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Dr. Michael Martin
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute

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0 Bioenergy
0 Life Cycle Assessment
0 Sustainability
0 Urban Agriculture
0 circular economy

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Life Cycle Assessment
Sustainability
industrial symbiosis
circular economy

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Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Sustainable Production and Consumption
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The clothing industry has been active in recent years to develop more sustainable and circular business models, with extensive attention to fossil fibers and cotton, although wool has received little academic attention. This study follows the valorization process of conventionally discarded wool from a sheep farm in Sweden to produce a wool sweater. The aim is to highlight important environmental and social hotspots for valorizing the waste wool in a new supply chain for the clothing company. The study employs life cycle assessment (LCA) and social life cycle assessment (SLCA) with the PSILCA database to assess different supply chains. The LCA results illustrate that the supply chain valorizing waste wool significantly reduces environmental impacts compared to conventional supply chains of merino wool. The processing of the wool and sweater assembly contributes to the largest share of the environmental impacts and is sensitive to the choice of electricity mix employed for processing and manufacturing. The results from the SLCA suggest that the supply chains involving primarily European producers have fewer social risks than the conventional supply chains for wool. Large social risks are present in the shipping between production sites in Europe, and manufacturing facilities for the wool garments, pointing to the care required to ensure social responsibility along the supply chain. The SLCA results are sensitive to the cost assumptions made for activities along the supply chain. The results provide empirical evidence and highlight areas to improve the environmental land social implications for developing a new circular supply chain.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Sjoerd Herlaar. Environmental and social performance of valorizing waste wool for sweater production. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2020, 25, 425 -438.

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Sjoerd Herlaar. Environmental and social performance of valorizing waste wool for sweater production. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2020; 25 ():425-438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Sjoerd Herlaar. 2020. "Environmental and social performance of valorizing waste wool for sweater production." Sustainable Production and Consumption 25, no. : 425-438.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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To address increasing environmental sustainability concerns among consumers, many companies have developed approaches to provide functions, rather than products through product-service systems (PSS). This study evaluates a use-oriented tool rental service from Husqvarna, called ‘Tools for you,’ with the aim to identify critical processes to improve the sustainability of the offering. The environmental implications of the system are assessed using life cycle assessment for the annual service of one electric chainsaw and compared with a conventional sales alternative. The results suggest that rental service is influenced extensively by the location of the rental depot. Furthermore, while the impacts of the product and accessories, infrastructure, waste management, and use are reduced compared to the sales alternative, their contribution is only minor compared to environmental impacts from transportation. The results are also sensitive to the methodological choices, where the lifetime of the products, data choices, transportation assumptions, maintenance intervals, and other user-related variables for the use of the products have a significant influence on the results. The conclusions confirm and extend previous assertions on the challenges of applying LCA to PSS and add to the emerging literature on sustainable business models through empirical evidence from a case study. The findings also point to the holistic insights required to optimize the potential environmental sustainability of the services for Husqvarna and other retailers interested in adopting use-oriented business models. Future research could focus on the geographical differences of the rental lockers worldwide, models for optimizing their location, in addition to further input on user behavior, and the role of refurbishment and remanufacturing for more robust analyses of the sustainability of PSS offerings.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Mirjami Heiska; Anna Björklund. Environmental assessment of a product-service system for renting electric-powered tools. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 281, 125245 .

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Mirjami Heiska, Anna Björklund. Environmental assessment of a product-service system for renting electric-powered tools. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 281 ():125245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Mirjami Heiska; Anna Björklund. 2020. "Environmental assessment of a product-service system for renting electric-powered tools." Journal of Cleaner Production 281, no. : 125245.

