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J.M. Andujar
Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES), Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The percentage of the population in urban areas has increased by ten points from 2000 (46%) to 2020 (56%); it is expected to reach up to 70% by 2050. This undoubtedly will encourage society to use alternative transports. On the other hand, the widespread fear of pandemics seems to be here to stay, and it is causing most people to leave public transport to use private cars, and a few have chosen unipersonal electric vehicles. As a consequence, the decision of using private cars negatively affects the air quality, and consequently urban population health. This paper aims to demonstrate a sustainable solution for urban mobility based on a hydrogen powered unipersonal electric vehicle, which, as shown, provides great advantages over the conventional battery powered unipersonal electric vehicle. To show this, the authors have developed both vehicles in comparable versions, using the same platform, and ensuring that the total weight of the unipersonal electric vehicle was the same in both cases. They have been subjected to experimental tests that support the features of the hydrogen-based configuration versus the battery-based one, including higher specific energy, more autonomy, and shorter recharge time.

ACS Style

F. Isorna Llerena; E. López González; J. Caparrós Mancera; F. Segura Manzano; J. Andújar. Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5721 .

AMA Style

F. Isorna Llerena, E. López González, J. Caparrós Mancera, F. Segura Manzano, J. Andújar. Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Isorna Llerena; E. López González; J. Caparrós Mancera; F. Segura Manzano; J. Andújar. 2021. "Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5721.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Sensors
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The model-based methods of maximum power point (MPP) tracking in photovoltaic installations are widely known. One of these methods proposes the use of tracking by direct estimation of the maximum power point resistance using irradiance measurement processing. It proposes six different models for this estimate. In the present work, an exhaustive analysis to determine the robustness and accuracy of the different models was carried out. To perform the analysis, irradiance data sets, used to fit the parameters of the models, were collected. In addition, tests were done to determine MPP tracking accuracy of each of the six models. To carry out the tests, all models were compared with a widely used maximum power point tracking algorithm, perturb & observe, for different values of irradiance, temperature, and load.

ACS Style

Juan Ríos; Juan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Comparative Analysis of Robustness and Tracking Efficiency of Maximum Power Point in Photovoltaic Generators, Using Estimation of the Maximum Power Point Resistance by Irradiance gMeasurement Processing. Sensors 2020, 20, 7247 .

AMA Style

Juan Ríos, Juan Manuel Enrique, Antonio Javier Barragán, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Comparative Analysis of Robustness and Tracking Efficiency of Maximum Power Point in Photovoltaic Generators, Using Estimation of the Maximum Power Point Resistance by Irradiance gMeasurement Processing. Sensors. 2020; 20 (24):7247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Ríos; Juan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Robustness and Tracking Efficiency of Maximum Power Point in Photovoltaic Generators, Using Estimation of the Maximum Power Point Resistance by Irradiance gMeasurement Processing." Sensors 20, no. 24: 7247.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Sustainability
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This work deals with the prediction of variables for a hydrogen energy storage system integrated into a microgrid. Due to the fact that this kind of system has a nonlinear behaviour, the use of traditional techniques is not accurate enough to generate good models of the system under study. Then, a hybrid intelligent system, based on clustering and regression techniques, has been developed and implemented to predict the power, the hydrogen level and the hydrogen system degradation. In this research, a hybrid intelligent model was created and validated over a dataset from a lab-size migrogrid. The achieved results show a better performance than other well-known classical regression methods, allowing us to predict the hydrogen consumption/generation with a mean absolute error of 0.63% with the test dataset respect to the maximum power of the system.

ACS Style

José-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Francisco Vivas; Francisca Segura; Antonio Barragán; Jose Calvo-Rolle; José Andújar. Hybrid Intelligent Modelling in Renewable Energy Sources-Based Microgrid. A Variable Estimation of the Hydrogen Subsystem Oriented to the Energy Management Strategy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10566 .

