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Ana Carvalho
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Folkborgsvägen 17, SE60176 Norrköping, Sweden

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Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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During the summer of 2018 Sweden experienced a high occurrence of wildfires, most intense in the low-densely populated Jämtland Härjedalen region. The aim of this study was to investigate any short-term respiratory health effects due to deteriorated air quality generated by the smoke from wildfires. For each municipality in the region Jämtland Härjedalen, daily population-weighted concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were calculated through the application of the MATCH chemistry transport model. Modelled levels of PM2.5 were obtained for two summer periods (2017, 2018). Potential health effects of wildfire related levels of PM2.5 were examined by studying daily health care contacts concerning respiratory problems in each municipality in a quasi-Poisson regression model, adjusting for long-term trends, weekday patterns and weather conditions. In the municipality most exposed to wildfire smoke, having 9 days with daily maximum 1-h mean of PM2.5 > 20 μg/m3, smoke days resulted in a significant increase in daily asthma visits the same and two following days (relative risk (RR) = 2.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–5.47). Meta-estimates for all eight municipalities revealed statistically significant increase in asthma visits (RR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09–2.57) and also when grouping all disorders of the lower airways (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01–1.92).

ACS Style

Andreas Tornevi; Camilla Andersson; Ana Carvalho; Joakim Langner; Nikolai Stenfors; Bertil Forsberg. Respiratory Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke during Summer of 2018 in the Jämtland Härjedalen Region, Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6987 .

AMA Style

Andreas Tornevi, Camilla Andersson, Ana Carvalho, Joakim Langner, Nikolai Stenfors, Bertil Forsberg. Respiratory Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke during Summer of 2018 in the Jämtland Härjedalen Region, Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):6987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreas Tornevi; Camilla Andersson; Ana Carvalho; Joakim Langner; Nikolai Stenfors; Bertil Forsberg. 2021. "Respiratory Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke during Summer of 2018 in the Jämtland Härjedalen Region, Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6987.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in Atmosphere
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This work aims to compare the performance of the single‑(SLUCM) and multilayer (BEP-Building effect parameterization) urban canopy models (UCMs) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), along with the application of two urban heat island (UHI) identification methods. The identification methods are: (1) the “classic method”, based on the temperature difference between urban and rural areas; (2) the “local method” based on the temperature difference at each urban location when the model land use is considered urban, and when it is replaced by the dominant rural land use category of the urban surroundings. The study is performed as a case study for the city of Lisbon, Portugal, during the record-breaking August 2003 heatwave event. Two main differences were found in the UHI intensity (UHII) and spatial distribution between the identification methods: a reduction by half in the UHII during nighttime when using the local method; and a dipole signal in the daytime and nighttime UHI spatial pattern when using the classic method, associated with the sheltering effect provided by the high topography in the northern part of the city, that reduces the advective cooling in the lower areas under prevalent northern wind conditions. These results highlight the importance of using the local method in UHI modeling studies to fully isolate urban canopy and regional geographic contributions to the UHII and distribution. Considerable improvements were obtained in the near‑surface temperature representation by coupling WRF with the UCMs but better with SLUCM. The nighttime UHII over the most densely urbanized areas is lower in BEP, which can be linked to its larger nocturnal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the surface and negative sensible heat (SH) fluxes. The latter may be associated with the lower surface skin temperature found in BEP, possibly owing to larger turbulent SH fluxes near the surface. Due to its higher urban TKE, BEP significantly overestimates the planetary boundary layer height compared with SLUCM and observations from soundings. The comparison with a previous study for the city of Lisbon shows that BEP model simulation results heavily rely on the number and distribution of vertical levels within the urban canopy.

ACS Style

Rui Silva; Ana Carvalho; David Carvalho; Alfredo Rocha. Study of Urban Heat Islands Using Different Urban Canopy Models and Identification Methods. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 521 .

AMA Style

Rui Silva, Ana Carvalho, David Carvalho, Alfredo Rocha. Study of Urban Heat Islands Using Different Urban Canopy Models and Identification Methods. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (4):521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Silva; Ana Carvalho; David Carvalho; Alfredo Rocha. 2021. "Study of Urban Heat Islands Using Different Urban Canopy Models and Identification Methods." Atmosphere 12, no. 4: 521.