Review
Published: 29 September 2020 in Sustainable Production and Consumption
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The Circular Economy (CE) concept is receiving increasing global attention and has captivated many disciplines, from sustainability through to business and economics. There is currently a strong drive by companies, academics and governments alike to implement the CE. Numerous “circularity indicators” have emerged that measure material flow or recirculated value of a system (e.g. product or nation). However, if its implementation is to improve environmental performance of society, the action must be based on scientific evidence and quantification or it may risk driving “circularity for circularity's sake”. This paper, therefore, aims to review the recent circular economy literature that focuses on assessing the environmental implications of circularity of products and services. To do this we divide the system levels into micro (product level), meso (industrial estate/symbiosis) and macro (national or city level). A scoping literature review explores the assessment methods and indicators at each level. The results suggest that few studies compare circularity indicators with environmental performance or link the circularity indicators between society levels (e.g. the micro and macro-levels). However, adequate tools exist at each level (e.g. life cycle assessment (LCA) at the micro-level and multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis at the macro-level) to provide the ability to adequately assess and track the CE performance if placed within a suitable framework. The challenge to connect the micro and macro-levels remains. This would help understand the link between changes at the micro-level at the macro-level, and the environmental consequences. At the meso-level, industrial symbiosis continues to grow in potential, but there is a need for further research on the assessment of its contribution to environmental improvement. In addition, there is limited understanding of the use phase. For example, national monitoring programmes do not have indicators on stocks of materials or the extent of the circular economy processes (such as the reuse economy, maintenance and spare parts) which already contribute to the CE. The societal needs/functions framework offers a promising meso-level link to bridge the micro and macro-levels for assessment, monitoring and setting thresholds.

ACS Style

Steve Harris; Michael Martin; Derek Diener. Circularity for circularity's sake? Scoping review of assessment methods for environmental performance in the circular economy. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2020, 26, 172 -186.

AMA Style

Steve Harris, Michael Martin, Derek Diener. Circularity for circularity's sake? Scoping review of assessment methods for environmental performance in the circular economy. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2020; 26 ():172-186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steve Harris; Michael Martin; Derek Diener. 2020. "Circularity for circularity's sake? Scoping review of assessment methods for environmental performance in the circular economy." Sustainable Production and Consumption 26, no. : 172-186.

Editorial
Published: 27 May 2020 in Sustainability
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The concept of sustainability is a clear blue sea, a snowy mountain, a flowery meadow, in which there is resource sharing that allows us to satisfy human needs without damaging natural resources. The challenge is complex, and we hope to support the decarbonization of our society and mitigate climate changes. This Special Issue aims to outline different approaches in several sectors with a common point of view: seeing our world with a green perception and encouraging a sustainable revolution to provide a cleaner world.

ACS Style

Idiano D’Adamo; Pasquale Marcello Falcone; Michael Martin; Paolo Rosa. A Sustainable Revolution: Let’s Go Sustainable to Get Our Globe Cleaner. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4387 .

AMA Style

Idiano D’Adamo, Pasquale Marcello Falcone, Michael Martin, Paolo Rosa. A Sustainable Revolution: Let’s Go Sustainable to Get Our Globe Cleaner. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4387.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Idiano D’Adamo; Pasquale Marcello Falcone; Michael Martin; Paolo Rosa. 2020. "A Sustainable Revolution: Let’s Go Sustainable to Get Our Globe Cleaner." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4387.

Chapter
Published: 06 February 2020 in Life Cycle Assessment in the Chemical Product Chain
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The application of industrial symbiosis to chemical processes is made possible by considering physical by-products as new sources in spite of potential waste. The by-product acts as a substitution of raw materials in symbiotic chemical companies, possibly taking into account geographical proximity. While advantages appear evident in terms of reduced cost savings and resource consumption, benefits related to other environmental impacts seem to be less clear. This chapter deals with different case studies of industrial symbiosis and how these are treated according to literature, regulatory approaches and main guidelines. Once the different approaches and their range of applications are presented, the chapter describes the main barriers and strengths in the application of these rules to the chemical sector. Finally, the identified approaches are applied to a specific case of industrial symbiosis in the chemical sector by illustrating how the single data can be calculated and can quantitatively change. This chapter aims to guide the LCA practitioner through an agile set of rules in modelling industrial symbiosis in an LCA perspective and to provide a quantitative evaluation of the effects that a modelling choice may produce with respect to another.

ACS Style

Emanuela Viganò; Carlo Brondi; Simone Cornago; Antonio Caretta; Letizia Bua; Lino Carnelli; Giovanni Dotelli; Michael Martin; Andrea Ballarino. The LCA Modelling of Chemical Companies in the Industrial Symbiosis Perspective: Allocation Approaches and Regulatory Framework. Life Cycle Assessment in the Chemical Product Chain 2020, 75 -98.