AMA Style

José-Luis Casteleiro-Roca, Francisco Vivas, Francisca Segura, Antonio Barragán, Jose Calvo-Rolle, José Andújar. Hybrid Intelligent Modelling in Renewable Energy Sources-Based Microgrid. A Variable Estimation of the Hydrogen Subsystem Oriented to the Energy Management Strategy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10566.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Francisco Vivas; Francisca Segura; Antonio Barragán; Jose Calvo-Rolle; José Andújar. 2020. "Hybrid Intelligent Modelling in Renewable Energy Sources-Based Microgrid. A Variable Estimation of the Hydrogen Subsystem Oriented to the Energy Management Strategy." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10566.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Sensors
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Although the cure for the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) will come in the form of pharmaceutical solutions and/or a vaccine, one of the only ways to face it at present is to guarantee the best quality of health for patients, so that they can overcome the disease on their own. Therefore, and considering that COVID-19 generally causes damage to the respiratory system (in the form of lung infection), it is essential to ensure the best pulmonary ventilation for the patient. However, depending on the severity of the disease and the health condition of the patient, the situation can become critical when the patient has respiratory distress or becomes unable to breathe on his/her own. In that case, the ventilator becomes the lifeline of the patient. This device must keep patients stable until, on their own or with the help of medications, they manage to overcome the lung infection. However, with thousands or hundreds of thousands of infected patients, no country has enough ventilators. If this situation has become critical in the Global North, it has turned disastrous in developing countries, where ventilators are even more scarce. This article shows the race against time of a multidisciplinary research team at the University of Huelva, UHU, southwest of Spain, to develop an inexpensive, multifunctional, and easy-to-manufacture ventilator, which has been named ResUHUrge. The device meets all medical requirements and is developed with open-source hardware and software.

ACS Style

Francisco José Vivas Fernández; José Sánchez Segovia; Ismael Martel Bravo; Carlos García Ramos; Daniel Ruiz Castilla; José Gamero López; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. ResUHUrge: A Low Cost and Fully Functional Ventilator Indicated for Application in COVID-19 Patients. Sensors 2020, 20, 6774 .

AMA Style

Francisco José Vivas Fernández, José Sánchez Segovia, Ismael Martel Bravo, Carlos García Ramos, Daniel Ruiz Castilla, José Gamero López, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. ResUHUrge: A Low Cost and Fully Functional Ventilator Indicated for Application in COVID-19 Patients. Sensors. 2020; 20 (23):6774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco José Vivas Fernández; José Sánchez Segovia; Ismael Martel Bravo; Carlos García Ramos; Daniel Ruiz Castilla; José Gamero López; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2020. "ResUHUrge: A Low Cost and Fully Functional Ventilator Indicated for Application in COVID-19 Patients." Sensors 20, no. 23: 6774.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2020 in Energies
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The growing concern about global climate change extends to different professional sectors. In the building industry, the energy consumption of buildings becomes a factor susceptible to change due to the direct relationship between the outside temperature and the energy needed to cool and heat the internal space. This document aims to estimate the energy consumption of a Minimum Energy Building (MEB) in different scenarios—past, present, and future—in the subtropical climate typical of seaside cities in Southern Spain. The building energy consumption has been predicted using dynamic building energy simulation software tools. Projected climate data were obtained in four time periods (Historical, the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s), based on four emission scenarios defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): B1, B2, A2, A1F1. This methodology has been mathematically complemented to obtain data in closer time frames (2025 and 2030). In addition, different mitigation strategies have been proposed to counteract the impact of climate change in the distant future. The different energy simulations carried on show clearly future trends of growth in total building energy consumption and how current building designers could be underestimating the problem of air conditioning needs in the subtropical zone. Electricity demand for heating is expected to decrease almost completely, while electricity demand for cooling increases considerably. The changes predicted are significant in all scenarios and periods, concluding an increase of between 28–51% in total primary energy consumption during the building life cycle. The proposed mitigation strategies show improvements in energy demands in a range of 11–14% and they could be considered in the initial stages of project design or incorporated in the future as the impact of climate change becomes more pronounced.

ACS Style

Marta Videras Rodríguez; Antonio Sánchez Cordero; Sergio Gómez Melgar; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Impact of Global Warming in Subtropical Climate Buildings: Future Trends and Mitigation Strategies. Energies 2020, 13, 6188 .

AMA Style

Marta Videras Rodríguez, Antonio Sánchez Cordero, Sergio Gómez Melgar, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Impact of Global Warming in Subtropical Climate Buildings: Future Trends and Mitigation Strategies. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Videras Rodríguez; Antonio Sánchez Cordero; Sergio Gómez Melgar; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2020. "Impact of Global Warming in Subtropical Climate Buildings: Future Trends and Mitigation Strategies." Energies 13, no. 23: 6188.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2020 in Energies
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The construction sector is a great contributor to global warming both in new and existing buildings. Minimum energy buildings (MEBs) demand as little energy as possible, with an optimized architectural design, which includes passive solutions. In addition, these buildings consume as low energy as possible introducing efficient facilities. Finally, they produce renewable energy on-site to become zero energy buildings (ZEBs) or even plus zero energy buildings (+ZEB). In this paper, a deep analysis of the energy use and renewable energy production of a social dwelling was carried out based on data measurements. Unfortunately, in residential buildings, most renewable energy production occurs at a different time than energy demand. Furthermore, energy storage batteries for these facilities are expensive and require significant maintenance. The present research proposes a strategy, which involves rescheduling energy demand by changing the habits of the occupants in terms of domestic hot water (DHW) consumption, cooking, and washing. Rescheduling these three electric circuits increases the usability of the renewable energy produced on-site, reducing the misused energy from 52.84% to 25.14%, as well as decreasing electricity costs by 58.46%.

