A typhoon is a tropical cyclone in the western Pacific Ocean and the China seas. Typhoons are some of the most destructive natural disasters on Earth. In China, typhoons have had major impacts on the stability and structural integrity of offshore wind turbines in the complex and harsh marine environment. In this research, first, the main causes of wind turbine damage were analyzed based on the characteristics of a typhoon and a wind turbine structure for typical typhoon-induced accidents. Second, the research progress of the anti-typhoon design of offshore wind turbines and the anti-typhoon strategy of wind farms operation and maintenance was summarized. Finally, the problems to be further solved in these research fields were presented to provide references for the development of offshore wind turbines, in particular, floating wind turbines in typhoon-prone areas.

A typhoon is a restrictive factor in the development of floating wind power in China. However, the influences of multistage typhoon wind and waves on offshore wind turbines have not yet been studied. Based on Typhoon Mangkhut, in this study, the characteristics of the motion response and structural loads of an offshore wind turbine are investigated during the travel process. For this purpose, a framework is established and verified for investigating the typhoon-induced effects of offshore wind turbines, including a multistage typhoon wave field and a coupled dynamic model of offshore wind turbines. On this basis, the motion response and structural loads of different stages are calculated and analyzed systematically. The results show that the maximum response does not exactly correspond to the maximum wave or wind stage. Considering only the maximum wave height or wind speed may underestimate the motion response during the traveling process of the typhoon, which has problems in guiding the anti-typhoon design of offshore wind turbines. In addition, the coupling motion between the floating foundation and turbine should be considered in the safety evaluation of the floating offshore wind turbine under typhoon conditions.

As wind turbines increase in size, blades become longer, thinner, and more flexible, making them more susceptible to large geometric nonlinear deformations, which pose challenges for aeroelastic simulations. This study presents a nonlinear aeroelastic model that accounts for large deformations of slender, flexible blades, coupled through the Actuator Line Method (ALM) and Geometrically Exact Beam Theory (GEBT). The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing it with established numerical methods, demonstrating its ability to capture the bending–torsional coupled nonlinear characteristics of highly flexible blades. A bidirectional fluid–structure coupling simulation of the IEA 15MW wind turbine under uniform flow conditions is conducted. The effect of blade nonlinear deformation on aeroelastic performance is compared with a linear model based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The study finds that nonlinear deformations reduce predicted angle of attack, decrease aerodynamic load distribution, and lead to a noticeable decline in both wind turbine performance and blade deflection. The effects on thrust and edgewise deformation are particularly significant. Additionally, nonlinear deformations weaken the tip vortex strength, slow the momentum exchange in the wake region, reduce turbulence intensity, and delay wake recovery. This study highlights the importance of considering blade nonlinear deformations in large-scale wind turbines.

As offshore wind power development advances into deeper waters, tension leg platform (TLP) floating wind turbines stand out for their excellent motion performance, lightweight structure design, and minimal seabed footprint. This paper reviews the advancements in TLP technology, covering structural configurations, dynamic characteristics and control strategies. Particular emphasis is given to analyzing dynamic response under combined environmental loads, including nonlinear motions induced by higher-order wave forces and parametric excitations, as well as the multiphysics coupling mechanisms involving aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, servo control, and structural dynamics. The review concludes by outlining future trends in platform scaling, intelligent operation and maintenance, and multi-energy integration. Overall, this review provides strategic insights for further research and engineering applications of TLP floating wind turbines.