AMA Style

Emanuela Viganò, Carlo Brondi, Simone Cornago, Antonio Caretta, Letizia Bua, Lino Carnelli, Giovanni Dotelli, Michael Martin, Andrea Ballarino. The LCA Modelling of Chemical Companies in the Industrial Symbiosis Perspective: Allocation Approaches and Regulatory Framework. Life Cycle Assessment in the Chemical Product Chain. 2020; ():75-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emanuela Viganò; Carlo Brondi; Simone Cornago; Antonio Caretta; Letizia Bua; Lino Carnelli; Giovanni Dotelli; Michael Martin; Andrea Ballarino. 2020. "The LCA Modelling of Chemical Companies in the Industrial Symbiosis Perspective: Allocation Approaches and Regulatory Framework." Life Cycle Assessment in the Chemical Product Chain , no. : 75-98.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Vertical farming has emerged in urban areas as an approach to provide more resilient food production. However, a substantial share of the material requirements come from outside their urban environments. With urban environments producing a large share of residual and waste streams, extensive protential exists to employ these material and energy streams as inputs in urban farming systems to promote more circular economy approaches. The aim of this article is to assess the environmental performance of employing residual material flows for vertical hydroponic farming in urban environments in order to support more circular, resilient, and sustainable urban food supply. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to assess replacing conventional growing media and fertilizers with urban residual streams. Paper, compost, and brewers’ spent grains were assessed for replacements to conventional gardening soil employed in the studied system. Biogas digestate was also assessed as a replacement for conventional fertilizers used in the recirculating water bath. The results suggest that large environmental performance benefits are illustrated when conventional growing media is replaced. Although not as significant, employing fertilizers from residual urban streams also leads to large potential benefits, suggesting the two residual streams have the potential for more circular hydroponic systems.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Sofia Poulikidou; Elvira Molin. Exploring the Environmental Performance of Urban Symbiosis for Vertical Hydroponic Farming. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6724 .

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Sofia Poulikidou, Elvira Molin. Exploring the Environmental Performance of Urban Symbiosis for Vertical Hydroponic Farming. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Sofia Poulikidou; Elvira Molin. 2019. "Exploring the Environmental Performance of Urban Symbiosis for Vertical Hydroponic Farming." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6724.

Research and analysis
Published: 27 August 2019 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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Industrial symbiosis (IS), where different entities collaborate in the management of energy, utilities, materials, or services, has been identified as an approach to improve resource efficiency and circularity in industry. This article assesses the environmental performance of an IS network with firms involved in waste management, soil, surfaces, paper, lumber, and energy. The aim is to highlight the environmental performance of an IS network and pay particular attention to the improved performance for products in the IS network. Life cycle assessment is used to compare the current IS network with a reference scenario and a potential future development. The results suggest that there are significant benefits from the IS network. Large reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and abiotic resource depletion were identified. Furthermore, large reductions in local impacts, namely eutrophication and acidification impacts are illustrated. It was shown that all firms in the network benefit from the synergies involved, with a large share of the benefits stemming from the facilitated exchanges with the waste management company. The replacement of conventional products and energy streams with bio‐based counterparts from within the network is of significant importance. Finally, the results point to the importance of the facilitation of by‐product synergies, and the significant value this creates in the region, with large potential to improve the environmental performance of firms and their products.

ACS Style

Michael Martin. Evaluating the environmental performance of producing soil and surfaces through industrial symbiosis. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2019, 24, 626 -638.

