There are many thyroid diseases affecting people all over the world. Many diseases affect the thyroid gland, like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer. Thyroid inefficiency can cause severe symptoms in patients. Effective classification and machine learning play a significant role in the timely detection of thyroid diseases. This timely classification will indeed affect the timely treatment of the patients. Automatic and precise thyroid nodule detection in ultrasound pictures is critical for reducing effort and radiologists’ mistake rate. Medical images have evolved into one of the most valuable and consistent data sources for machine learning generation. In this paper, various machine learning algorithms like decision tree, random forest algorithm, KNN, and artificial neural networks on the dataset create a comparative analysis to better predict the disease based on parameters established from the dataset. Also, the dataset has been manipulated for accurate prediction for the classification. The classification was performed on both the sampled and unsampled datasets for better comparison of the dataset. After dataset manipulation, we obtained the highest accuracy for the random forest algorithm, equal to 94.8% accuracy and 91% specificity.

Spine image analysis is based on the accurate segmentation and vertebrae recognition of the spine. Several deep learning models have been proposed for spine segmentation and vertebrae recognition, but they are very computationally demanding. In this research, a novel deep learning model is introduced for spine segmentation and vertebrae recognition using CT images. The proposed model works in two steps: (1) A cascaded hierarchical atrous spatial pyramid pooling residual attention U-Net (CHASPPRAU-Net), which is a modified version of U-Net, is used for the segmentation of the spine. Cascaded spatial pyramid pooling layers, along with residual blocks, are used for feature extraction, while the attention module is used for focusing on regions of interest. (2) A 3D mobile residual U-Net (MRU-Net) is used for vertebrae recognition. MobileNetv2 includes residual and attention modules to accurately extract features from the axial, sagittal, and coronal views of 3D spine images. The features from these three views are concatenated to form a 3D feature map. After that, a 3D deep learning model is used for vertebrae recognition. The VerSe 20 and VerSe 19 datasets were used to validate the proposed model. The model achieved more accurate results in spine segmentation and vertebrae recognition than the state-of-the-art methods.

The organizations are facing a problem to keep their employees satisfied and retain them in this era. This study investigates the influence of mindfulness to increase employee job satisfaction and reduce turnover intentions via mediating effect of work–family balance. This research also examines the moderating effect of work–family conflict between the relationship of mindfulness and work–family balance. The real-life organizational empirical data were collected from 306 nurses working in public and private hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that all hypotheses were supported. Practical implications, limitations, and future directions are also discussed in this study.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain illness that causes gradual memory loss. AD has no treatment and cannot be cured, so early detection is critical. Various AD diagnosis approaches are used in this regard, but Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides the most helpful neuroimaging tool for detecting AD. In this paper, we employ a DenseNet-201 based transfer learning technique for diagnosing different Alzheimer’s stages as Non-Demented (ND), Moderate Demented (MOD), Mild Demented (MD), Very Mild Demented (VMD), and Severe Demented (SD). The suggested method for a dataset of MRI scans for Alzheimer’s disease is divided into five classes. Data augmentation methods were used to expand the size of the dataset and increase DenseNet-201’s accuracy. It was found that the proposed strategy provides a very high classification accuracy. This practical and reliable model delivers a success rate of 98.24%. The findings of the experiments demonstrate that the suggested deep learning approach is more accurate and performs well compared to existing techniques and state-of-the-art methods.

The advancement in automation and medical care technologies in recent decade has changed the traditional medical treatment of patients. Although, these technologies have increased the treatment’s precision but the growing number and the complexity of IoT healthcare devices are impacting accuracy along with several other challenges. Moreover, the use of different programming languages, operating platforms and data management methodologies are creating restrictions in safe exchange, integration and reuse of information across different applications. However, with the advent of the semantic web, the semantic technologies are growing in healthcare systems due to the capability of machine interpretation and processing by overcoming the restriction of languages and data heterogeneity. The most common shortcoming in the existing systems are the context-awareness and quality of services and the absence of rich patient ontology; leading towards low accuracy of results. To this aim, this paper provides a smart health framework, consisting on the collection and processing of IoT data (related to patient conditions and context). The framework is supported by the patient ontology along with SWRL rules for better decision making that consider different features (context-awareness and quality of services) differently that results in the improved accuracy. In the evaluation process the proposed work has achieved an accuracy of 89.81%. This work will help the practitioners to treat the patients in a better way.

Diabetes is one of the ever-increasing menace crippling millions of people worldwide. It is an independent risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases including medium and small vessels and results in heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and lower-limb amputations. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report estimated 1.6 million deaths were the direct result of diabetes. Nutrition plays a vital role in diabetes management alongside physical activity, drugs, and insulin. Weight management can help to avert or delay at pre-diabetic stages. This research work explains the features of the Nutrition Diet Expert System (NDES), which will preferably be used by the health care professionals (HCPs) for calculating per day calorie requirements of diabetic patients and recommend the best diet plan to control diabetes. The primary objective of this proposed model for diet plan is to help individuals attain healthy body weight and optimum check on diabetes by gaining control over blood pressure and lipid count. The ultimate focus of this research result is prevention of diabetes related complications using nutrition diet expert system. In this paper, proposed recommender system has come in handy in figuring out the diet plan by determining the individual dietary requirements at the level of micro and macro nutrients for expert system using fuzzy logic. The results are very promising indicating testing and assessment of the expert system worked well for the individual diet plan.