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Jürgen Schmude holds the Chair for “Economic Geography and Tourism Research“ at the Department for Geography at the Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) in Munich. He is leader of the teaching and research unit “Economic Geography”. His main research interests are focused on economic disparities in general and the impact of global and climate change on tourism economy in Germany, France and the Caribbean Sea (Guadeloupe, Dominica). He was awarded with the Willy-Scharnow-Award 2006, the ITB Book Award 2013 and the ICRET Research Award 2016. Jürgen Schmude has been president of the German Society of Tourism Research since November 2015.
Being a unique hazard, COVID-19 led to various global distortions. Tourism was significantly affected, and numerous authors are discussing future implications for the industry. However, only a few studies consider the effects of COVID-19-related measures on tourism's demand side. For the state of Bavaria (Germany), we introduce the relevant legislative measures and their implications on tourism demand. Following Sigala's (2020) suggestion, we illustrate the tourism demand development during the pandemic in space and time by analysing Bavaria's overnight stays on the districts' administrative level. For the first nine months of the ongoing pandemic, we identify the district's population density, its relative location to major cities, and tourism intensity being decisive for both, decline and recovery. Recommendations for policy action can be derived directly from the different spatial and temporal developments we have identified. Thus, it appears that individual districts vary considerably, especially in the speed and extent of their recovery following the first shutdown, in part due to the factors identified. Due to the varying degrees to which the districts and their tourism businesses recover after the crisis, we argue that customised, regionally differentiated political measures should be considered.
Jürgen Schmude; Sascha Filimon; Philipp Namberger; Erik Lindner; Jae-Eun Nam; Pauline Metzinger. COVID-19 and the Pandemic's Spatio-Temporal Impact on Tourism Demand in Bavaria (Germany). Tourism 2021, 69, 246 -261.
AMA StyleJürgen Schmude, Sascha Filimon, Philipp Namberger, Erik Lindner, Jae-Eun Nam, Pauline Metzinger. COVID-19 and the Pandemic's Spatio-Temporal Impact on Tourism Demand in Bavaria (Germany). Tourism. 2021; 69 (2):246-261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Schmude; Sascha Filimon; Philipp Namberger; Erik Lindner; Jae-Eun Nam; Pauline Metzinger. 2021. "COVID-19 and the Pandemic's Spatio-Temporal Impact on Tourism Demand in Bavaria (Germany)." Tourism 69, no. 2: 246-261.
This paper analyzes the success factors of health tourism based on natural attractions in selected European spa and health destinations. The natural resources included in the offers, such as water, salt, and air, play a central role in this context, as their evidence-based effects have a high relevance for the health and wellbeing of tourists. Due to its specific geographical location and considering the threat of climate change, however, this offer is facing increasing challenges which make adaptation strategies necessary. In addition to a conceptional introduction to the topic, this paper contains a descriptive analysis of tourism statistics and the results from self-administered questionnaires with six selected representatives from alpine health destinations (DE, FR, IT, AT, CH, SI). The results show varying forms of health tourism based on natural attractions, which are also reflected in online marketing, with potential for optimization. The web research and the responses to the questionnaire revealed that evidence-based studies hardly play a role in promoting health touristic offers. Furthermore, climate change effects on natural attractions are considered extremely small and tend to prompt the development of new offers. Health destinations are advised to generate a clearer focus on the risks of climate change regarding natural resources.
Jürgen Schmude; Markus Pillmayer; Maximilian Witting; Philipp Corradini. Geography Matters, But… Evolving Success Factors for Nature-Oriented Health Tourism within Selected Alpine Destinations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5389 .
AMA StyleJürgen Schmude, Markus Pillmayer, Maximilian Witting, Philipp Corradini. Geography Matters, But… Evolving Success Factors for Nature-Oriented Health Tourism within Selected Alpine Destinations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Schmude; Markus Pillmayer; Maximilian Witting; Philipp Corradini. 2021. "Geography Matters, But… Evolving Success Factors for Nature-Oriented Health Tourism within Selected Alpine Destinations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5389.
Between one-quarter and one-third of the population in developed economies do not travel, but our understanding of this group is rather limited. Studies looking at constraints and motivation often treat non-travelers as an homogeneous group compared to a spectrum of traveler types. Non-travel is also often implied as being a deficit rather than a voluntary decision. A mixed-method approach is applied in this study to explicitly explore the variety within non-travelers in general and voluntary non-travelers in particular. Qualitative interviews with non-travelers were used to gain a more in-depth understanding of the underlying reasons for non-travel. Non-travelers were then segmented based on constraints and motivation in a large-scale survey representative for Germany. The resulting non-traveler typology clearly shows distinct non-travelers types. By adding a pro non-travel preference instead of using deficit-oriented arguments, voluntary types of non-travelers were identified. This implies that non-travel is not necessarily something people want to overcome.
Monika Popp; Jürgen Schmude; Marlena Passauer; Marion Karl; Alexander Bauer. Why Don’t They Travel? The Role of Constraints and Motivation for Non-Participation in Tourism. Leisure Sciences 2021, 1 -26.