AMA Style

Michael Martin. Evaluating the environmental performance of producing soil and surfaces through industrial symbiosis. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2019; 24 (3):626-638.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin. 2019. "Evaluating the environmental performance of producing soil and surfaces through industrial symbiosis." Journal of Industrial Ecology 24, no. 3: 626-638.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2019 in Sustainability
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With an expanding population and changing dynamics in global food markets, it is important to find solutions for more resilient food production methods closer to urban environments. Recently, vertical farming systems have emerged as a potential solution for urban farming. However, although there is an increasing body of literature reviewing the potential of urban and vertical farming systems, only a limited number of studies have reviewed the sustainability of these systems. The aim of this article was to understand the environmental impacts of vertical hydroponic farming in urban environments applied to a case study vertical hydroponic farm in Stockholm, Sweden. This was carried out by evaluating environmental performance using a life cycle perspective to assess the environmental impacts and comparing to potential scenarios for improvement options. The results suggest that important aspects for the vertical hydroponic system include the growing medium, pots, electricity demand, the transportation of raw materials and product deliveries. By replacing plastic pots with paper pots, large reductions in GHG emissions, acidification impacts, and abiotic resource depletion are possible. Replacing conventional gardening soil as the growing medium with coir also leads to large environmental impact reductions. However, in order to further reduce the impacts from the system, more resource-efficient steps will be needed to improve impacts from electricity demand, and there is potential to develop more symbiotic exchanges to employ urban wastes and by-products.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Elvira Molin. Environmental Assessment of an Urban Vertical Hydroponic Farming System in Sweden. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4124 .

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Elvira Molin. Environmental Assessment of an Urban Vertical Hydroponic Farming System in Sweden. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Elvira Molin. 2019. "Environmental Assessment of an Urban Vertical Hydroponic Farming System in Sweden." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4124.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2019 in Sustainability
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Collaborative consumption—through sharing services—has been promoted as an important step in transforming current consumption patterns toward more sustainable practices. Whilst there are high expectations for sharing services, there are few studies on the potential environmental benefits and impacts of sharing services. This study aims to analyze the potential environmental impacts of a peer-to-peer (P2P) product sharing platform and potential integration with a package drop-off/pick-up service in the urban district of Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm, Sweden. A life cycle approach is adopted, taking into account product lifetime and use, the potential replacement of conventional products and services, impacts from digital infrastructure and their impacts on the environment. The results indicate that there is significant potential for these sharing services to reduce environmental impacts associated with production and consumption; primarily through avoiding production and reducing the production impacts of new product purchases. The results also illustrate potential synergies to integrate with the package drop-off/pick up service; where the impacts from shared products are further reduced by reducing transportation impacts through improved logistics. However, the results are dependent upon, and sensitive to, a number of methodological choices and assumptions; highlighting the need for greater knowledge on the use environmental assessments of sharing services.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; David Lazarevic; Charlie Gullström. Assessing the Environmental Potential of Collaborative Consumption: Peer-to-Peer Product Sharing in Hammarby Sjöstad, Sweden. Sustainability 2019, 11, 190 .

AMA Style

Michael Martin, David Lazarevic, Charlie Gullström. Assessing the Environmental Potential of Collaborative Consumption: Peer-to-Peer Product Sharing in Hammarby Sjöstad, Sweden. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (1):190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; David Lazarevic; Charlie Gullström. 2019. "Assessing the Environmental Potential of Collaborative Consumption: Peer-to-Peer Product Sharing in Hammarby Sjöstad, Sweden." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 190.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Applied Ecology and Environmental Research
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ACS Style

N Akhtar; Z Saqib; M I Khan; Michael Martin; S B Atif; M H Zaman. A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH REGARDING INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: A PATH TOWARDS URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESILIENCE. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2019, 17, 1159 -1221.

AMA Style

N Akhtar, Z Saqib, M I Khan, Michael Martin, S B Atif, M H Zaman. A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH REGARDING INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: A PATH TOWARDS URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESILIENCE. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 2019; 17 (1):1159-1221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N Akhtar; Z Saqib; M I Khan; Michael Martin; S B Atif; M H Zaman. 2019. "A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH REGARDING INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: A PATH TOWARDS URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESILIENCE." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17, no. 1: 1159-1221.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2018 in Resources
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Relatively few consumers are conscious of the waste generated in the course of producing the goods that they consume, although most are aware of the amount of waste they dispose of. This article reports on a small-scale survey (N = 28) among stakeholders aimed at developing adequate communication of preconsumer waste footprints of consumer goods in the context of the circular economy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners and consumers assessed five methodological details of an approach for calculating and communicating a product waste footprint (PWF). Most of the respondents expressed that the guidelines described in the proposed PWF methodology are good enough for the purposes of differentiating waste and byproducts, and defining which material flow shall be accounted for. Some LCA practitioners declared that the proposed streamlined method may not be adequate for conveying the environmental significance of waste types. The respondents also expressed that the PWF concept would be primarily useful and/or needed for consumers and government, and in the contexts of improving environmental awareness of consumers, environmental policy making, visualizing waste flows in a circular economy, and improving resource efficiency in industry, and less useful/needed in a business-to-business context. The PWF has been successfully used by diverse stakeholder groups in Sweden mostly to promote sustainable production and consumption across society. A notable example is the ‘invisible waste’ (#invisiblewaste) campaign of the Swedish Waste Management Association (Avfall Sverige). The concerns of the LCA experts have therefore not held true. The symbolic power and parsimony of the PWF concept appears to be effective in sensitizing consumers towards waste issues so that circular economy strategies beyond recycling are possible to be fully realized.