ACS Style

Sergio Gómez Melgar; Antonio Sánchez Cordero; Marta Videras Rodríguez; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Matching Energy Consumption and Photovoltaic Production in a Retrofitted Dwelling in Subtropical Climate without a Backup System. Energies 2020, 13, 6026 .

AMA Style

Sergio Gómez Melgar, Antonio Sánchez Cordero, Marta Videras Rodríguez, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Matching Energy Consumption and Photovoltaic Production in a Retrofitted Dwelling in Subtropical Climate without a Backup System. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):6026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Gómez Melgar; Antonio Sánchez Cordero; Marta Videras Rodríguez; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2020. "Matching Energy Consumption and Photovoltaic Production in a Retrofitted Dwelling in Subtropical Climate without a Backup System." Energies 13, no. 22: 6026.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Sustainability
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This article presents a methodological foundation to design and experimentally test a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to be applied in renewable source-based microgrids with hydrogen as backup. The Model Predictive Controller has been developed with the aim to guarantee the best energy distribution while the microgrid operation is optimized considering both technical and economic parameters. As a differentiating element, this proposal provides a solution to the problem of energy management in real systems, addressing technological challenges such as charge management in topologies with direct battery connection, or loss of performance associated with equipment degradation or the required dynamics in the operation of hydrogen systems. That is, the proposed Model Predictive Controller achieves the optimization of microgrid operation both in the short and in the long-term basis. For this purpose, a generalized multi-objective function has been defined that considers the energy demand, operating costs, system performance as well as the suffered and accumulated degradation by microgrid elements throughout their lifespan. The generality in the definition of the model and cost function, allows multi-objective optimization problems to be raised depending on the application, topology or design criteria to be considered. For this purpose, a heuristic methodology based on artificial intelligence techniques is presented for the tuning of the controller parameters. The Model Predictive Controller has been validated by simulation and experimental tests in a case study, where the performance of the microgrid under energy excess and deficit situations has been tested, considering the constrains defined by the degradation of the systems that make up the microgrid. The designed controller always made it possible to guarantee both the power balance and the optimal energy distribution between systems according to the predefined priority and accumulated degradation, while guaranteeing the maximum operating voltage of the system with a margin of error less than 1%. The simulation and experimental results for the case study showed the validity of the controller and the design methodology used.

ACS Style

Francisco J. Vivas Fernández; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar Márquez; Antonio J. Calderón Godoy. Extended Model Predictive Controller to Develop Energy Management Systems in Renewable Source-Based Smart Microgrids with Hydrogen as Backup. Theoretical Foundation and Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8969 .

AMA Style

Francisco J. Vivas Fernández, Francisca Segura Manzano, José Manuel Andújar Márquez, Antonio J. Calderón Godoy. Extended Model Predictive Controller to Develop Energy Management Systems in Renewable Source-Based Smart Microgrids with Hydrogen as Backup. Theoretical Foundation and Case Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Vivas Fernández; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar Márquez; Antonio J. Calderón Godoy. 2020. "Extended Model Predictive Controller to Develop Energy Management Systems in Renewable Source-Based Smart Microgrids with Hydrogen as Backup. Theoretical Foundation and Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8969.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2020 in Energies
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This paper proposes a multi-objective model predictive control (MPC) designed for the power management of a multi-stack fuel cell (FC) system integrated into a renewable sources-based microgrid. The main advantage of MPC is the fact that it allows the current timeslot to be optimized while taking future timeslots into account. The multi-objective function solves the problem related to the power dispatch at time that includes criteria to reduce the multi-stack FC degradation, operating and maintenance costs, as well as hydrogen consumption. Regarding the scientific literature, the novelty of this paper lies in the proposal of a generalized MPC controller for a multi-stack FC that can be used independently of the number of stacks that make it up. Although all the stacks that make up the modular FC system are identical, their levels of degradation, in general, will not be. Thus, over time, each stack can present a different behavior. Therefore, the power control strategy cannot be based on an equal distribution according to the nominal power of each stack. On the contrary, the control algorithm should take advantage of the characteristics of the multi-stack FC concept, distributing operation across all the stacks regarding their capacity to produce power/energy, and optimizing the overall performance.

ACS Style

Antonio José Calderón; Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control. Energies 2020, 13, 4924 .

