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In vitro culture is an important biotechnological tool in plant research and an appropriate culture media is a key for a successful plant development under in vitro conditions. The use of natural compounds to improve culture media has been growing and biopolymers are interesting alternatives to synthetic compounds due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, renewability, and availability. In the present study, different culture media containing one biopolymer (chitosan, gum arabic) or a biopolymer derivative [hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)], at 100 or 1000 mg L−1, were tested regarding their influence on the growth and physiological responses of Thymus lotocephalus in vitro culture. Cellulose-based biopolymers (HEC and CMC) and gum arabic were used for the first time in plant culture media. The results showed that CMC at 100 mg L−1 significantly improved shoot elongation while chitosan, at the highest concentration, was detrimental to T. lotocephalus. Concerning only the evaluated physiological parameters, all tested biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives are safe to plants as there was no evidence of stress-induced changes on T. lotocephalus. The rheological and microstructural features of the culture media were assessed to understand how the biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to the culture medium could influence shoot growth. As expected, all media presented a gel-like behaviour with minor differences in the complex viscosity at the beginning of the culture period. Most media showed increased viscosity overtime. The surface area increased with the addition of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives to the culture media and the average pore size was considerably lower for CMC at 100 mg L−1. The smaller pores of this medium might be related to a more efficient nutrients and water uptake by T. lotocephalus shoots, leading to a significant improvement in shoot elongation. In short, this study demonstrated that the different types of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to culture medium can modify their microstructure and at the right concentrations, are harmless to T. lotocephalus shoots growing in vitro, and that CMC improves shoot length.
Natacha Coelho; Alexandra Filipe; Bruno Medronho; Solange Magalhães; Carla Vitorino; Luís Alves; Sandra Gonçalves; Anabela Romano. Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus. Polysaccharides 2021, 2, 538 -553.
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, Alexandra Filipe, Bruno Medronho, Solange Magalhães, Carla Vitorino, Luís Alves, Sandra Gonçalves, Anabela Romano. Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus. Polysaccharides. 2021; 2 (2):538-553.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; Alexandra Filipe; Bruno Medronho; Solange Magalhães; Carla Vitorino; Luís Alves; Sandra Gonçalves; Anabela Romano. 2021. "Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus." Polysaccharides 2, no. 2: 538-553.
Endemic plant species are usually more vulnerable to anthropogenic threats and natural changes and, therefore, hold a higher extinction risk. The preservation of these species is a major concern on a worldwide context and in situ protection alone will not guarantee their conservation. Ex situ conservation measures must be undertaken to support the conservation of these species, and seed banking is the more efficient and cost-effective method. However, when seed banking is not an option, alternative approaches should be considered. Biotechnological tools provide new and complementary options for plant conservation including short-, medium-, and long-term strategies, and their application for plant species conservation has increased considerably in the last years. This review provides information about the status of the use biotechnology-based techniques for the conservation of endemic plant species. Particular attention is given to cryopreservation, since is the only long-term ex situ conservation strategy that can complement and support the other conservation measures. The cryopreservation of plant genetic resources is, however, more focused on crop or economically important species and few studies are available for endemic plant species. The plant material used, the cryopreservation methods employed, and the assessment of cryogenic effects are reviewed. The reasons to explain the difficulties in cryopreserving these species are discussed and new strategies are proposed to facilitate and increase the interest on this matter. We expect that further studies on the conservation of endemic plant species will increase in a near future, thus contributing to maintain these valuable genetic resources.
Natacha Coelho; Sandra Gonçalves; Anabela Romano. Endemic Plant Species Conservation: Biotechnological Approaches. Plants 2020, 9, 345 .
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, Sandra Gonçalves, Anabela Romano. Endemic Plant Species Conservation: Biotechnological Approaches. Plants. 2020; 9 (3):345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; Sandra Gonçalves; Anabela Romano. 2020. "Endemic Plant Species Conservation: Biotechnological Approaches." Plants 9, no. 3: 345.
