Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) may offer a response to climate change mitigation from major industrial emitters. CCU can turn waste CO₂ emissions into valuable products such as chemicals and fuels. Consequently, attention has been paid to petrochemical industries as one of the best options for CCU. The largest industrial CO₂ removal monoethanol amine-based plant in Iran has been simulated with the aid of a chemical process simulator, i.e., Aspen HYSYS^® v.10. The thermodynamic properties are calculated with the acid gas property package models, which are available in Aspen HYSYS^®. The results of simulation are validated by the actual data provided by Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Co. Results show that there is a good agreement between simulated results and real performance of the plant under different operational conditions. The main parameters such as capture efficiency in percent, the heat consumption in MJ/kg CO₂ removed, and the working capacity of the plant are calculated as a function of inlet pressure and temperature of absorber column. The best case occurred at the approximate temperature of 40 to 42 °C and atmospheric pressure with CO₂ removal of 80.8 to 81.2%; working capacity of 0.232 to 0.233; and heat consumption of 4.78 MJ/kg CO₂.

A holistic approach to the management of water, energy, food, and the environment is required to both meet the socioeconomic demands of the future as well as sustainable development of these limited resources. The Urmia Lake Basin has faced environmental, social, and economic challenges in recent years, and this situation is likely to worsen under the impacts of climate change. For this study, an adaptability analysis of this region is proposed for the 2040 horizon year. Two models, the water evaluation and planning (WEAP (Stockholm Environmental Institute, Stockholm, Sweden)) and the low emissions analysis platform (LEAP (Stockholm Environmental Institute, Boston, MA, USA)), are integrated to simulate changes in water, energy, food, and the environment over these 20 years. Two climate scenarios and nine policy scenarios are combined to assess sustainable development using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach. Results show that, through pursuing challenging goals in agricultural, potable water, energy, and industrial sectors, sustainable development will be achieved. In this scenario, the Lake Urmia water level will reach its ecological water level in 2040. However, social, technical, and political challenges are considered obstacles to implementing the goals of this scenario. In addition, industry growth and industry structure adjustment have the most impact on sustainable development achievement.