Polyolefins are formed by the polymerization of olefin monomer units such as ethylene, styrene, and vinyl chloride. Polyolefins composites are a mixture of polyolefins with different types of other polymers, reinforcements, or fillers. Blending neat polyolefins with composites widens its uses in various applications that require high efficiency in the areas of environmental degradation, impact resistance, fire and chemical resistance, or strength. In this review, the effects of blending neat polyolefin with other types of polymers or wood fibers on the properties of neat polymers have been represented. Moreover, this review reveals the importance of a coupling agent or compatibilizer in the improvement of the polyolefin’s compatibility with the other added components.

Bioethanol-derived biomass is a green sustainable source of energy that is highly recommended as an efficient alternative to the replacement of fossil fuels. However, this type of bioethanol production is always expensive with very low bioethanol concentration. Therefore, this work aims to represent a facile and green approach for bioethanol production with high concentration and purity as well as reasonable cost from corn stover (CS). The goal of this study is to characterize CS and its treated samples with maleic acid (CSM) using various characterization analyses, such as proximate and ultimate analysis, HHV, TGA, FTIR, SEM, and CHNS. The bioethanol production stages: Pretreatment, enzymatic degradation, fermentation, and finally bioethanol separation and purification via the pervaporation process, which have been investigated and optimized are associated with the economic analysis. The optimum operating condition of the pretreatment process was 2% maleic acid, 1:20 solid-to-liquid ratio at 45 psi, 120 °C, and 1 h of operation in the autoclave. This process contributes to 53 and 45% lignin and hemicellulose removal, 98% cellulose recovery, and a glucose yield of 741 mg/dL. The yeast isolate succeeded in the production of 1230 mg/dL of bioethanol. This isolated yeast strain was close to Pichia nakasei with a similarity of 98%, and its amplified 18S rRNA gene sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession number MZ675535. Poly (MMA-co-MA) membrane was synthesized, characterized, and its efficiency for increasing the bioethanol concentration was evaluated using the integrated pervaporation technique. The techno-economic analysis is presented in detail to evaluate the process profitability, which achieves a considerable profit for the whole duration of the project without any losses as it reaches a net profit of USD 1 million in 2023, reaching USD 2.1 million in 2047 for a company with a capacity of 32 thousand tons per year. The sequential strategy offers a promising approach for efficient bioethanol production under mild and environmentally friendly conditions that enable its implication industrially.

Due to their extensive range of applications, the existence of notable amounts of reactive dyes in wastewater raises the need for more efficient treatment techniques. The present work investigates the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) azo dye by homogeneous advanced oxidation processes (photo-Fenton) and heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (ZnO nanoparticle / UV). The Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and the photoluminescence (PL). The formation of ZnO NPs was confirmed by FTIR with a broad band at 420.50 cm−1. TEM analysis shows that the synthesized ZnO NPs particle size ranged between 19.1 and 33.1 nm. The ZnO NPs hexagonal phase was observed from XRD analysis. Photo-Fenton (FeSO4.7H2O/ UV/H2O2) showed high decolorization rate of RB5 reached 98% within the first 5 min. While ZnO NPs showed lower decolorization rate during the same period. The effects of FeSO4.7H2O initial dosage, RB5 initial concentrations, ZnO initial dosage and contact time were investigated as well.