AMA StyleMonika Popp, Jürgen Schmude, Marlena Passauer, Marion Karl, Alexander Bauer. Why Don’t They Travel? The Role of Constraints and Motivation for Non-Participation in Tourism. Leisure Sciences. 2021; ():1-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Popp; Jürgen Schmude; Marlena Passauer; Marion Karl; Alexander Bauer. 2021. "Why Don’t They Travel? The Role of Constraints and Motivation for Non-Participation in Tourism." Leisure Sciences , no. : 1-26.
Recent EU environmental and spatial policies notably strive towards the development paradigm of green growth and economic competitiveness. However, operationalizing spatial policies through growth-driven GDP logics promotes an unequal race towards narrowly defined developmental ‘success’, while perpetuating social, economic and environmental inequalities. Meanwhile, the EU’s territorial cohesion approach has remained a conceptual ‘black box’, its apparent inadequacy for notably mitigating territorial disparities leading to renewed questions about territorial policy’s relevance, delivery and evaluation. In this paper, we add to calls for redesigning territorial cohesion by proposing a turn towards spatial justice for territorial sustainability. Pointing out the need to refocus on regional capabilities and alternative development trajectories, we argue that the ‘right to not catch up’ enables a more locally meaningful and globally sustainable development. Drawing from regional statistics, policy analyses and an empirical case study of three European Territorial Cooperation programs in the heterogeneous Austrian-Czech-Slovak-Hungarian border region, we illustrate how current EU spatial policy approaches evolve in regional practice and why current policy aims fall short for sustainable transformations. Through interrogating development discourses and their alternatives, we contribute to emerging new perspectives on sustainable territorial development at the European as well as at regional levels.
Barbara Demeterova; Tatjana Fischer; Jürgen Schmude. The Right to Not Catch Up—Transitioning European Territorial Cohesion Towards Spatial Justice for Sustainability. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4797 .
AMA StyleBarbara Demeterova, Tatjana Fischer, Jürgen Schmude. The Right to Not Catch Up—Transitioning European Territorial Cohesion Towards Spatial Justice for Sustainability. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Demeterova; Tatjana Fischer; Jürgen Schmude. 2020. "The Right to Not Catch Up—Transitioning European Territorial Cohesion Towards Spatial Justice for Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4797.
Cities are popular destinations for international tourism that in recent years have increasingly become the target of terrorist attacks affecting the tourism industry. In this study, the economic damage caused by the terror attacks is calculated for the destination Paris, differentiated by sectors and source markets. For this purpose, the revenue shortfalls caused by the terrorist attacks of 2015 for the tourism industry in Paris are calculated. Taking into account the decreasing number of visitors, discounts granted by the accommodation sector as well as additional expenditures for marketing or loss of revenue by tourism service providers (e. g. in the transport sector), the shortfall of revenues in the tourism sector amounts to at least € 2 bn in the period 2015 to 2017.
Jürgen Schmude; Marion Karl; Florian Weber. Tourism and Terrorism: Economic impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. The example of the destination of Paris. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 2019, 64, 88 -102.
AMA StyleJürgen Schmude, Marion Karl, Florian Weber. Tourism and Terrorism: Economic impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. The example of the destination of Paris. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie. 2019; 64 (2):88-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Schmude; Marion Karl; Florian Weber. 2019. "Tourism and Terrorism: Economic impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. The example of the destination of Paris." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 64, no. 2: 88-102.
The teaching profession was one of the first in which women were allowed to practice and from today’s perspective is understood as a feminized profession. The process of feminization in teaching developed differently at various levels of school education and reached different levels of feminization over time. Primary and lower secondary schools are suitable for an empirical case study because the process of feminization first began on this level and the proportion of women here now exceeds that of all other teaching professions. We identify a variety of factors in connection with central-peripheral disparities of female participation in teaching. Some of the factors have lost importance (e.g., size of teaching staff), whereas the influence of other factors has increased (in particular part-time employment). We conclude with a short discussion of the impact of feminization on pupils’ role models.
Jürgen Schmude; Sascha Jackisch. Feminization of Teaching: Female Teachers at Primary and Lower Secondary Schools in Baden-Württemberg, Germany: From Its Beginnings to the Present. Knowledge and Space 2019, 333 -349.
AMA StyleJürgen Schmude, Sascha Jackisch. Feminization of Teaching: Female Teachers at Primary and Lower Secondary Schools in Baden-Württemberg, Germany: From Its Beginnings to the Present. Knowledge and Space. 2019; ():333-349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Schmude; Sascha Jackisch. 2019. "Feminization of Teaching: Female Teachers at Primary and Lower Secondary Schools in Baden-Württemberg, Germany: From Its Beginnings to the Present." Knowledge and Space , no. : 333-349.
Jürgen Schmude; Wolfgang Aschauer. Vorwort. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 2018, 10, 157 -160.