ACS Style

Rafael Laurenti; Michael Martin; Åsa Stenmarck. Developing Adequate Communication of Waste Footprints of Products for a Circular Economy—A Stakeholder Consultation. Resources 2018, 7, 78 .

AMA Style

Rafael Laurenti, Michael Martin, Åsa Stenmarck. Developing Adequate Communication of Waste Footprints of Products for a Circular Economy—A Stakeholder Consultation. Resources. 2018; 7 (4):78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Laurenti; Michael Martin; Åsa Stenmarck. 2018. "Developing Adequate Communication of Waste Footprints of Products for a Circular Economy—A Stakeholder Consultation." Resources 7, no. 4: 78.

Research article
Published: 10 August 2018 in Business Strategy and the Environment
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Since the introduction of the European Union's Renewable Energy Directive (RED), biofuel‐producing firms are required to perform life cycle assessment (LCA) based greenhouse gas accounting in order to fulfill part of directive's sustainability criteria. This paper adopts the concepts of “governing by standards” and “governing by numbers” to understand the LCA practices of biofuel‐producing firms and assess the critical moments of friction between these alternative modes of governance. We focus our analysis on the use of LCA in the Swedish biofuel industry, undertaking case studies on the use of LCA in four Swedish biofuel‐producing firms and semistructured interviews with industry associations and governmental bodies. Results indicated that the RED not only influences what biofuel sustainability entails but also structures the calculative practices used to measure it. At the same time, our results point to friction between achieving regulatory compliance and improving biofuel sustainability.

ACS Style

David Lazarevic; Michael Martin. Life cycle assessment calculative practices in the Swedish biofuel sector: Governing biofuel sustainability by standards and numbers. Business Strategy and the Environment 2018, 27, 1558 -1568.

AMA Style

David Lazarevic, Michael Martin. Life cycle assessment calculative practices in the Swedish biofuel sector: Governing biofuel sustainability by standards and numbers. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2018; 27 (8):1558-1568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Lazarevic; Michael Martin. 2018. "Life cycle assessment calculative practices in the Swedish biofuel sector: Governing biofuel sustainability by standards and numbers." Business Strategy and the Environment 27, no. 8: 1558-1568.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2018 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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In order to enable industrial symbiosis (IS) as an approach for regional sustainable development, it is important that stakeholders involved in facilitating symbiotic exchanges can measure and comprehend the potential benefits and impacts. However, previous assessments have been sporadic and limited to only a few indicators, primarily focused only on existing IS examples or networks and very few have examined potential developments. This study expands the assessment of IS networks by reviewing the environmental and socio-economic implications of an emerging network on the west coast of Sweden using life cycle assessment and socio-economic assessments to illustrate the implications for the firms of the network and regional sustainability. The results suggest that the IS network has the potential to make a positive contribution to the environmental performance of the industries and the socio-economic status of the region. Of key importance is the potential to cascade the use of nutrients and avoid large eutrophication impacts to the neighboring sea in addition to the large greenhouse gas emissions reductions by avoiding and replacing conventional processes and products. The socio-economic assessment illustrated that the IS network could make a substantial contribution to the region for job creation, revenues, local skills base, research and innovation and regional identity. The results provide insights on the potential of industrial symbiosis for regional sustainable development, which may be important for decision makers, firms involved in the network and municipalities, nationally and internationally to advance local efforts with facilitating industrial symbiosis and to understand how these networks can be assessed.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Steve Harris. Prospecting the sustainability implications of an emerging industrial symbiosis network. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2018, 138, 246 -256.