Carob liqueur is a traditional Mediterranean alcoholic beverage obtained via a wide range of production techniques contributing to the different organoleptic attributes of the final product. The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of the chemical composition and biological capacities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of liqueurs prepared by flavouring the fig spirit with carob pulp by maceration, distillation, percolation, or aqueous and hydro-alcoholic infusions. For this purpose, the phenolic and furanic compositions, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant capacity (AC), and enzyme inhibitory potential against acethylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. The content of gallic acid decreased after gastrointestinal digestion, while TPC, TFC, and AC significantly increased after each digestion phase. Overall, no significantly different enzyme inhibitions (p < 0.05) were observed among digested liqueurs, with moderate inhibition against acethylcholinesterase and tyrosinase (enzymes related with neurodegenerative diseases), and potent and low inhibitory capacities for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (ideal conditions employed in antidiabetic therapy). The study indicates that hydro-alcoholic infusion and maceration were the most appropriate methods to obtain liqueurs with higher values of the aforementioned parameters and safe levels of toxic furanics.
Raquel Rodríguez-Solana; Natacha Coelho; Antonio Santos-Rufo; Sandra Gonçalves; Efrén Pérez-Santín; Anabela Romano. The Influence of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of Carob Liqueurs Obtained with Different Elaboration Techniques. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 563 .
AMA StyleRaquel Rodríguez-Solana, Natacha Coelho, Antonio Santos-Rufo, Sandra Gonçalves, Efrén Pérez-Santín, Anabela Romano. The Influence of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of Carob Liqueurs Obtained with Different Elaboration Techniques. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (11):563.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaquel Rodríguez-Solana; Natacha Coelho; Antonio Santos-Rufo; Sandra Gonçalves; Efrén Pérez-Santín; Anabela Romano. 2019. "The Influence of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of Carob Liqueurs Obtained with Different Elaboration Techniques." Antioxidants 8, no. 11: 563.
Thymus lotocephalus G. Lopez & R. Morales is an aromatic species endemic to the south of Portugal with medicinal properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of elicitors, cytokinin, and different sucrose concentrations on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from in vitro regenerated shoots. Elicitors (YE: yeast extract, salicylic acid, and AgNO3) were added directly to the medium. Phytochemical analysis include evaluation of total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and rosmarinic acid (RAC) contents. The TPCs and TFCs were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Rosmarinic acid (RA), the main compound found in the studied extracts, was quantified by liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Results showed that the cytokinin benzyladenine has an inhibitory effect on TPC, TFC and RAC, as well as on antioxidant activity. TPC was only significantly improved by the presence of YE (from 95.49 ± 3.34 to 118.34 ± 6.24 mgGAE/gextract) and TFCs were not affected by elicitation. The increase in sucrose concentration, from 2 to 4%, and the three elicitors tested, particularly YE, enhanced RACs (from 48.61 ± 0.09 in the control medium to 78.57 ± 0.99 mg/gextract in YE-elicited medium). In accordance with these results, the antioxidant activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays was significantly greater in extracts from elicited shoots. Overall, the results obtained suggest that shoots of T. lotocephalus are a good source of antioxidant compounds and showed that the production of RA can be promoted by altering in vitro culture conditions.
Sandra Gonçalves; Inês Mansinhos; Raquel Rodríguez-Solana; Efrén Pérez Santín; Natacha Coelho; Anabela Romano. Elicitation improves rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity in Thymus lotocephalus shoot cultures. Industrial Crops and Products 2019, 137, 214 -220.
AMA StyleSandra Gonçalves, Inês Mansinhos, Raquel Rodríguez-Solana, Efrén Pérez Santín, Natacha Coelho, Anabela Romano. Elicitation improves rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity in Thymus lotocephalus shoot cultures. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019; 137 ():214-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Gonçalves; Inês Mansinhos; Raquel Rodríguez-Solana; Efrén Pérez Santín; Natacha Coelho; Anabela Romano. 2019. "Elicitation improves rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity in Thymus lotocephalus shoot cultures." Industrial Crops and Products 137, no. : 214-220.
