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Previous studies have reported differences between men and women in the adoption of preventive behaviors against infectious diseases. This study aims to examine gender differences on a set of psychosocial factors shown to influence preventive behaviors against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. We conducted a web survey (N = 1.004) a few weeks after the end of the peak of the first wave of infections in Chile. The survey assessed participants’ perception of risk and worry about the COVID-19 pandemic, confidence in the government’s competence and integrity in dealing with the crisis, attribution of responsibility to various stakeholders, and adoption of preventive behaviors such as hygiene, distancing, and information-seeking. Our results confirm significant gender-based differences for both the psychosocial factors and the adoption of preventive behaviors. We conclude that women show a higher level of worry and fear of the pandemic and are keener to adopt preventive hygiene and social distancing behaviors. Similarly, participants report a low level of trust in government authorities, with women reporting the lowest trust level. The implications of these findings for the design of future risk communication strategies are discussed.
Nicolás Bronfman; Paula Repetto; Paola Cordón; Javiera Castañeda; Pamela Cisternas. Gender Differences on Psychosocial Factors Affecting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6148 .
AMA StyleNicolás Bronfman, Paula Repetto, Paola Cordón, Javiera Castañeda, Pamela Cisternas. Gender Differences on Psychosocial Factors Affecting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolás Bronfman; Paula Repetto; Paola Cordón; Javiera Castañeda; Pamela Cisternas. 2021. "Gender Differences on Psychosocial Factors Affecting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6148.
The COVID-19 pandemic forced people worldwide to implement a series of preventive hygiene and distancing measures that have significantly altered their way of life. This study examined an adapted version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on adopting preventive behavior against COVID-19. Data was collected using a web survey completed by 1004 college students a few weeks after the first wave of infections in Chile. Our findings show that the subjective norm was the strongest predictor of adopting preventive behaviors, followed by the knowledge level and perceived behavioral control. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence that an attitude towards preventive action predicted actual adoption of preventive behavior against COVID-19. However, knowledge and social norms play a significant role. We discuss implications for effective risk communication.
Nicolás Bronfman; Paula Repetto; Pamela Cisternas; Javiera Castañeda. Factors Influencing the Adoption of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Chile. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5331 .
AMA StyleNicolás Bronfman, Paula Repetto, Pamela Cisternas, Javiera Castañeda. Factors Influencing the Adoption of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Chile. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolás Bronfman; Paula Repetto; Pamela Cisternas; Javiera Castañeda. 2021. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Chile." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5331.
Manuel S. Ortiz; Báltica Cabieses; Paula Repetto. Type 2 diabetes in young people: Adding socioeconomic inequality to the discussion. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2019, 156, 107795 .
AMA StyleManuel S. Ortiz, Báltica Cabieses, Paula Repetto. Type 2 diabetes in young people: Adding socioeconomic inequality to the discussion. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2019; 156 ():107795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel S. Ortiz; Báltica Cabieses; Paula Repetto. 2019. "Type 2 diabetes in young people: Adding socioeconomic inequality to the discussion." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 156, no. : 107795.
In the second edition of this encyclopedia, we present a broad overview of the history of health promotion and introduce new elements to the discussion of how health promotion has evolved around the world. In this attempt, we hope to provide a wider perspective of the history of health promotion and to discuss present and future challenges. The term health promotion has been defined in many different ways (Bloom, 1996; Kemm & Close, 1995). For example, in 1974, Lalonde defined it as a strategy “aimed at informing, influencing, and assisting both individuals and organizations so that they will accept more responsibility and be more active in matters affecting mental and physical health” (Lalonde, 1974, p. 66). The World Health Organization (WHO) (1986) defined it as “the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.” Similar to the WHO definition, Nutbeam (1985) defines health promotion as “the process of enabling people to inc ...
Paula B. Repetto; Margarita Bernales; Báltica Cabieses. History of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion. Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion 2014, 13 -31.
AMA StylePaula B. Repetto, Margarita Bernales, Báltica Cabieses. History of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion. Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion. 2014; ():13-31.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula B. Repetto; Margarita Bernales; Báltica Cabieses. 2014. "History of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion." Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion , no. : 13-31.