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Steve Harris. Prospecting the sustainability implications of an emerging industrial symbiosis network. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018; 138 ():246-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Steve Harris. 2018. "Prospecting the sustainability implications of an emerging industrial symbiosis network." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 138, no. : 246-256.

Review
Published: 20 February 2018 in Sustainability
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Policymakers worldwide are promoting the use of bio-based products as part of sustainable development. Nonetheless, there are concerns that the bio-based economy may undermine the sustainability of the transition, e.g., from the overexploitation of biomass resources and indirect impacts of land use. Adequate assessment methods with a broad systems perspective are thus required in order to ensure a transition to a sustainable, bio-based economy. We review the scientifically published life cycle studies of bio-based products in order to investigate the extent to which they include important sustainability indicators. To define which indicators are important, we refer to established frameworks for sustainability assessment, and include an Open Space workshop with academics and industrial experts. The results suggest that there is a discrepancy between the indicators that we found to be important, and the indicators that are frequently included in the studies. This indicates a need for the development and dissemination of improved methods in order to model several important environmental impacts, such as: water depletion, indirect land use change, and impacts on ecosystem quality and biological diversity. The small number of published social life cycle assessments (SLCAs) and life cycle sustainability assessments (LCSAs) indicate that these are still immature tools; as such, there is a need for improved methods and more case studies.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Frida Røyne; Tomas Ekvall; Åsa Moberg. Life Cycle Sustainability Evaluations of Bio-based Value Chains: Reviewing the Indicators from A Swedish Perspective. Sustainability 2018, 10, 547 .

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Frida Røyne, Tomas Ekvall, Åsa Moberg. Life Cycle Sustainability Evaluations of Bio-based Value Chains: Reviewing the Indicators from A Swedish Perspective. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):547.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Frida Røyne; Tomas Ekvall; Åsa Moberg. 2018. "Life Cycle Sustainability Evaluations of Bio-based Value Chains: Reviewing the Indicators from A Swedish Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 547.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Sustainability
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In recent years, a growing interest from consumers to know the origins and contents of foods has put alternative choices, such as organic foods and dietary changes, on the agenda. Dietary choices are important to address, as many studies find that activities related to food production account for nearly 20–30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nonetheless, while GHG emissions are important, often other environmental impact categories are not considered in the assessment of the sustainability of different foods, diets and choices. This study aims to quantify the implications of dietary choices for Swedish food consumption on a broad range of environmental impact categories using life cycle assessment to provide insight into the impacts, and potential tradeoffs, associated with certain food products and dietary choices. Scenarios are used to assess the implications of diets with reduced meat, increased Swedish food consumption, increased organic foods, vegan and semi-vegetarian diets. The results indicate that tradeoffs could be possible with certain dietary choices. Increasing Swedish food production and consumption may lead to lower impacts for all impact categories by reducing imports, although limitations in growing season and availability of foods in Sweden allows only for minor increases. The results also indicate that large reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are possible by reducing meat consumption, i.e., by halving meat consumption and through vegan and vegetarian diets. Nonetheless, an increase in vegetable, legume and fruit products may lead to a potential increase in human and ecosystem toxicity. Diets based on nutritional guidelines, show reductions in all impact categories, as these guidelines call for an increase in vegetables and fruits and a reduction in meat consumption. An increase in organic foods showed no significant change in climate impact, although toxicity potential was reduced significantly. Increasing consumption of organic foods may also lead to a reduction in biodiversity damage potential, and if all food is produced organically, it risks increasing eutrophication and land use.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Miguel Brandão. Evaluating the Environmental Consequences of Swedish Food Consumption and Dietary Choices. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2227 .

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Miguel Brandão. Evaluating the Environmental Consequences of Swedish Food Consumption and Dietary Choices. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (12):2227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Miguel Brandão. 2017. "Evaluating the Environmental Consequences of Swedish Food Consumption and Dietary Choices." Sustainability 9, no. 12: 2227.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2017 in Biofuels
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ACS Style

Michael Martin; Elisabeth Wetterlund; Roman Hackl; Kristina M. Holmgren; Philip Peck. Assessing the aggregated environmental benefits from by-product and utility synergies in the Swedish biofuel industry. Biofuels 2017, 11, 683 -698.