Plantago algarbiensis samp is an endangered species endemic to the Algarve, in southern Portugal. In the present work, the genetic diversity of three populations was assessed by RAPD markers. Samples were amplified using ten primers that generated 145 markers, 80% of which were polymorphic. Tunes population presented the highest polymorphism percentage (73.68%) and Algoz the lowest (67.67%). In the cluster analysis, two major groups were formed, one including individuals from Gambelas and the other clustered together individuals from the other populations. The highest level of genetic diversity, estimated by both Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information measure, was found in Tunes and the lowest in Algoz. From the estimates of Shannon’s index, the proportion of the diversity within populations was 86.12% and that among populations was 13.88%. Similar results were obtained by AMOVA analysis. A correlation was found between geographic distance and genetic differentiation among populations. The Nm values obtained suggest a high level of gene flow among populations, which was inversely proportional to the distance between populations. RAPDs proved to be a useful tool to determine the genetic diversity of P. algarbiensis populations. The data obtained can be used to develop effective conservation strategies to prevent the decline of populations.
Natacha Coelho; Carmen Martín; María Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. Estimation of genetic diversity in seedlings of Plantago algarbiensis, an endangered species endemic to the south of Portugal in risk of global extinction. Brazilian Journal of Botany 2016, 40, 257 -264.
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, Carmen Martín, María Elena González-Benito, Anabela Romano. Estimation of genetic diversity in seedlings of Plantago algarbiensis, an endangered species endemic to the south of Portugal in risk of global extinction. Brazilian Journal of Botany. 2016; 40 (1):257-264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; Carmen Martín; María Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. 2016. "Estimation of genetic diversity in seedlings of Plantago algarbiensis, an endangered species endemic to the south of Portugal in risk of global extinction." Brazilian Journal of Botany 40, no. 1: 257-264.
Natacha Coelho; M. Elena Gonzalez Benito; Anabela Romano. Approaches for the cryopreservation of Plantago algarbiensis, a rare endemic species of the Algarve. Cryo letters 2015, 35, 1 .
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, M. Elena Gonzalez Benito, Anabela Romano. Approaches for the cryopreservation of Plantago algarbiensis, a rare endemic species of the Algarve. Cryo letters. 2015; 35 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; M. Elena Gonzalez Benito; Anabela Romano. 2015. "Approaches for the cryopreservation of Plantago algarbiensis, a rare endemic species of the Algarve." Cryo letters 35, no. 6: 1.
Tuberaria major is an endangered endemic species from the Algarve, in the south of Portugal. We investigated two techniques for the cryopreservation of T. major shoot tips, namely vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration. Before the cryopreservation trials, shoot tips were precultured for 1 day on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.3 M sucrose. For the vitrification method, shoots tips were exposed for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min to plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). As for the encapsulation-dehydration method, shoot tips were dried inside a laminar air flow cabinet for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h at room temperature. The highest regrowth percentages were approximately 60 and 67 % for vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration, respectively. The best times were 60 min exposure to PVS2 for vitrification and 3 h desiccation for encapsulation-dehydration. Though these are preliminary results, the use of the cryopreservation techniques tested here proved to be an important asset in the conservation of this endangered species and will complement the conservation strategies previously developed.
Natacha Coelho; María Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. Cryopreservation of shoot tips from the endangered endemic species Tuberaria major. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2014, 36, 3333 -3336.
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, María Elena González-Benito, Anabela Romano. Cryopreservation of shoot tips from the endangered endemic species Tuberaria major. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2014; 36 (12):3333-3336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; María Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. 2014. "Cryopreservation of shoot tips from the endangered endemic species Tuberaria major." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36, no. 12: 3333-3336.
Natacha Coelho; M. Elena Gonzalez Benito; Carmen Martín; Anabela Romano. Cryopreservation of Thymus lotocephalus shoot tips and assessment of genetic stability. Cryo letters 2014, 35, 1 .
