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The proliferation of ridesourcing services has raised both hopes and concerns about their role in cities. The impacts of ridesourcing services are complex and multi-faceted. Through reviewing the literature, this study aims to identify the social, economic, and environmental impacts of these services and highlight opportunities and challenges that lay ahead of them for resolving issues related to urban transportation. According to the results, ridesourcing services offer safe modes of transport that provide convenient mobility options, improve transit availability in disadvantaged and remote areas, and respond to taxi demand fluctuations. They can create new job opportunities by employing new human resources that have not been used before, provide flexible working hours for drivers, and are more efficient than taxi cabs. These services provide other opportunities to extend or complement public transit, reduce car ownership and congestion, and minimize parking supply. However, they are criticized for unfair competition with traditional taxis, limited compliance with social legislation, and lack of affordability. They are not available in all places and exclude some vulnerable and socially disadvantaged groups. Labor rights are not secure in this industry, and driver income is not stable. Finally, there is also evidence showing that, in some cases, they contribute to the growth of VMT, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and congestion in cities.
Amir Khavarian-Garmsir; Ayyoob Sharifi; Mohammad Hajian Hossein Abadi. The Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Ridesourcing Services: A Literature Review. Future Transportation 2021, 1, 268 -289.
AMA StyleAmir Khavarian-Garmsir, Ayyoob Sharifi, Mohammad Hajian Hossein Abadi. The Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Ridesourcing Services: A Literature Review. Future Transportation. 2021; 1 (2):268-289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Khavarian-Garmsir; Ayyoob Sharifi; Mohammad Hajian Hossein Abadi. 2021. "The Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Ridesourcing Services: A Literature Review." Future Transportation 1, no. 2: 268-289.
Since its emergence in late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept through many cities around the world, claiming millions of lives and causing major socio-economic impacts. The pandemic occurred at an important historical juncture when smart solutions and technologies have become ubiquitous in many cities. Against this background, in this review, we examine how smart city solutions and technologies have contributed to resilience by enhancing planning, absorption, recovery, and adaptation abilities. For this purpose, we reviewed 147 studies that have discussed issues related to the use of smart solutions and technologies during the pandemic. The results were synthesized under four themes, namely, planning and preparation, absorption, recovery, and adaptation. This review shows that investment in smart city initiatives can enhance the planning and preparation ability. In addition, the adoption of smart solutions and technologies can, among other things, enhance the capacity of cities to predict pandemic patterns, facilitate an integrated and timely response, minimize or postpone transmission of the virus, provide support to overstretched sectors, minimize supply chain disruption, ensure continuity of basic services, and offer solutions for optimizing city operations. These are promising results that demonstrate the utility of smart solutions for enhancing resilience. However, it should be noted that realizing this potential hinges on careful attention to important issues and challenges related to privacy and security, access to open-source data, technological affordance, legal barriers, technological feasibility, and citizen engagement. Despite this, this review shows that further development of smart city initiatives can provide unprecedented opportunities for enhancing resilience to the pandemic and similar future events.
Ayyoob Sharifi; Amir Khavarian-Garmsir; Rama Kummitha. Contributions of Smart City Solutions and Technologies to Resilience against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8018 .
AMA StyleAyyoob Sharifi, Amir Khavarian-Garmsir, Rama Kummitha. Contributions of Smart City Solutions and Technologies to Resilience against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyyoob Sharifi; Amir Khavarian-Garmsir; Rama Kummitha. 2021. "Contributions of Smart City Solutions and Technologies to Resilience against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8018.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought questions about the desirability of compact urban development to the fore. There are some concerns that high density may be a risk factor that makes it challenging to contain the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the link between density and pandemic spread through a case study of Tehran that has been the epicenter of the pandemic in Iran. Based on data obtained from an online platform and analyzed using structural equation modeling, we found that density alone cannot be considered a risk factor for the spread of COVID-19. In fact, density alone did not explain the geographic distribution pattern of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths across the 22 municipal districts of Tehran. We, therefore, argue that efforts should be made to minimize concerns about living in dense urban environments. Indeed, residents of high-density districts can live safely when an outbreak occurs, provided they make some changes in lifestyle and follow public health instructions. Based on the findings, and considering other benefits of compact cities (e.g., climate change mitigation) planners and policy makers are encouraged to continue promoting compact urban forms. They can also use the results of this study in their efforts towards developing appropriate mechanisms and guidelines for effective management of future pandemics in cities.
Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ayyoob Sharifi; Nabi Moradpour. Are high-density districts more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic? Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 70, 102911 .
AMA StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Ayyoob Sharifi, Nabi Moradpour. Are high-density districts more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic? Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 70 ():102911.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ayyoob Sharifi; Nabi Moradpour. 2021. "Are high-density districts more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic?" Sustainable Cities and Society 70, no. : 102911.
While there is a growing body of scholarship on regional competitiveness, little attention has been paid to the planning methods that can pursue this objective. Public planners are mainly relying on conventional methods that have come under increasing criticism. This study aims to introduce Meta-SWOT as a novel planning tool in urban and regional studies. Meta-SWOT provides competitive and realistic strategies for planners. It systematically tries to present strategies rooted in internal resources and capabilities while acknowledging the challenges posed by the external environment. Nevertheless, it has several limitations that should be considered when applying to urban and regional planning.
Keramatollah Ziari; Mohammad Hajian Hossein Abadi; Amir Reza Khavarian Garmsir. Making Competitive Cities in the Light of the Meta-SWOT Tool: A Case Study of Tehran, Iran. Planning Practice & Research 2020, 35, 466 -484.
AMA StyleKeramatollah Ziari, Mohammad Hajian Hossein Abadi, Amir Reza Khavarian Garmsir. Making Competitive Cities in the Light of the Meta-SWOT Tool: A Case Study of Tehran, Iran. Planning Practice & Research. 2020; 35 (4):466-484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKeramatollah Ziari; Mohammad Hajian Hossein Abadi; Amir Reza Khavarian Garmsir. 2020. "Making Competitive Cities in the Light of the Meta-SWOT Tool: A Case Study of Tehran, Iran." Planning Practice & Research 35, no. 4: 466-484.
Since the study of remaining spaces from the past could lead to a vivid understanding of the political, administrative, social, economic, and cultural structures of the societies which have created them, the issue of space has turned into a priority in archaeological studies. Therefore, spatial archaeology as an interdisciplinary science can play an important role in reconstructing of the spatial system of historical cities and understanding the behavior of the people who lived in the past. This study is an attempt to open a new investigation into the role of various social classes in the formation of spatial organization of historical cities of Iran during late Islamic period (Qajar era from 1785 to 1925). The study targeted Golchinan district of the city of Yazd, Iran, in Qajar period. The results showed that economic factors have played a leading role in the spatial organization of the district. In fact, due to a higher power, the wealthy class has benefited from a series of economic, social, and spatial advantages that the ordinary people were deprived of. This issue has affected the spatial organization of the district. Also the financial prosperity of the residents had significantly affected the spatial distribution of residential units. In other words, economic differences had led to social classification resulting in better access for the rich to the public facilities. These would make the aristocratic class keep on the side of the power centers.
Hamid Azizi Bondarabady; Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir. An analyses of the role of socio-economic classes in the spatial organization (a case study of Yazd, Iran). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 2019, 25, 486 -497.
AMA StyleHamid Azizi Bondarabady, Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir. An analyses of the role of socio-economic classes in the spatial organization (a case study of Yazd, Iran). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 2019; 25 ():486-497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamid Azizi Bondarabady; Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir. 2019. "An analyses of the role of socio-economic classes in the spatial organization (a case study of Yazd, Iran)." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 25, no. : 486-497.
The desire to improve the quality of life and to avoid environmental degradation has prompted human beings to migrate across the world over time. Through a survey regarding the contribution of different drivers on migration out of the shrinking cities of Khuzestan province, the study shows that climate changes and environmental degradation have a considerable influence on out-migration. Overall, these environmental factors exert both direct and indirect effects. The former, which is proven through a quantitative analysis, implies that the climate and environmental changes are so influential that they have compromised the human habitability in this area of the Middle East. Therefore, having reached the risk threshold, people are increasingly persuaded to leave the shrinking cities. Besides, the extent to which environmental changes contribute to the intensification of the economic downturn, unemployment, addiction, corruption, violence, crimes, and the disruption in the urban infrastructures in this region, underscores the importance of the indirect effects of climate and environment changes in migration from the shrinking cities of Khuzestan province.
Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoodi. Climate change and environmental degradation and the drivers of migration in the context of shrinking cities: A case study of Khuzestan province, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 47, 101480 .