AMA Style

Antonio José Calderón, Francisco José Vivas, Francisca Segura, José Manuel Andújar. Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio José Calderón; Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. 2020. "Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control." Energies 13, no. 18: 4924.

Conference paper
Published: 05 August 2020 in XXXVIII Jornadas de Automática: Gijón, 6, 7, y 8 de septiembre de 2017
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ACS Style

Eloy Irigoyen; Mikel Larrea; Antonio Javier Barragán; Miguel Angel Martínez; José Manuel Andújar-Márquez. Análisis formal de la dinámica de sistemas no lineales mediante redes neuronales. XXXVIII Jornadas de Automática: Gijón, 6, 7, y 8 de septiembre de 2017 2020, 376 -383.

AMA Style

Eloy Irigoyen, Mikel Larrea, Antonio Javier Barragán, Miguel Angel Martínez, José Manuel Andújar-Márquez. Análisis formal de la dinámica de sistemas no lineales mediante redes neuronales. XXXVIII Jornadas de Automática: Gijón, 6, 7, y 8 de septiembre de 2017. 2020; ():376-383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eloy Irigoyen; Mikel Larrea; Antonio Javier Barragán; Miguel Angel Martínez; José Manuel Andújar-Márquez. 2020. "Análisis formal de la dinámica de sistemas no lineales mediante redes neuronales." XXXVIII Jornadas de Automática: Gijón, 6, 7, y 8 de septiembre de 2017 , no. : 376-383.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in Electronics
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This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based energy management system (EMS) for microgrids with a combined battery and hydrogen energy storage system (ESS), which ensures the power balance according to the load demand at the time that it takes into account the improvement of the microgrid performance from a technical and economic point of view. As is known, renewable energy-based microgrids are receiving increasing interest in the research community, since they play a key role in the challenge of designing the next energy transition model. The integration of ESSs allows the absorption of the energy surplus in the microgrid to ensure power supply if the renewable resource is insufficient and the microgrid is isolated. If the microgrid can be connected to the main power grid, the freedom degrees increase and this allows, among other things, diminishment of the ESS size. Planning the operation of renewable sources-based microgrids requires both an efficient dispatching management between the available and the demanded energy and a reliable forecasting tool. The developed EMS is based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), which presents different advantages regarding other controllers: It is not necessary to know the model of the plant, and the linguistic rules that make up its inference engine are easily interpretable. These rules can incorporate expert knowledge, which simplifies the microgrid management, generally complex. The developed EMS has been subjected to a stress test that has demonstrated its excellent behavior. For that, a residential-type profile in an actual microgrid has been used. The developed fuzzy logic-based EMS, in addition to responding to the required load demand, can meet both technical (to prolong the devices’ lifespan) and economic (seeking the highest profitability and efficiency) established criteria, which can be introduced by the expert depending on the microgrid characteristic and profile demand to accomplish.

ACS Style

Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar; Adriana Palacio; Jaime Luis Saenz; Fernando Isorna; Eduardo López. Multi-objective Fuzzy Logic-based Energy Management System for Microgrids with Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage System. Electronics 2020, 9, 1074 .

AMA Style

Francisco José Vivas, Francisca Segura, José Manuel Andújar, Adriana Palacio, Jaime Luis Saenz, Fernando Isorna, Eduardo López. Multi-objective Fuzzy Logic-based Energy Management System for Microgrids with Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage System. Electronics. 2020; 9 (7):1074.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar; Adriana Palacio; Jaime Luis Saenz; Fernando Isorna; Eduardo López. 2020. "Multi-objective Fuzzy Logic-based Energy Management System for Microgrids with Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage System." Electronics 9, no. 7: 1074.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2020 in Electronics
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The progressive increase in hydrogen technologies’ role in transport, mobility, electrical microgrids, and even in residential applications, as well as in other sectors is expected. However, to achieve it, it is necessary to focus efforts on improving features of hydrogen-based systems, such as efficiency, start-up time, lifespan, and operating power range, among others. A key sector in the development of hydrogen technology is its production, renewable if possible, with the objective to obtain increasingly efficient, lightweight, and durable electrolyzers. For this, scientific works are currently being produced on stacks technology improvement (mainly based on two technologies: polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and alkaline) and on the balance of plant (BoP) or the industrial plant (its size depends on the power of the electrolyzer) that runs the stack for its best performance. PEM technology offers distinct advantages, apart from the high cost of its components, its durability that is not yet guaranteed and the availability in the MW range. Therefore, there is an open field of research for achievements in this technology. The two elements to improve are the stacks and BoP, also bearing in mind that improving BoP will positively affect the stack operation. This paper develops the design, implementation, and practical experimentation of a BoP for a medium-size PEM electrolyzer. It is based on the realization of the optimal design of the BoP, paying special attention to the subsystems that comprise it: the power supply subsystem, water management subsystem, hydrogen production subsystem, cooling subsystem, and control subsystem. Based on this, a control logic has been developed that guarantees efficient and safe operation. Experimental results validate the designed control logic in various operating cases, including warning and failure cases. Additionally, the experimental results show the correct operation in the different states of the plant, analyzing the evolution of the hydrogen flow pressure and temperature. The capacity of the developed PEM electrolysis plant is probed regarding its production rate, wide operating power range, reduced pressurization time, and high efficiency.

