Climate change affects both the supply and the demand side of winter tourism. So far, few demand‐side studies exist in the field of climate change impact research. Those investigating the tourists' behavioural response to climate change concentrated exclusively on ski tourists in various countries, except for the highly vulnerable German market. This study conducted a survey (n = 751) in two German destinations to investigate the reaction behaviour of winter tourists to climate change, differentiated according to day and overnight guests. Findings show that not only weather, snow and operating conditions determine the reaction behaviour, but also lifestyle or sociodemographic aspects.

This paper analyzes the success factors of health tourism based on natural attractions in selected European spa and health destinations. The natural resources included in the offers, such as water, salt, and air, play a central role in this context, as their evidence-based effects have a high relevance for the health and wellbeing of tourists. Due to its specific geographical location and considering the threat of climate change, however, this offer is facing increasing challenges which make adaptation strategies necessary. In addition to a conceptional introduction to the topic, this paper contains a descriptive analysis of tourism statistics and the results from self-administered questionnaires with six selected representatives from alpine health destinations (DE, FR, IT, AT, CH, SI). The results show varying forms of health tourism based on natural attractions, which are also reflected in online marketing, with potential for optimization. The web research and the responses to the questionnaire revealed that evidence-based studies hardly play a role in promoting health touristic offers. Furthermore, climate change effects on natural attractions are considered extremely small and tend to prompt the development of new offers. Health destinations are advised to generate a clearer focus on the risks of climate change regarding natural resources.

Achieving ambitious climate targets, such as greenhouse gas neutrality, requires a broad mix of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) measures across different scales and timeframes. The planning and implementation of these measures necessitate holistic assessment frameworks that transparently and consistently evaluate what is feasible and desirable in both the short and long term. While the development and refinement of such frameworks is increasingly discussed in the context of CDR, a systematic analysis of existing frameworks in light of prevailing requirements is still missing. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review of assessment frameworks used for climate change responses, analyzing how they address what we identified as key requirements. By expanding the scope beyond CDR specific assessment frameworks, we identify and derive valuable insights and approaches that can inform their refinement. Following a three-step approach, we first conducted a preceding scoping review to determine key requirements for holistic assessments. Second, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify a broad range of assessment frameworks for climate responses. Third, based on a qualitative content analysis, we examined how these frameworks address the previously identified key requirements. The results reveal that existing assessment frameworks often lack a consistent and transparent conceptual and operational structure. This can lead to misinterpretations and misunderstandings. Policy-relevant aspects such as the integration of temporal dynamics and portfolio assessments, including the investigation of synergies and trade-offs, are rarely addressed, although promising approaches are emerging. Following the current discussion to adjust assessment frameworks for CDR, future research should incorporate both short- and long-term temporal dynamics and strengthen the inclusion of ethical and social science perspectives. By synthesizing existing approaches and identifying critical gaps, this review provides guidance towards more robust and transparent assessment frameworks, supporting well-informed decision-making in the context of CDR.

A broad range of different mitigation measures are necessary to achieve immediate and drastic emissions reductions in all sectors called for in the Paris Agreement. These targets underscore the need for Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) measures, also known as negative emissions, since hard-to-abate residual emissions are very likely to remain until the end of the century. Even though CDR options are urgently needed, it remains unclear how the implementation will affect future land use and the associated provision of food, material, and other ecosystem services. While the knowledge about biogeophysical and biogeochemical potentials of land-based CDR and their impacts on the earth system (e.g., on water, soil carbon) is increasing, there is still a lack of understanding about how the socio-economic context influences these aspects. The interdisciplinary research project STEPSEC (Scrutinizing the feasibility of TErrestrial CDR Potentials under Socio-Ecological Constraints) therefore investigates the feasibility of the land-based CDR options BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage), forest management and afforestation/reforestation under socio-ecological constraints in Germany. As part of the project, three participatory stakeholder workshops are conducted in order to develop: 1) qualitative and quantitative CDR-related visions of the future land system in Germany, and 2) narratives on different land-use-related Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) at national level. In a second step, their implications are combined with climate change scenarios using a newly developed agent-based model (CRAFTY-DE) to comprehensively simulate the development of the German land system. CRAFTY-DE uses different types of agents with specific land management behaviours for different land use types. The developed SSPs are incorporated as socio-economic location factors in the form of quantifiable indicators. The natural suitability of the land surface for different land use types and CDR options is based on the results of dynamic vegetation and biodiversity models. CRAFTY-DE delivers potential pathways of land use development for Germany. In a last step, the feasibility and desirability of these pathways are assessed against socio-ecological and ethical context conditions using a newly developed integrated and multidimensional assessment framework. The assessment results provide input for decision making of various stakeholders. The talk will focus on the challenges and opportunities through the inclusion of social sciences in environmental science modelling.