Cigarette smoking among adolescents is a major health problem in Chile, which is determined by several factors. Among these, it is important the role of perceived norms regarding cigarette use among peers and the general population.
Paula Repetto; Margarita Bernales. ¿Cuántas personas fuman?: Percepción del nivel de consumo y su relación con el consumo de cigarrillos en adolescentes chilenos. Revista médica de Chile 2012, 140, 740 -745.
AMA StylePaula Repetto, Margarita Bernales. ¿Cuántas personas fuman?: Percepción del nivel de consumo y su relación con el consumo de cigarrillos en adolescentes chilenos. Revista médica de Chile. 2012; 140 (6):740-745.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Repetto; Margarita Bernales. 2012. "¿Cuántas personas fuman?: Percepción del nivel de consumo y su relación con el consumo de cigarrillos en adolescentes chilenos." Revista médica de Chile 140, no. 6: 740-745.
Paula Repetto L; Margarita Bernales S; Matías González T. Aspectos psicológicos de la rehabilitación pulmonar en el paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias 2011, 27, 144 -152.
AMA StylePaula Repetto L, Margarita Bernales S, Matías González T. Aspectos psicológicos de la rehabilitación pulmonar en el paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias. 2011; 27 (2):144-152.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Repetto L; Margarita Bernales S; Matías González T. 2011. "Aspectos psicológicos de la rehabilitación pulmonar en el paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica." Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias 27, no. 2: 144-152.
The association between marijuana use and depressive symptoms was examined longitudinally in a sample of 622 African American youth, interviewed on six occasions, using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). We considered whether depressive symptoms predicted changes in marijuana use and vice versa from high school through the transition into young adulthood. We also examined gender differences in these behaviors over time. The results indicated that depressive symptoms predicted later marijuana use only for males. Marijuana use did not predict later depressive symptoms for females or males. These findings are consistent with a unidirectional hypothesis indicating that marijuana use may play a role as mood regulator among young males, but not among females. Research findings also indicate that females with lower depressive symptoms use more marijuana than females who report high depressive symptoms. These findings did not change even after controlling for the effects of using other substances at previous stages, school achievement, and demographics factors. These results suggest that depressive symptoms may be an antecedent of marijuana use among African American males.
Paula B. Repetto; Marc A. Zimmerman; Cleopatra H. Caldwell. A Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms and Marijuana Use in a Sample of Inner-City African Americans. Journal of Research on Adolescence 2008, 18, 421 -447.
AMA StylePaula B. Repetto, Marc A. Zimmerman, Cleopatra H. Caldwell. A Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms and Marijuana Use in a Sample of Inner-City African Americans. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2008; 18 (3):421-447.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula B. Repetto; Marc A. Zimmerman; Cleopatra H. Caldwell. 2008. "A Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms and Marijuana Use in a Sample of Inner-City African Americans." Journal of Research on Adolescence 18, no. 3: 421-447.
The relationship between depressive symptoms and cigarette use was examined in a sample of 623 African Americans during adolescence and transition to adulthood by using hierarchical linear modeling. Participants in the study were interviewed across 6 occasions over 8 years. Results indicate that depressive symptoms tend to decrease over time, whereas cigarette use tends to increase for both female and male adolescents. The results also suggest that depressive symptoms predict later cigarette use. Male adolescents who reported more depressive symptoms were more likely than female adolescents to use cigarettes as a way to cope with their mood. These results suggest that depressive symptoms may be important to consider when developing smoking cessation interventions for African American youth.
Paula B. Repetto; Cleopatra H. Caldwell; Marc A. Zimmerman. A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Use Among African American Adolescents. Health Psychology 2005, 24, 209 -219.
AMA StylePaula B. Repetto, Cleopatra H. Caldwell, Marc A. Zimmerman. A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Use Among African American Adolescents. Health Psychology. 2005; 24 (2):209-219.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula B. Repetto; Cleopatra H. Caldwell; Marc A. Zimmerman. 2005. "A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Use Among African American Adolescents." Health Psychology 24, no. 2: 209-219.