ACS Style

Julio José Caparrós Mancera; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar; Francisco José Vivas; Antonio José Calderón. An Optimized Balance of Plant for a Medium-Size PEM Electrolyzer: Design, Control and Physical Implementation. Electronics 2020, 9, 871 .

AMA Style

Julio José Caparrós Mancera, Francisca Segura Manzano, José Manuel Andújar, Francisco José Vivas, Antonio José Calderón. An Optimized Balance of Plant for a Medium-Size PEM Electrolyzer: Design, Control and Physical Implementation. Electronics. 2020; 9 (5):871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julio José Caparrós Mancera; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar; Francisco José Vivas; Antonio José Calderón. 2020. "An Optimized Balance of Plant for a Medium-Size PEM Electrolyzer: Design, Control and Physical Implementation." Electronics 9, no. 5: 871.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2020 in Electronics
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The growth of the world’s energy demand over recent decades in relation to energy intensity and demography is clear. At the same time, the use of renewable energy sources is pursued to address decarbonization targets, but the stochasticity of renewable energy systems produces an increasing need for management systems to supply such energy volume while guaranteeing, at the same time, the security and reliability of the microgrids. Locally distributed energy storage systems (ESS) may provide the capacity to temporarily decouple production and demand. In this sense, the most implemented ESS in local energy districts are small–medium-scale electrochemical batteries. However, hydrogen systems are viable for storing larger energy quantities thanks to its intrinsic high mass-energy density. To match generation, demand and storage, energy management systems (EMSs) become crucial. This paper compares two strategies for an energy management system based on hydrogen-priority vs. battery-priority for the operation of a hybrid renewable microgrid. The overall performance of the two mentioned strategies is compared in the long-term operation via a set of evaluation parameters defined by the unmet load, storage efficiency, operating hours and cumulative energy. The results show that the hydrogen-priority strategy allows the microgrid to be led towards island operation because it saves a higher amount of energy, while the battery-priority strategy reduces the energy efficiency in the storage round trip. The main contribution of this work lies in the demonstration that conventional EMS for microgrids’ operation based on battery-priority strategy should turn into hydrogen-priority to keep the reliability and independence of the microgrid in the long-term operation.

ACS Style

Andrea Monforti Ferrario; Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar; Enrico Bocci; Luigi Martirano. Hydrogen vs. Battery in the Long-term Operation. A Comparative Between Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Renewable Microgrids. Electronics 2020, 9, 698 .

AMA Style

Andrea Monforti Ferrario, Francisco José Vivas, Francisca Segura Manzano, José Manuel Andújar, Enrico Bocci, Luigi Martirano. Hydrogen vs. Battery in the Long-term Operation. A Comparative Between Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Renewable Microgrids. Electronics. 2020; 9 (4):698.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Monforti Ferrario; Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar; Enrico Bocci; Luigi Martirano. 2020. "Hydrogen vs. Battery in the Long-term Operation. A Comparative Between Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Renewable Microgrids." Electronics 9, no. 4: 698.

Proceedings article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018
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ACS Style

Antonio Javier Barragán Piña; Juan Manuel Enrique Gómez; Miguel A. Martínez; José Manuel Andújar-Márquez. Diseño de un control adaptativo general basado en lógica borrosa. Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018 2020, 846 -850.

AMA Style

Antonio Javier Barragán Piña, Juan Manuel Enrique Gómez, Miguel A. Martínez, José Manuel Andújar-Márquez. Diseño de un control adaptativo general basado en lógica borrosa. Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018. 2020; ():846-850.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Javier Barragán Piña; Juan Manuel Enrique Gómez; Miguel A. Martínez; José Manuel Andújar-Márquez. 2020. "Diseño de un control adaptativo general basado en lógica borrosa." Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018 , no. : 846-850.

