The development of 6G wireless networks is driven by the pressing need for reliable connectivity in the increasingly intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. The goal of these networks is to seamlessly connect individuals, devices, vehicles, and resources such as the cloud. However, the heterogeneity and complexity of 6G due to the proliferation of devices, diverse applications, and the need for green and sustainable communication networks, pose significant Resource Management (RM) challenges. Furthermore, the stringent requirements of 6G networks for Quality-of-Service (QoS), scalability, intelligence, and security can make traditional RM approaches ineffective, particularly considering Energy Efficiency (EE). In response to these challenges, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been considered to provide green RM. AI techniques can be used to efficiently manage network resources, balance energy demands, optimize EE, and integrate Energy Harvesting (EH). This paper examines 6G networks from an AI perspective to optimize resource allocation, minimize energy consumption, and maximize network performance. The focus is on RM within these networks considering Radio Resource Management (RRM), Computing and Caching Resource Management (CCRM), and Communication Network Resource Management (CNRM). The emphasis is on RM within the Cellular Network Infrastructure (CNI) and Machine Type Communications (MTC). AI models for efficient resource utilization to enhance EE and network performance are investigated. It is shown that AI plays a pivotal role in achieving green RM within 6G networks. Future research directions are outlined for intelligent networks to meet the growing demands and emerging challenges.

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications plays a key role in the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT). Cellular networks are one of the main technologies to support the deployment of M2M communications. However, the characteristics and Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of M2M traffic are different from those of conventional Human-to- Human (H2H) traffic, that makes radio resource allocation a complex task. In this paper, a two-phase optimal resource allocation algorithm is proposed for H2H/M2M coexistence. The first phase performs joint power-resource allocation in order to satisfy the QoS requirements of H2H traffic while considering the delay constraints of delay-sensitive M2M traffic. Then, the second phase focuses on meeting the QoS requirements of M2M traffic. Simulation results are presented which show that the proposed algorithm is able to balance the demands of M2M and H2H traffic, meet their diverse QoS requirements, and ensure fairness for delay-tolerant M2M traffic.

In this paper, we investigate how Cognitive Radio as a means of communication can be utilized to serve a smart grid deployment end to end, from a home area network to power generation. We show how Cognitive Radio can be mapped to integrate the possible different communication networks within a smart grid large scale deployment. In addition, various applications in smart grid are defined and discussed showing how Cognitive Radio can be used to fulfill their communication requirements. Moreover, information security issues pertained to the use of Cognitive Radio in a smart grid environment at different levels and layers are discussed and mitigation techniques are suggested. Finally, the well-known Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is integrated with the Cognitive Radio part of a smart grid communication network to protect against unauthorized access to customer’s data and to the network at large.

The Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) of a quadrotor vehicle, which is described by a nonlinear model, are tackled in this paper. The nonlinear identity observer is utilized to detect the various types of sensors faults, and the Generalized Observer Scheme (GOS) is used to isolate the faulty sensor. The robustness of the observer and its scheme is investigated through several simulation results to build the Decision- Making Unit (DMU) for the residuals. Various simulation results have validated the FDI method and shown the system performance towards different fault scenarios.

The massive number of Machine-Type Communication Devices (MTCDs) coexisting with Cellular User Equipment (CUE), in addition to the diverse Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of M2M communications and cellular communications, present significant implementation challenges due to interference, congestion, and spectrum scarcity. This makes resource allocation an important but challenging problem. In this paper, clustered Cognitive Machine-to-Machine (CM2M) communications underlaying cellular networks is proposed to solve this problem. In this system, MTCDs are grouped in clusters based on their spatial locations and communicate with the Base Station (BS) via a Machine-Type Communication Gateway (MTCG). Underlay Cognitive Radio (CR) is employed so that MTCDs within a cluster can share the spectrum of neighbouring CUE. A joint resource-power allocation problem is formulated and solved using a two-phase resource and power allocation scheme. The goal is to maximize the uplink sum-rate of the neighbouring CUE and clustered MTCDs while satisfying interference, power, and minimum data rate constraints. Simulation results are presented which show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the sum-rate of the network compared to other schemes while satisfying the constraints.

Spectrum sensing is an essential function in cognitive radio networks. It defines spectrum opportunities that can be used by secondary users to increase spectrum utilization. However, sensing performance is highly affected by shadowing. In this paper, sensing in a log-normal shadowing environment is investigated, where a closed-form for the probability of detection based on Gauss-Hermite integration is derived, and the accuracy of this form is studied. In addition, collaborative sensing in log-normal shadowing is addressed, where the performance of different soft combining schemes is evaluated via Complementary Receiver Operating Characteristic (CROC) curves.