AMA StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Ahmad Pourahmad, Hossein Hataminejad, Rahmatollah Farhoodi. Climate change and environmental degradation and the drivers of migration in the context of shrinking cities: A case study of Khuzestan province, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 47 ():101480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoodi. 2019. "Climate change and environmental degradation and the drivers of migration in the context of shrinking cities: A case study of Khuzestan province, Iran." Sustainable Cities and Society 47, no. : 101480.
This study focuses on this fact that shrinking cities are the other side of changes in a liberal space. They occur as a result of the uneven performance of neo-liberalism in urban and regional developments. This uneven performance in development is due to the competitive spaces between the processes of production and accumulation. In addition, since neo-liberalism always needs to impose its own institutional array and market-oriented social and spatial norms on a city and a region, an explanation of the process of urban shrinkage in a liberal space is placed within a neo-liberalism creative destruction mechanism.
Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoodi. Urban Shrinkage in a Neo-liberal Space. The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods 2018, 105 -118.
AMA StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Ahmad Pourahmad, Hossein Hataminejad, Rahmatollah Farhoodi. Urban Shrinkage in a Neo-liberal Space. The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods. 2018; ():105-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoodi. 2018. "Urban Shrinkage in a Neo-liberal Space." The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods , no. : 105-118.
With increasing prevalence, severity, persistence, and geographical incidence, cities have faced shrinkage during the past half century. Urban planners have paid special attention to shrinking cities. The concept of urban shrinkage has turned into a fixed base of research for many urban studies. While urban planning debates of recent years have mainly focused on the economic and environmental dimensions of shrinking cities, social dimensions are usually neglected despite their importance. This chapter aims at the socio-spatial differences and the relationship between the negative rate of population growth and the level of social development in the shrinking cities of Khuzestan province as an oil-rich province in Iran. The results show that there are great differences among the shrinking cities in terms of social factors, and surprisingly, the cities that have experienced more shrinkage have more social development.
Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoodi. Levels of Social Disparity in a Shrinking Setting. Global Perspectives on the Impact of Mass Media on Electoral Processes 2018, 248 -262.
AMA StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Ahmad Pourahmad, Hossein Hataminejad, Rahmatollah Farhoodi. Levels of Social Disparity in a Shrinking Setting. Global Perspectives on the Impact of Mass Media on Electoral Processes. 2018; ():248-262.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoodi. 2018. "Levels of Social Disparity in a Shrinking Setting." Global Perspectives on the Impact of Mass Media on Electoral Processes , no. : 248-262.
According to many researchers and scholars, religious beliefs can be considered as the most influential factor in forming Muslim urban spaces and their architectural elements. In fact, historical cities reflect the culture and beliefs of their residences. Among all historical places in Iranian cities, the historical texture of the city of Yazd, especially the quarters since the age of Qajar dynasty, are well preserved. The present study aims at identifying the Islamic principles and values influencing the formation of architectural spaces and the extent of their applications in one of the historical quarters known as Golchinan. The results of the conformation of the theoretical findings with the data acquired from field studies revealed that almost 90% of the urban and architectural spaces (e.g. residential areas, mosques, bazaars, and pathways) in Yazd are directly influenced by Islamic principles. In other words, there is a strong conformity between the accepted Islamic values of the society and what actually was applied to urban constructions during Qajar dynasty.
Hamid Azizi Bondarabady; Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir. The structural variability of quarters and residential areas in the historical texture of the city of Yazd based on Islamic rules and jurisprudence: a case study of Golchinan quarter. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 2018, 11, 202 -232.
AMA StyleHamid Azizi Bondarabady, Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir. The structural variability of quarters and residential areas in the historical texture of the city of Yazd based on Islamic rules and jurisprudence: a case study of Golchinan quarter. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability. 2018; 11 (2):202-232.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamid Azizi Bondarabady; Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir. 2018. "The structural variability of quarters and residential areas in the historical texture of the city of Yazd based on Islamic rules and jurisprudence: a case study of Golchinan quarter." Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 11, no. 2: 202-232.
Despite the accelerated urbanization that has occurred over recent years, urban shrinkage has emerged silently as a step of urbanization in developing countries. However, without identifying the main causes of this shrinkage, managing it seems impossible. This study aims to make a comparative assessment of economic and environmental inequality between the shrinking cities and growing cities in the province of Khuzestan, Iran, using the statistical Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study showed no significant difference between the shrinking and the growing cities in terms of economic and physical-environmental conditions. In this regard, it is suggested that the current shrinking cities in the province have experienced a process much different from the shrinkage of a vast majority of cities in other countries, particularly in developed countries. This difference can be due to the rentier nature of the Iranian government, the impacts of certain external factors, and the tax-free speculative transactions in the housing sector.
Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoudi. A comparative assessment of economic and physical inequality between shrinking and growing cities: a case study of Khuzestan province, Iran. International Journal of Urban Sciences 2017, 22, 104 -122.
AMA StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Ahmad Pourahmad, Hossein Hataminejad, Rahmatollah Farhoudi. A comparative assessment of economic and physical inequality between shrinking and growing cities: a case study of Khuzestan province, Iran. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 2017; 22 (1):104-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Ahmad Pourahmad; Hossein Hataminejad; Rahmatollah Farhoudi. 2017. "A comparative assessment of economic and physical inequality between shrinking and growing cities: a case study of Khuzestan province, Iran." International Journal of Urban Sciences 22, no. 1: 104-122.
The purpose of this study is to provide a new strategic plan for tourism development using the SOAR framework with a focus on the religious event of Muharram in the province of Yazd, Iran. Muharram ceremony is a religious event based on the culture and religion of Shia Muslims, which could introduce a tourist attraction in the form of an event to other countries. The SOAR framework is a strengths-based strategic planning matrix that focuses on strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (SOAR). This framework is an alternative for SWOT analysis. Participants are asked to identify the most important strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results after interviews, because SOAR uses a participatory approach to strategic planning. Finally, the measurable results of this research are to provide tourism with a comprehensive way of planning this ceremony, to improve facilities in and near tourist attractions, to attract public investment for the reconstruction of mosques and religious sites, and to hold exhibitions with a focus on Yazd tourism potentials like handicrafts, customs, and traditions.
Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Jacqueline M. Stavros; Mohammad Hossain Saraei. Strategic Planning for Tourism Development With a Focus on Muharram Ceremony Using Soar Framework: A Case Study of Yazd Province in Iran. Event Management 2017, 21, 119 -129.
AMA StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Jacqueline M. Stavros, Mohammad Hossain Saraei. Strategic Planning for Tourism Development With a Focus on Muharram Ceremony Using Soar Framework: A Case Study of Yazd Province in Iran. Event Management. 2017; 21 (1):119-129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Jacqueline M. Stavros; Mohammad Hossain Saraei. 2017. "Strategic Planning for Tourism Development With a Focus on Muharram Ceremony Using Soar Framework: A Case Study of Yazd Province in Iran." Event Management 21, no. 1: 119-129.
Ahmad Pourahmad; Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Hossein Hataminejad. Social inequality, city shrinkage and city growth in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Area Development and Policy 2016, 1, 266 -277.
AMA StyleAhmad Pourahmad, Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Hossein Hataminejad. Social inequality, city shrinkage and city growth in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Area Development and Policy. 2016; 1 (2):266-277.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Pourahmad; Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Hossein Hataminejad. 2016. "Social inequality, city shrinkage and city growth in Khuzestan Province, Iran." Area Development and Policy 1, no. 2: 266-277.
Planning of sustainable tourism development actually concerns planning of the environment preservation, and it encompasses a variety of research and analysis before making a decision on determining the direction of any development. This concept involves balanced economic, social, and cultural developments without endangering the environment, which enables the development at the same or a higher level. On the other hand, the strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (SOAR) framework enhances strategic planning and implementation of processes by using a positive guiding approach to inquire into strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and measurable results. This study, with the aim of providing a suitable framework for sustainable tourism development, introduces the SOAR framework as a strategic model that is compatible with the different aspects of sustainable development including economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects. Finally, as a new SOAR framework compatible with tourism studies, the model provides economic, social, cultural, and environmental points of view at each level that may be postulated in a SOAR framework (i.e. strengths, opportunities, apparitions, and results).
Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Seyed Mohammad Zare. SOAR Framework as a New Model for the Strategic Planning of Sustainable Tourism. Tourism Planning & Development 2014, 12, 321 -332.
AMA StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Seyed Mohammad Zare. SOAR Framework as a New Model for the Strategic Planning of Sustainable Tourism. Tourism Planning & Development. 2014; 12 (3):321-332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir; Seyed Mohammad Zare. 2014. "SOAR Framework as a New Model for the Strategic Planning of Sustainable Tourism." Tourism Planning & Development 12, no. 3: 321-332.