Conference paper
Published: 06 March 2020 in Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018
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ACS Style

Juan M. Enrique; Javier Barragán; Miguel A. Martínez; José Manuel Andújar-Márquez; Francisca Segura; Juan Ríos; Arturo Aquino; Borja Millán; Juan M. Ponce Real; Yolanda Ceada. Sustainable Urban Race, una propuesta para el fomento de vocaciones científico-técnicas. Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018 2020, 121 -126.

AMA Style

Juan M. Enrique, Javier Barragán, Miguel A. Martínez, José Manuel Andújar-Márquez, Francisca Segura, Juan Ríos, Arturo Aquino, Borja Millán, Juan M. Ponce Real, Yolanda Ceada. Sustainable Urban Race, una propuesta para el fomento de vocaciones científico-técnicas. Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018. 2020; ():121-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan M. Enrique; Javier Barragán; Miguel A. Martínez; José Manuel Andújar-Márquez; Francisca Segura; Juan Ríos; Arturo Aquino; Borja Millán; Juan M. Ponce Real; Yolanda Ceada. 2020. "Sustainable Urban Race, una propuesta para el fomento de vocaciones científico-técnicas." Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de septiembre de 2018 , no. : 121-126.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2020 in Energies
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Today, most countries in the world have mandatory regulations, more or less strict, regarding energy efficiency in buildings. However, a large percentage of the buildings already built were constructed under lax or non-existing regulations in this regard. Therefore, many countries are facing the energy refurbishment of their existing buildings to reduce their carbon footprint. Depending on ambient weather conditions where a building settles, its operation with respect to the achievement of maximum energy efficiency should usually be different. This happens in subtropical climates when, during the year and depending on the season, the building needs to conserve heat, evacuate it or even make an exchange with the outside to take advantage of favorable environmental conditions. This paper presents a complete methodology for conducting building energy efficiency refurbishments in subtropical climates in order to convert them into minimum energy buildings. The proposed methodology is illustrated by a case study in a dwelling that includes all the stages, from the analysis of the existing dwelling to the refurbishment works, showing the final results and the subsequent dwelling operation.

ACS Style

Sergio Gómez Melgar; Miguel Ángel Martínez Bohórquez; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. uhuMEBr: Energy Refurbishment of Existing Buildings in Subtropical Climates to Become Minimum Energy Buildings. Energies 2020, 13, 1204 .

AMA Style

Sergio Gómez Melgar, Miguel Ángel Martínez Bohórquez, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. uhuMEBr: Energy Refurbishment of Existing Buildings in Subtropical Climates to Become Minimum Energy Buildings. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Gómez Melgar; Miguel Ángel Martínez Bohórquez; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2020. "uhuMEBr: Energy Refurbishment of Existing Buildings in Subtropical Climates to Become Minimum Energy Buildings." Energies 13, no. 5: 1204.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2020 in Remote Sensing
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Within the context of precision agriculture, goods insurance, public subsidies, fire damage assessment, etc., accurate knowledge about the plant population in crops represents valuable information. In this regard, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has proliferated as an alternative to traditional plant counting methods, which are laborious, time demanding and prone to human error. Hence, a methodology for the automated detection, geolocation and counting of crop trees in intensive cultivation orchards from high resolution multispectral images, acquired by UAV-based aerial imaging, is proposed. After image acquisition, the captures are processed by means of photogrammetry to yield a 3D point cloud-based representation of the study plot. To exploit the elevation information contained in it and eventually identify the plants, the cloud is deterministically interpolated, and subsequently transformed into a greyscale image. This image is processed, by using mathematical morphology techniques, in such a way that the absolute height of the trees with respect to their local surroundings is exploited to segment the tree pixel-regions, by global statistical thresholding binarization. This approach makes the segmentation process robust against surfaces with elevation variations of any magnitude, or to possible distracting artefacts with heights lower than expected. Finally, the segmented image is analysed by means of an ad-hoc moment representation-based algorithm to estimate the location of the trees. The methodology was tested in an intensive olive orchard of 17.5 ha, with a population of 3919 trees. Because of the plot’s plant density and tree spacing pattern, typical of intensive plantations, many occurrences of intra-row tree aggregations were observed, increasing the complexity of the scenario under study. Notwithstanding, it was achieved a precision of 99.92%, a sensibility of 99.67% and an F-score of 99.75%, thus correctly identifying and geolocating 3906 plants. The generated 3D point cloud reported root-mean square errors (RMSE) in the X, Y and Z directions of 0.73 m, 0.39 m and 1.20 m, respectively. These results support the viability and robustness of this methodology as a phenotyping solution for the automated plant counting and geolocation in olive orchards.

ACS Style

Ricardo Sarabia; Arturo Aquino; Juan Manuel Ponce; Gilberto López; José Manuel Andújar. Automated Identification of Crop Tree Crowns from UAV Multispectral Imagery by Means of Morphological Image Analysis. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 748 .

