In this paper, PtCu alloys with varying Pt/Cu ratios were deposited onto TiO₂ nanocrystals to selectively photoreduce CO₂ into CH₄.

The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with single, twin, triple, and quadruple photonic crystals (PCs) on p-GaN are fabricated by multiple-exposure nanosphere-lens lithography (MENLL) process utilizing the focusing behavior of polystyrene spheres. Such a technique is easy and economical for use in fabricating compound nano-patterns. The optimized tilted angle is decided to be 26.6° through mathematic calculation to try to avoid the overlay of patterns. The results of scanning electron microscopy and simulations reveal that the pattern produced by MENLL is a combination of multiple ovals. Compared to planar-LED, the light output power of LEDs with single, twin, triple, and quadruple PCs is increased by 14.78%, 36.03%, 53.68%, and 44.85% under a drive current 350 mA, respectively. Furthermore, all PC-structures result in no degradation of the electrical properties. The stimulated results indicate that the highest light extraction efficiency of LED with the clover-shape triple PC is due to the largest scattering effect on propagation of light from GaN into air.

In this study, a 1D/2D ZnO nanofiber/graphdiyne oxide heterojunction was designed for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, and the difference between graphdiyne and graphdiyne oxide was investigated as co-catalysts. The ZGDO heterostructure has strong reactant adsorption capacity due to the enlarged specific surface area and abundant hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups. DFT calculations, EPR, and in situ XPS further verified the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism in ZGDO. In contrast, the abilities of GD to adsorb CO₂ and enhance light absorption are not as good as those of GDO, and the band structure of GD is not conducive to the formation of a favorable electric field drive at the interface with ZnO. The CO yield of ZGDO with only 3% GDO was up to 34.9 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ in the gas–phase photocatalytic reduction of CO₂, which was 4.4, 24, and 1.5 times that of ZnO, GDO, and ZnO/GD, respectively. This work opens new possibilities for the application of new non-metallic photocatalysts in the photoreduction of CO₂.

Carbon monitoring and carbon measurement are not only important foundations for realizing the marketization of carbon trading, but also a key link in realizing China’s strategic “dual carbon” goal. The aim of this research is to comprehensively summarize and compare carbon monitoring and carbon metering technologies, as well as to analyze their current status and challenges. This study adopts literature research, comparative analysis, case analysis, policy interpretation, and other methods to comprehensively and deeply explore the relevant content of carbon monitoring and carbon metering technology. An in-depth exploration of relevant methods, standards, and applications provides a reference for promoting the sustainable development of global carbon monitoring and carbon metering technologies. By summarizing the difficulties of carbon monitoring and the characteristics of existing technologies, as well as comparing carbon measurement methods and the relevant measurement standards, this paper focuses on the difficulty of carbon monitoring, which lies in the credibility and accuracy of the data, where remote sensing technology possesses higher applicability. The principles of carbon measurement methods mainly include direct underlying data measurements, indirect measurements through statistical modelling, and market mechanism measurements. The relevance and precision of carbon measurement methods have been gradually strengthened as the measurement standards have been developed and implemented. Finally, future development directions and relevant suggestions will be described in detail and put forward in combination with the application of carbon monitoring and carbon measurement. Among them, blockchain technology is considered to be one potential area for future development, and data standardization will play an important role in the development of carbon monitoring and measurement technology. We recommended establishing and perfecting data-sharing mechanisms in future policies to improve the accuracy and credibility of data.