Tourism-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a central driver of anthropogenic climate change. At the same time, climate change has both direct and indirect impacts on tourism, varying from damages of tourist assets due to extreme weather events, to losses of biodiversity. Small island developing states (SIDS) heavily depend on international tourism as a source of revenue and income. Therefore, much could be gained by assessing the vulnerability of the SIDS tourism sector and by identifying measures that may assist these islands in their sustainable adaptation efforts. Against this background, this interdisciplinary paper provides a review of tourism development and the implications of its emissions on the global climate, linked with observed and projected influences of climate change in the Pacific region, to explain the growing vulnerability of the overall sector, with a particular focus on SIDS tourism. A description of the effects of COVID-19 on international tourism and its consequences for SIDS complement the analysis. Case studies of two Pacific islands present some evidence of current climate impacts, underscoring the multiple risks small island nations and their tourism sectors face. The paper concludes by stating that some measures may be prioritized by decision-makers, so as to increase the resilience of a transforming tourism sector in SIDS.
This article deals with the under-researched phenomenon of rural health entrepreneurship and its major characteristics. The purpose of this study is to explicate the process of providing health services in rural areas of a developing country and their relation to SDGs. The paper is based on six semi-structured interviews conducted with Serbian health entrepreneurs in rural areas (two private practices, two policlinics, and two dental practices), a review of laws and strategies relevant to the field, and three sessions of discussions with eight experts (four authors and four additional experts). The research methodology follows an empirical, mixed-method case study research procedure. The results are presented in relation to the aspects of frugality, family orientation, and sustainability-oriented innovation. The timeline of the six case studies demonstrates the increasing importance of health entrepreneurs in rural areas due to the aging population and, therefore, increased needs for quality healthcare in these areas. The financing instruments have also become more formal and substantial in recent years, enabling the growth of healthcare businesses in rural areas. However, a major obstacle to further sustainable development remains the non-refundability of services before the state-owned, obligatory health fund, creating major social inequalities, especially in rural areas.
This paper aims to answer the question of whether import and export have a positive impact on the movement of the gross domestic product in selected countries of the European Union (EU). In the paper, a panel data regression analysis has been applied in the EViews 8 software package. In countries with a high level of income that were selected for analysis, a positive relationship between the observed macroeconomic variables by determined which is statistically significant. The results showed that imports had a greater impact on the gross domestic product than exports in the selected countries for the observed period.
The subject of this paper is the economic relations between the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China from the beginning of the century until today. The development of these economic relations and cooperation is based on the long tradition of their good political and diplomatic relations. The relationship of these two countries towards the transition and different strategies in the implementation of this process are determinants of their economic success and the position they have in the global economy. The aspects of the economic cooperation between Serbia and China are analyzed in two categories in which this cooperation is most visible and in which its effects can be precisely expressed quantitatively: the cooperation in the field of foreign trade and in the field of investments. The basic hypothesis is that the economic relations between Serbia and China have been growing rapidly since the beginning of the century and that such a trend will continue in the future at the bilateral level, but also within the program of various cooperation platforms initiated by China and signed by Serbia. China's position in international institutions enables the protection of Serbia's territorial integrity, which is another important dimension of their mutual relations.
The paper analyzes the economic effects of the transition process in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, with particular reference to those segments of that process that define the directives for their economic and institutional development. The results of the transition process are also analyzed in terms of the position of these countries vis-à-vis the European Union. The countries of the former Yugoslavia have achieved different results in the transition period so far in terms of membership in this integration and these results have been accepted by some researchers as the standard for evaluating their success in the transition process. If one assumes that membership in the Union alone is a "certificate of success" and an indicator of the end of the transition process, it can be said that only Slovenia and Croatia have succeeded in implementing the transitional reforms. However, according to economic indicators, the two countries share the fate of the other former Yugoslav republics and their success in the transition process is judged to be modest.