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, M. Elena Gonzalez Benito, Carmen Martín, Anabela Romano. Cryopreservation of Thymus lotocephalus shoot tips and assessment of genetic stability. Cryo letters. 2014; 35 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; M. Elena Gonzalez Benito; Carmen Martín; Anabela Romano. 2014. "Cryopreservation of Thymus lotocephalus shoot tips and assessment of genetic stability." Cryo letters 35, no. 2: 1.
(Willk.) P. Silva and Rozeira is a critically-endangered rock rose species endemic to Portugal. Because the species needs to be preserved, this study evaluated the morphological and physiological traits of micropropagated plants during acclimatization and field transfer. There were no significant differences between wild and micropropagated plants in the field, although the latter underwent significant changes during acclimatization. Leaf pubescence and leaf mass per area increased during acclimatization whereas the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio declined to eventually match those of wild plants. Stomatal conductance (g) and transpiration rates (E) also declined substantially during acclimatization, thus preventing uncontrolled wilting. Photosynthetic rate (P) was initially negative but increased during the later stages of acclimatization. Maximum quantum yield of PSII (F/F) remained constant at 0.78–0.85, showing that the plants were healthy and unstressed. PSII quantum efficiency (ϕ) was initially low but increased during acclimatization along with photosynthetic performance as the energy partitioning in PSII was adjusted. This was balanced by the decline in non-regulated energy dissipation (ϕ) from an initially high value. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content remained constant at similar levels in both groups of plants, but HO levels were higher in the field, perhaps indicating the early induction of antioxidant defense systems. The present study shows that has enough phenotypic plasticity to adapt to changing environments and that the procedure described herein can be used for the restoration and preservation of this species.
Maria Leonor Osório; Sandra Gonçalves; Natacha Coelho; Júlio Osório; Anabela Romano. Morphological, physiological and oxidative stress markers during acclimatization and field transfer of micropropagated Tuberaria major plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2013, 115, 85 -97.
AMA StyleMaria Leonor Osório, Sandra Gonçalves, Natacha Coelho, Júlio Osório, Anabela Romano. Morphological, physiological and oxidative stress markers during acclimatization and field transfer of micropropagated Tuberaria major plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2013; 115 (1):85-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Leonor Osório; Sandra Gonçalves; Natacha Coelho; Júlio Osório; Anabela Romano. 2013. "Morphological, physiological and oxidative stress markers during acclimatization and field transfer of micropropagated Tuberaria major plants." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 115, no. 1: 85-97.
Maria Leonor Osório; Sandra Gonçalves; N. Coelho; Anabela Romano; Júlio Osório. HOW TO MONITOR THE ACCLIMATIZATION OF MICROPROPAGATED PLANTS - FROM IN VITRO TO THE FIELD? Acta Horticulturae 2013, 65 -70.
AMA StyleMaria Leonor Osório, Sandra Gonçalves, N. Coelho, Anabela Romano, Júlio Osório. HOW TO MONITOR THE ACCLIMATIZATION OF MICROPROPAGATED PLANTS - FROM IN VITRO TO THE FIELD? Acta Horticulturae. 2013; (988):65-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Leonor Osório; Sandra Gonçalves; N. Coelho; Anabela Romano; Júlio Osório. 2013. "HOW TO MONITOR THE ACCLIMATIZATION OF MICROPROPAGATED PLANTS - FROM IN VITRO TO THE FIELD?" Acta Horticulturae , no. 988: 65-70.