AMA StyleJürgen Schmude, Wolfgang Aschauer. Vorwort. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft. 2018; 10 (2):157-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Schmude; Wolfgang Aschauer. 2018. "Vorwort." Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 10, no. 2: 157-160.
The tourism sector faces severe challenges due to the economic impacts from changing natural environments as seen with the increased frequency of natural disasters. Therefore, analyses of disaster impacts models are necessary for managing successful tourism recovery. Typically, disaster assessments are conducted on a countrywide level, which can lead to imbalanced recovery processes, and a distorted distribution of recovery financing or subsidies. We address the challenges of recovery using the tourism disaster management framework by Faulkner. To calculate precise damage assessments, we develop a micro-level assessment model to analyze and understand disaster impacts at the micro-level supporting tourism recovery in an affected destination. We examine economic consequences of a disaster at a small regional scale arguing recovery from a natural disaster is more difficult in individual areas because of differences in geographic location or infrastructure development. The island of Dominica is chosen as an example for the model using statistical data from the tourism sector to outline and detail the consequences of a disaster specifically for communities. The results highlight the importance of damage assessments on a small-scale level, such as communities in order to distinguish between individual regions facing severe changes for resident livelihoods and the local tourism sector. We argue that only after identifying regional impacts it is possible to apply adequate governmental subsidies and development strategies for a country's tourism sector and residents in a continuously changing environment in the hopes of mitigating future financial losses and future climate change impacts.
Jürgen Schmude; Sahar Zavareh; Katrin Magdalena Schwaiger; Marion Karl. Micro-level assessment of regional and local disaster impacts in tourist destinations. Tourism Geographies 2018, 20, 290 -308.
AMA StyleJürgen Schmude, Sahar Zavareh, Katrin Magdalena Schwaiger, Marion Karl. Micro-level assessment of regional and local disaster impacts in tourist destinations. Tourism Geographies. 2018; 20 (2):290-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Schmude; Sahar Zavareh; Katrin Magdalena Schwaiger; Marion Karl. 2018. "Micro-level assessment of regional and local disaster impacts in tourist destinations." Tourism Geographies 20, no. 2: 290-308.
Zusammenfassung Wetter und Klima sind wichtige Einflussgrößen für den Tourismus und folglich spielt auch der Klimawandel eine wichtige Rolle für den Tourismus (Dwyer et al. 2009; Lohmann & Aderhold 2009; Eisenstein 2016). Dies gilt sowohl für die Anbieter- als auch für die Nachfrageseite (Scott et al. 2012; Lohmann& Hübner 2013). Die Tourismuswissenschaft verzeichnet hierzu eine zunehmende Zahl an Studien in den vergangenen Jahren (BMWFW 2012; Becken 2013). Häufig werden die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf den Tourismus computergestützt in unterschiedlichem Detaillierungsgrad modelliert (Sax et al. 2016). Auffällig ist dabei, dass bisher vor allem die Anbieterseite im Fokus der Untersuchungen steht. Es gibt nur wenige Analysen zur Nachfrageseite, die beispielsweise die Wahrnehmung und Reaktion der Touristen bezüglich der Folgen des Klimawandels untersuchen. Ausnahmen bilden einige Arbeiten im Bereich des Wintersporttourismus (z. B. Dawson et al. 2013) sowie einige wenige explorative marktsegmentübergreifende Studien (z. B. Reintinger et al. 2016). Diese Forschungslücke ist Ausgangspunkt für die vorliegende Analyse der Diskrepanz zwischen Wahrnehmung und (potentieller) Reaktion von Touristen auf die die Folgen des Klimawandels auf Basis eigener empirischer Erhebungen (standardisierte Face-to-Face Befragung) in zwei ausgewählten alpinen Destinationen (Garmisch-Partenkirchen und Meran).
Michael Bischof; Jürgen Schmude; Manuela Bauer. Tourismus und Klimawandel – Eine nachfrageseitige Analyse zu Wahrnehmung und Reaktion am Beispiel der Alpen. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 2017, 9, 221 -247.
AMA StyleMichael Bischof, Jürgen Schmude, Manuela Bauer. Tourismus und Klimawandel – Eine nachfrageseitige Analyse zu Wahrnehmung und Reaktion am Beispiel der Alpen. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft. 2017; 9 (2):221-247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Bischof; Jürgen Schmude; Manuela Bauer. 2017. "Tourismus und Klimawandel – Eine nachfrageseitige Analyse zu Wahrnehmung und Reaktion am Beispiel der Alpen." Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft 9, no. 2: 221-247.
Marion Karl; Christine Reintinger; Jürgen Schmude. Reject or select: Mapping destination choice. Annals of Tourism Research 2015, 54, 48 -64.
AMA StyleMarion Karl, Christine Reintinger, Jürgen Schmude. Reject or select: Mapping destination choice. Annals of Tourism Research. 2015; 54 ():48-64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarion Karl; Christine Reintinger; Jürgen Schmude. 2015. "Reject or select: Mapping destination choice." Annals of Tourism Research 54, no. : 48-64.