This paper deals with the problem of controlling a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for electric vehicles. The storage system consists of a fuel cell (FC), serving as the main power source, and a supercapacitor (SC), serving as an auxiliary power source. It also contains a power block for energy conversion consisting of a boost converter connected with the main source and a boost-buck converter connected with the auxiliary source. The converters share the same dc bus, which is connected to the traction motor through an inverter. These power converters must be controlled to meet the following requirements: 1) tight dc bus voltage regulation, 2) perfect tracking of the SC current to its reference, and 3) asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. A nonlinear controller is developed, on the basis of the system nonlinear model, making use of Lyapunov stability design techniques. The latter accounts for the power converters' large-signal dynamics and for the FC nonlinear characteristics. It is demonstrated using both a formal analysis and simulations that the developed controller meets all desired objectives.

The high-voltage battery is a crucial element for EV traction systems. It is the primary energy source that must be regularly recharged to reach the autonomy declared by the manufacturer. Therefore, an EV charging system is required to ensure the battery charging process. This review thoroughly investigates the available EV charging technologies and the most popular batteries for EV applications. The contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: the classification and topologies of electric vehicle chargers are examined, an overview of the current EV charging standards is provided, the state-of-the-art of EV charging couplers is discussed, and the most widely used batteries in EV applications are reviewed.

This paper focuses on the problem of controlling DC-to-DC switched power converter of Boost type. The system nonlinear feature is coped with by resorting to the backstepping control approach. Both adaptive and nonadaptive versions are designed and shown to yield quite interesting tracking and robustness performances. A comparison study shows that backstepping nonlinear controllers perform as well as passivity- based controllers. For both the choice of design parameters proves to be crucial to ensure robustness with respect to load resistance variations. From this viewpoint, adaptive backstepping controllers are more interesting as they prove to be less sensitive to design parameters.

The present work investigates different models of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. More specifically, three models are studied: a nonlinear state-space model, a generic dynamic model integrated into MATLAB/Simulink, and an equivalent RC electrical circuit. A new equivalent electrical RL model is proposed, and the methodology for determining its parameters is also given. An experimental test bench, based on a 1200-W commercial PEMFC, is built to compare the static and dynamic behaviour of the existing models and the proposed RL model with the experimental data. The comparative analysis highlights the advantages and drawbacks of each of these models. The major advantages of the proposed RL model lie in both its simplicity and its ability to provide a similar transitory behaviour compared to the commercially manufactured PEMFC employed in this research.

In this paper, the major factors that affect the performance of wireless power transfer systems, such as coil inner radius and coil number of turns, are discussed. A comparison of three coil shapes covering the coreless case, the case with ferrite, and the case with ferrite and aluminum is also carried out. Another comparison is proposed by addressing the combination of different coil shapes in the wireless power transfer (WPT)system. The analysis covers the coupling coefficient, the mutual inductance, and the self-inductance. Due to the complexity of calculating these parameters, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted by using the Ansys Maxwell software. An introduction to the typical WPT system for electric vehicle charging is also presented.