platform), Spar (large deep craft cylindrical floating caisson), and semisubmersible are the most studied. We analyze these in detail at the end of this document. Nevertheless, it is foreseen that we must still wait sometime before these solutions, based on floating structures, can become truth from a commercial point of view, due to the higher cost, rather than direct or fixed foundations. In addition, it is more likely that some technical modifications in the wind turbines will have to be implemented to improve their function. Regarding wind farm connections to grid, it can be found from traditional designs such as radial, star or ring. On the other hand, for wind generator modeling, classifications can be established, modeling the wind turbine and modeling the wind farm. Finally, for the wind generator control, the main strategies are: passive stall, active stall, and pitch control; and when it is based on wind generation zone: fixed speed and variable speed. Lastly, the trend is to use strategies based on synchronous machines, as the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and the wound rotor synchronous generator (WRSG).

ACS Style

Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro; Miguel Sánchez-Calero; Alfredo Alcayde; Carlos San-Antonio-Gómez; Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno; Esther Salmeron-Manzano. Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid. Inventions 2020, 5, 8 .

AMA Style

Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, Miguel Sánchez-Calero, Alfredo Alcayde, Carlos San-Antonio-Gómez, Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno, Esther Salmeron-Manzano. Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid. Inventions. 2020; 5 (1):8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro; Miguel Sánchez-Calero; Alfredo Alcayde; Carlos San-Antonio-Gómez; Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno; Esther Salmeron-Manzano. 2020. "Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid." Inventions 5, no. 1: 8.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Energies
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In line with Mexico’s interest in determining its wind resources, in this paper, 141 locations along the states of the Gulf of Mexico have been analyzed by calculating the main wind characteristics, such as the Weibull shape (c) and scale (k) parameters, and wind power density (WPD), by using re-analysis MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2) data with hourly records from 1980–2017 at a 50-m height. The analysis has been carried out using the R free software, whose its principal function is for statistical computing and graphics, to characterize the wind speed and determine its annual and seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) behavior for each state. As a result, the analysis determined two different wind seasons along the Gulf of Mexico;, it was found that in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Tabasco wind season took place during autumn, winter, and spring, while for the states of Campeche and Yucatan, the only two states that shared its coast with the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, the wind season occurred only in winter and spring. In addition, it was found that by considering a seasonal analysis, more accurate information on wind characteristics could be generated; thus, by applying the Weibull distribution function, optimal zones for determining wind as a resource of energy can be established. Furthermore, a k-means algorithm was applied to the wind data, obtaining three clusters that can be seen by month; these results and using the Weibull parameter c allow for selecting the optimum wind turbine based on its power coefficient or efficiency.

ACS Style

Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Gerardo Alcalá; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo. Seasonal Wind Energy Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico. Energies 2019, 13, 93 .

AMA Style

Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, Gerardo Alcalá, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo. Seasonal Wind Energy Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico. Energies. 2019; 13 (1):93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; Gerardo Alcalá; Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo. 2019. "Seasonal Wind Energy Characterization in the Gulf of Mexico." Energies 13, no. 1: 93.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2019 in Telematics and Informatics
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Social networks sites have become the most popular instrument used to communicate and exchange information resulting in the addiction to this media. Previous studies suggested that personal characters play an essential role in addictive behavior and gender difference may be involved. Nevertheless, there are contradictions about the influence of gender. Some studies indicated higher addiction in men. Meanwhile, other researchers pointed out higher addiction among Spanish teenage female. Little studies in the Spanish context have analyzed the different socio-cultural and biological factors possibly related to this addiction and gender differences. With all being said, this study focused on determining the current incidence of social networks addiction in young college students, relating this social networking addiction with loneliness, prenatal testosterone (2D:4D ratio), self-esteem and personal satisfaction. A cross-sectional study focused on female and male college students aged 17–25 years (N = 278) was carried out. It was used several surveys, including the Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (SNA) and the 2D:4D ratio. The results showed difference among male and female about addiction (chi-square = 12.77, p-value = 0.002). Moreover, this addiction was linked with several factors, such as importance given to social networks by females (p-value < 0.001) and males (p-value < 0.001). Also, the findings showed that addiction to social networks might be influenced by gender, showing more importance sociopsychological factors in females and a combination of biological and social factors in the men. Moreover, Instagram has increased as the predominant social network for communication for college students (97.2% men and 93.7% women).