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Elisabeth Wetterlund, Roman Hackl, Kristina M. Holmgren, Philip Peck. Assessing the aggregated environmental benefits from by-product and utility synergies in the Swedish biofuel industry. Biofuels. 2017; 11 (6):683-698.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Elisabeth Wetterlund; Roman Hackl; Kristina M. Holmgren; Philip Peck. 2017. "Assessing the aggregated environmental benefits from by-product and utility synergies in the Swedish biofuel industry." Biofuels 11, no. 6: 683-698.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2017 in Biofuels
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ACS Style

Michael Martin; Mathias Larsson; Felipe Oliveira; Tomas Rydberg. Reviewing the environmental implications of increased consumption and trade of biofuels for transportation in Sweden. Biofuels 2017, 11, 175 -189.

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Mathias Larsson, Felipe Oliveira, Tomas Rydberg. Reviewing the environmental implications of increased consumption and trade of biofuels for transportation in Sweden. Biofuels. 2017; 11 (2):175-189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Mathias Larsson; Felipe Oliveira; Tomas Rydberg. 2017. "Reviewing the environmental implications of increased consumption and trade of biofuels for transportation in Sweden." Biofuels 11, no. 2: 175-189.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2017 in Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies
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ACS Style

Miguel Brandão; Michael Martin; Annette Cowie; Lorie Hamelin; Alessandra Zamagni. Consequential Life Cycle Assessment: What, How, and Why? Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies 2017, 277 -284.

AMA Style

Miguel Brandão, Michael Martin, Annette Cowie, Lorie Hamelin, Alessandra Zamagni. Consequential Life Cycle Assessment: What, How, and Why? Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies. 2017; ():277-284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Brandão; Michael Martin; Annette Cowie; Lorie Hamelin; Alessandra Zamagni. 2017. "Consequential Life Cycle Assessment: What, How, and Why?" Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies , no. : 277-284.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

David Lazarevic; Michael Martin. Life cycle assessments, carbon footprints and carbon visions: Analysing environmental systems analyses of transportation biofuels in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 137, 249 -257.

AMA Style

David Lazarevic, Michael Martin. Life cycle assessments, carbon footprints and carbon visions: Analysing environmental systems analyses of transportation biofuels in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 137 ():249-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Lazarevic; Michael Martin. 2016. "Life cycle assessments, carbon footprints and carbon visions: Analysing environmental systems analyses of transportation biofuels in Sweden." Journal of Cleaner Production 137, no. : 249-257.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2016 in Sustainability
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This study will review the environmental implications of dynamic policy objectives and instruments outlined in the European Union 7th Framework Programme (EU-FP7) Project DYNAmic policy MIXes for absolute decoupling of EU resource use from economic growth (DYNAMIX) to address reductions in food consumption, food waste and a change in waste handling systems. The environmental implications of reductions in protein intake, food waste reductions, food waste management and donations are addressed using a life cycle approach to find the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and water consumption. Data are provided from the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT) food balance sheets for the European Union (EU) with a base year of 2010 and life cycle inventory (LCI) data from a meta-study of available GHG, land use and water consumption data for major food products. The implications are reviewed using a number of scenarios for the years 2030 and 2050 assuming policy instruments are fully effective. Results indicate that reductions in animal-based protein consumption significantly reduce environmental impacts, followed thereafter by reductions in food waste (assuming this also reduces food consumption). Despite the positive implications the policy mixes may have for targets for decoupling, they are not enough to meet GHG emissions targets for the EU outlined in the DYNAMIX project, although land and water use have no significant change compared to 2010 levels.

ACS Style

Michael Martin; Lina Danielsson. Environmental Implications of Dynamic Policies on Food Consumption and Waste Handling in the European Union. Sustainability 2016, 8, 282 .

AMA Style

Michael Martin, Lina Danielsson. Environmental Implications of Dynamic Policies on Food Consumption and Waste Handling in the European Union. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (3):282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Martin; Lina Danielsson. 2016. "Environmental Implications of Dynamic Policies on Food Consumption and Waste Handling in the European Union." Sustainability 8, no. 3: 282.