AMA Style

Ricardo Sarabia, Arturo Aquino, Juan Manuel Ponce, Gilberto López, José Manuel Andújar. Automated Identification of Crop Tree Crowns from UAV Multispectral Imagery by Means of Morphological Image Analysis. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (5):748.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ricardo Sarabia; Arturo Aquino; Juan Manuel Ponce; Gilberto López; José Manuel Andújar. 2020. "Automated Identification of Crop Tree Crowns from UAV Multispectral Imagery by Means of Morphological Image Analysis." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5: 748.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2020 in Applied Sciences
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It is well proved that remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) are very useful systems for remote sensing in precision agricultural labors. INTA (National Institute for Aerospace Applications) and the University of Huelva are involved in Tecnolivo Project that proposes the development of a marketable and easy-to-use technological solution that allows integrated, ecological, and optimized management of the olive grove through non-invasive monitoring of key agronomic parameters using RPASs. The information collected by the RPAS in regards to the state of the vegetation, such as hydric stress levels, plague detection, or maturation of the fruit, are very interesting for farmers when it comes to make decisions about their crops. Current RPAS applications for precision agriculture are mainly developed for small- to medium-sized crops using rotary-wing RPASs with small range and endurance operation, leaving aside large-sized crops. This work shows the conversion of a fully declassified and obsolete fixed-wing internal combustion engine (ICE) remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), used as aerial target for military applications and in reconnaissance and surveillance missions at low cost, into an electric lithium polymer (LiPo) battery-driven RPA that will be used for precision agriculture in large-sized crop applications, as well as other applications for tracking and monitoring of endangered animal species in national parks. This RPA, being over twenty years old, has undergone a deep change. The applied methodology consisted of the design of a new propulsion system, based on an electric motor and batteries, maintaining the main airworthiness characteristics of the aircraft. Some other novelties achieved in this study were: (1) Change to a more efficient engine, less heavy and bulky, with a greater ratio of torque vs. size. Modernization of the fly control system and geolocation system. (2) Modification of the type and material of the propeller, reaching a higher performance. (3) Replacement of a polluting fuel, such as gasoline, with electricity from renewable sources. (4) Development of a new control software, etc. Preliminary results indicate that the endurance achieved with the new energy and propulsion systems and the payload weight available in the RPA meet the expectations of the use of this type of RPAS in the study of large areas of crops and surveillance.

ACS Style

Fernando Isorna Llerena; Álvaro Fernández Barranco; José Antonio Bogeat; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. Converting a Fixed-Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium-Ion Battery-Driven RPAS. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1573 .

AMA Style

Fernando Isorna Llerena, Álvaro Fernández Barranco, José Antonio Bogeat, Francisca Segura, José Manuel Andújar. Converting a Fixed-Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium-Ion Battery-Driven RPAS. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (5):1573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Isorna Llerena; Álvaro Fernández Barranco; José Antonio Bogeat; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. 2020. "Converting a Fixed-Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium-Ion Battery-Driven RPAS." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5: 1573.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2020 in Remote Sensing
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In recent years, many olive orchards, which are a major crop in the Mediterranean basin, have been converted into intensive or super high-density hedgerow systems. This configuration is more efficient in terms of yield per hectare, but at the same time the water requirements are higher than in traditional grove arrangements. Moreover, irrigation regulations have a high environmental (through water use optimization) impact and influence on crop quality and yield. The mapping of (spatio-temporal) variability with conventional water stress assessment methods is impractical due to time and labor constraints, which often involve staff training. To address this problem, this work presents the development of a new low-cost device based on a thermal infrared (IR) sensor for the measurement of olive tree canopy temperature and monitoring of water status. The performance of the developed device was compared to a commercial thermal camera. Furthermore, the proposed device was evaluated in a commercially managed olive orchard, where two different irrigation treatments were established: a full irrigation treatment (FI) and a regulated deficit irrigation (RDC), aimed at covering 100% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), respectively. Predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD) and stomatal conductance (gs), two widely accepted indicators for crop water status, were regressed to the measured canopy temperature. The results were promising, reaching a coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 0.80. On the other hand, the crop water stress index (CWSI) was also calculated, resulting in a coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 0.79. The outcomes provided by the developed device support its suitability for fast, low-cost, and reliable estimation of an olive orchard’s water status, even suppressing the need for supervised acquisition of reference temperatures. The newly developed device can be used for water management, reducing water usage, and for overall improvements to olive orchard management.