ACS Style

Pilar Aparicio-Martínez; Manuel Ruiz-Rubio; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; María Pilar Martínez-Jiménez; Claudia Pagliari; María Dolores Redel-Macías; Manuel Vaquero-Abellán. Gender differences in the addiction to social networks in the Southern Spanish university students. Telematics and Informatics 2019, 46, 101304 .

AMA Style

Pilar Aparicio-Martínez, Manuel Ruiz-Rubio, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, María Pilar Martínez-Jiménez, Claudia Pagliari, María Dolores Redel-Macías, Manuel Vaquero-Abellán. Gender differences in the addiction to social networks in the Southern Spanish university students. Telematics and Informatics. 2019; 46 ():101304.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Aparicio-Martínez; Manuel Ruiz-Rubio; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; María Pilar Martínez-Jiménez; Claudia Pagliari; María Dolores Redel-Macías; Manuel Vaquero-Abellán. 2019. "Gender differences in the addiction to social networks in the Southern Spanish university students." Telematics and Informatics 46, no. : 101304.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Disordered eating attitudes are rapidly increasing, especially among young women in their twenties. These disordered behaviours result from the interaction of several factors, including beauty ideals. A significant factor is social media, by which the unrealistic beauty ideals are popularized and may lead to these behaviours. The objectives of this study were, first, to determine the relationship between disordered eating behaviours among female university students and sociocultural factors, such as the use of social network sites, beauty ideals, body satisfaction, body image and the body image desired to achieve and, second, to determine whether there is a sensitive relationship between disordered eating attitudes, addiction to social networks, and testosterone levels as a biological factor. The data (N = 168) was obtained using validated surveys (EAT-26, BSQ, CIPE-a, SNSA) and indirect measures of prenatal testosterone. The data was analysed using chi-square, Student’s t-test, correlation tests and logistic regression tests. The results showed that disordered eating attitudes were linked to self-esteem (p < 0.001), body image (p < 0.001), body desired to achieve (p < 0.001), the use of social media (p < 0.001) and prenatal testosterone (p < 0.01). The findings presented in this study suggest a relationship between body image, body concerns, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating attitudes among college women.

ACS Style

Pilar Aparicio-Martinez; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; María Pilar Martinez-Jimenez; María Dolores Redel-Macías; Claudia Pagliari; Manuel Vaquero-Abellan; Aparicio- Martinez; Perea- Moreno; Martinez- Jimenez; Redel- Macías; Vaquero- Abellan. Social Media, Thin-Ideal, Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Attitudes: An Exploratory Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4177 .

AMA Style

Pilar Aparicio-Martinez, Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, María Pilar Martinez-Jimenez, María Dolores Redel-Macías, Claudia Pagliari, Manuel Vaquero-Abellan, Aparicio- Martinez, Perea- Moreno, Martinez- Jimenez, Redel- Macías, Vaquero- Abellan. Social Media, Thin-Ideal, Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Attitudes: An Exploratory Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (21):4177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pilar Aparicio-Martinez; Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno; María Pilar Martinez-Jimenez; María Dolores Redel-Macías; Claudia Pagliari; Manuel Vaquero-Abellan; Aparicio- Martinez; Perea- Moreno; Martinez- Jimenez; Redel- Macías; Vaquero- Abellan. 2019. "Social Media, Thin-Ideal, Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Attitudes: An Exploratory Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4177.