Thymus lotocephalus G. López and R. Morales is a rare aromatic species endemic from the south region of Portugal. We investigated the germination behavior and the cryopreservation tolerance of T. lotocephalus seeds collected from four populations. Seeds were set to germinate at 15 or 25 °C under light or darkness. The best germination temperature tested was 15 °C, under either light or darkness, with final germination percentages above 80% and mean germination time (MGT) below 10 days. The results showed that T. lotocephalus has non-dormant seeds. Seeds from different populations presented few differences on the final germination percentage and MGT. To assess seed tolerance to cryopreservation, they were directly immersed in liquid nitrogen for 30 days. Overall, we found that cryopreservation was non-detrimental to germination of T. lotocephalus seeds, thus being a reliable method for germplasm conservation of this endangered species.
Natacha Coelho; Sandra Gonçalves; M. Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. Germination and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds from the rare aromatic species Thymus lotocephalus. Scientia Horticulturae 2012, 145, 84 -86.
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, Sandra Gonçalves, M. Elena González-Benito, Anabela Romano. Germination and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds from the rare aromatic species Thymus lotocephalus. Scientia Horticulturae. 2012; 145 ():84-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; Sandra Gonçalves; M. Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. 2012. "Germination and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds from the rare aromatic species Thymus lotocephalus." Scientia Horticulturae 145, no. : 84-86.
We compared the phenolic metabolites and antioxidant activities of Thymus lotocephalus G. López & R. Morales wild plants and in vitro cultures using different extraction solvents. HPLC–DAD analysis allowed the identification and quantification of phenolic (caffeic and rosmarinic) acids and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in extracts from both sources. The in vitro cultures accumulated large amounts of rosmarinic acid. However, extracts from both sources were able to neutralise free radicals in different test systems (TEAC and ORAC assays), to form complexes with Fe2+ and to protect mouse brains against Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. The solvent significantly influenced the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts, water/ethanol being the most efficient for the extraction of antioxidant phytochemicals. We conclude that in vitro cultures of T. lotocephalus represent a promising alternative for the production of valuable natural antioxidants and an efficient tool for the in vitro biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid, therefore avoiding the need to exploit populations of wild plants.
Patrícia Costa; Sandra Gonçalves; Patrícia Valentão; Paula Andrade; Natacha Coelho; Anabela Romano. Thymus lotocephalus wild plants and in vitro cultures produce different profiles of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry 2012, 135, 1253 -1260.
AMA StylePatrícia Costa, Sandra Gonçalves, Patrícia Valentão, Paula Andrade, Natacha Coelho, Anabela Romano. Thymus lotocephalus wild plants and in vitro cultures produce different profiles of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry. 2012; 135 (3):1253-1260.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrícia Costa; Sandra Gonçalves; Patrícia Valentão; Paula Andrade; Natacha Coelho; Anabela Romano. 2012. "Thymus lotocephalus wild plants and in vitro cultures produce different profiles of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity." Food Chemistry 135, no. 3: 1253-1260.
The aim of this work was to develop an in vitro propagation protocol for the endangered species Thymus lotocephalus using seedlings as explants. Several macronutrient concentrations of Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), cytokinin types and concentrations, and cytokinin/auxin combinations were tested to assess the shoots’ proliferation capacity. Although the best proliferation results were obtained with 6-benzyladenine, high percentages of hyperhidric shoots were observed. Because high proliferation of healthy shoots was observed in MS medium that was free of plant growth regulators, this medium was chosen for proliferation studies. The best rooting results were achieved in ¼MS medium without auxins (92.00 ± 6.11%, 6.54 ± 0.52 and 1.60 ± 0.10 cm regarding rooting frequency, number of roots per shoot and longest roots, respectively) or supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (98.00 ± 2.11%, 11.14 ± 0.75 and 2.40 ± 0.24 cm, respectively). Plantlets were successfully acclimatised to ex vitro conditions with a survival rate of 93.33%. With the development of this micropropagation protocol, an important contribution has been made to the conservation of the endangered species T. lotocephalus.
Natacha Coelho; Sandra Gonçalves; María Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. Establishment of an in vitro propagation protocol for Thymus lotocephalus, a rare aromatic species of the Algarve (Portugal). Plant Growth Regulation 2011, 66, 69 -74.