ACS Style

Miguel Noguera; Borja Millán; Juan Jose Perez Paredes; Juan Manuel Ponce; Arturo Aquino; José Manuel Andújar. A New Low-Cost Device Based on Thermal Infrared Sensors for Olive Tree Canopy Temperature Measurement and Water Status Monitoring. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 723 .

AMA Style

Miguel Noguera, Borja Millán, Juan Jose Perez Paredes, Juan Manuel Ponce, Arturo Aquino, José Manuel Andújar. A New Low-Cost Device Based on Thermal Infrared Sensors for Olive Tree Canopy Temperature Measurement and Water Status Monitoring. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (4):723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Noguera; Borja Millán; Juan Jose Perez Paredes; Juan Manuel Ponce; Arturo Aquino; José Manuel Andújar. 2020. "A New Low-Cost Device Based on Thermal Infrared Sensors for Olive Tree Canopy Temperature Measurement and Water Status Monitoring." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4: 723.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2020 in IEEE Access
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The internet of things is rapidly becoming a fact of life. There remain, however, various challenges with respect to the concept of Industry 4.0 before this new reality is fully integrated into the industrial sector. One such challenge is ensuring security, an essential issue in terms of both management and operational technology involving the configuration and administration of physical equipment. Another is integrating equipment from different manufacturers which must be configured and/or administered with incompatible protocols. Likewise, remote access to systems must be carried out from a browser in the web frame. This paper presents a set of tools, available as a cloud-based service, which facilitates access to the physical equipment located in a business. The access enables the end user to see and/or modify the configuration and management of data in a secure, controlled, organized and collaborative manner. In order to unify different protocols, the service makes use of the Modbus TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol, one of the most commonly used by industry in local networks. The local Modbus communications are encapsulated in the Websocket protocol to make them accessible from the cloud. The tools proposed in this paper are based on open hardware platforms and free software, and they permit local and remote sensors and actuators to be fully and easily accessed. Hence, their chief advantage is that they allow access from any internet connection, via a browser, to the physical equipment located in an industry by means of user profiles in accordance with the security level set by each individual company.

ACS Style

Reyes Sanchez-Herrera; Marco A. Marquez; Jose M. Andujar. Easy and Secure Handling of Sensors and Actuators as Cloud-Based Service. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 10433 -10442.

AMA Style

Reyes Sanchez-Herrera, Marco A. Marquez, Jose M. Andujar. Easy and Secure Handling of Sensors and Actuators as Cloud-Based Service. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):10433-10442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reyes Sanchez-Herrera; Marco A. Marquez; Jose M. Andujar. 2020. "Easy and Secure Handling of Sensors and Actuators as Cloud-Based Service." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 10433-10442.

Review
Published: 21 December 2019 in Energies
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Increasing problems regarding pollution and climate change have long been demonstrated by scientific evidence. An important portion of carbon emissions are produced by the building sector. These emissions are directly related not only to the building’s energy consumption, but also other building attributes affecting the construction and operation of existing buildings: materials selection, waste management, transportation, water consumption, and others. To help reduce these emissions, several green building rating system (GBRSs) have appeared during the last years. This has made it difficult for stakeholders to identify which GBRSs could be more suitable to a specific project. The heterogeneity of the GRBS scenario requires the creation of a transparent and robust indicator framework that can be used in any country within the European Union (EU), which is a common EU framework of core sustainability indicators for office and residential buildings Level(s) with the goal to provide a solid structure for building sustainability certification across all countries of the EU. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the most common GBRSs within the EU: Building Research Establishment Assessment Method (BREEAM), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB), Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE), and Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED), and a bottom up comparison of the influence in the final score produced by the indicators stated by Level(s). The indicators studied show a different influence of Level(s) indicators on every GBRS, where LEED and BREEAM were most affected while HQE and DGNB were less so. This paper demonstrates the heterogeneity of current GRBSs in the EU scenario and the difference between sustainability assessments, where DGNB seems to be more aligned to the current EU framework. Finally, the paper concludes with the need to work to achieve alignment between the GBRS and Level(s).

ACS Style

Antonio Sánchez Cordero; Sergio Gómez Melgar; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Green Building Rating Systems and the New Framework Level(s): A Critical Review of Sustainability Certification within Europe. Energies 2019, 13, 66 .

AMA Style

Antonio Sánchez Cordero, Sergio Gómez Melgar, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Green Building Rating Systems and the New Framework Level(s): A Critical Review of Sustainability Certification within Europe. Energies. 2019; 13 (1):66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Sánchez Cordero; Sergio Gómez Melgar; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2019. "Green Building Rating Systems and the New Framework Level(s): A Critical Review of Sustainability Certification within Europe." Energies 13, no. 1: 66.