Inexpensive equipment for the deposition of semiconductor thin films by SILAR was designed. Using a low-cost embedded system, a prototype controlled through a human–machine interface (HMI) was constructed. Simple, open-source software was used. The use of an HMI and programming based on state machines showed an improvement in the system control, program flow, and efficiency. The system development consists of three stages: structural design, electronics, and programming of the control and HMI. This system controls the variables of the SILAR process, such as immersion time in chemical solutions, sequence of substrates, and the number of cycles. In order to test the automated SILAR prototype, copper oxide thin films on glass substrates were processed. The copper oxide thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS, and SEM to investigate the structural, optical, and morphological properties, respectively.

Se propone el índice de la vulnerabilidad del acuífero kárstico yucateco (IVAKY). El IVAKY se construyó con base en un mapa geomorfopedológico escala 1:50000, que contiene la densidad y tipología de las depresiones kársticas y las asociaciones edáficas en cada unidad geomorfopedológica. El factor clima es incluido a través de la longitud del periodo de lluvias que considera cantidad, distribución e intensidad de la lluvia. Los tres factores (relieve, suelos y clima) se ponderaron con el proceso de análisis jerárquico (AHP, por sus siglas en inglés) utilizando Arc Gis 9.1. Se identificó que el Anillo de cenotes y parte de la zona noreste del estado de Yucatán presentan el nivel extremo de vulnerabilidad, donde predominan dolinas en contacto con el acuífero y suelos como los Nudilithic Leptosols, Lithic Leptosols y Rendzic Leptosols, ocupando 19% de la superficie estatal. Los niveles bajos y muy bajos de vulnerabilidad se ubican en el sur de Yucatán en áreas de igual o mayor a 50 msnm, con una densidad baja a media de depresiones kársticas (úvalas y poljes) y Luvisols, Vertisols y Stagnosols, asociados con Leptosols (12% de la superficie estatal). The index of the vulnerability of the Yucatecan karstic aquifer (IVAKY) is proposed. The IVAKY was built based on a geomorphopedological map scale of 1:50 000, which contains the density and type of karst depressions and soil associations in each geomorphopedological unit. The climate factor is included through the length of the rainy period that considers amount, distribution and intensity of the rain. The three factors (topography, soils and climate) were weighted with the process of hierarchical analysis (AHP) using ArcGis 9.1. It was identified that the ring of sinkholes and part of the northeast of Yucatan state have the extreme level of vulnerability, where dominated sinkholes in contact with the aquifer and soil as Nudilithic Leptosols, Lithic Leptosols and Rendzic Leptosols, occupying 19% of the state surface. Low and very low levels of vulnerability are located in southern Yucatan in areas of equal or greater than 50 masl, with low to medium density of karstic depressions (uvala and poljes) and Luvisols, Vertisols and Stagnosols associated with Leptosols ( 12% of the statesurface).