AMA StyleNatacha Coelho, Sandra Gonçalves, María Elena González-Benito, Anabela Romano. Establishment of an in vitro propagation protocol for Thymus lotocephalus, a rare aromatic species of the Algarve (Portugal). Plant Growth Regulation. 2011; 66 (1):69-74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatacha Coelho; Sandra Gonçalves; María Elena González-Benito; Anabela Romano. 2011. "Establishment of an in vitro propagation protocol for Thymus lotocephalus, a rare aromatic species of the Algarve (Portugal)." Plant Growth Regulation 66, no. 1: 69-74.
A simple and efficient protocol for the micropropagation of Drosera intermedia, using cultures initiated from in vitro produced seedlings, is described. Shoot proliferation was significantly influenced by Murashige and Skoog (MS) macronutrient concentration, showing higher multiplication rates for ¼ MS (the lowest concentration), but was not affected by the addition of 0.1 mg dm−3 kinetin. In all cases a multiplication percentage above 90 % was recorded. High rooting percentages (up to 100 %) were obtained in multiplication phase on ¼ MS medium without growth regulators. In average 15.8 plantlets per initial shoot was produced after 8 weeks of culture. All plantlets were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions, exhibiting normal development.
T. Grevenstuk; Natacha Coelho; S. Gonçalves; A. Romano. In vitro propagation of Drosera intermedia in a single step. Biologia plantarum 2010, 54, 391 -394.
AMA StyleT. Grevenstuk, Natacha Coelho, S. Gonçalves, A. Romano. In vitro propagation of Drosera intermedia in a single step. Biologia plantarum. 2010; 54 (2):391-394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Grevenstuk; Natacha Coelho; S. Gonçalves; A. Romano. 2010. "In vitro propagation of Drosera intermedia in a single step." Biologia plantarum 54, no. 2: 391-394.
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the methanol, water and n-hexane extracts of Drosera intermedia, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau (F-C), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assays showed that the methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity (F-C: 378.6 ± 31.5 μmolGAE/mgextract; TEAC: 332.2 ± 29.1 μmolTE/mgextract; ORAC: 64.7 ± 7.8 μmolTE/mgextract). Antimicrobial activity was tested against seven bacterial and eight yeast strains using the agar diffusion assay, followed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). All tested D. intermedia extracts demonstrated strong antimicrobial properties with a broad spectrum of activity. However, the n-hexane extract exhibited much greater activity than water and methanol extracts. The most susceptible microorganisms to the n-hexane extract were Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and Candida albicans YP0175, for which a MIC value of 13.0 μg/mL was scored.
Tomás Grevenstuk; Sandra Gonçalves; Sara Almeida; Natacha Coelho; Célia Quintas; Maria Nelma Gaspar; Anabela Romano. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of in vitro Cultured Drosera intermedia Extracts. Natural Product Communications 2009, 4, 1063 -8.
AMA StyleTomás Grevenstuk, Sandra Gonçalves, Sara Almeida, Natacha Coelho, Célia Quintas, Maria Nelma Gaspar, Anabela Romano. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of in vitro Cultured Drosera intermedia Extracts. Natural Product Communications. 2009; 4 (8):1063-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás Grevenstuk; Sandra Gonçalves; Sara Almeida; Natacha Coelho; Célia Quintas; Maria Nelma Gaspar; Anabela Romano. 2009. "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of in vitro Cultured Drosera intermedia Extracts." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 8: 1063-8.
Two full-length cDNA clones of PoleFAD2 and one full-length cDNA clone of PoleFAD6, encoding ω-6 fatty acid desaturases, the key enzymes for the conversion of oleic into linoleic acid, were isolated from purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) leaves and seeds. The deduced amino acid sequence of both isoforms of PoleFAD2 showed higher similarities to other microsomal ω-6 desaturases then to PoleFAD6 or other plastidial orthologues, and vice versa. Expression analysis by RT-PCR showed that all genes are expressed in all tissues of purslane tested, but higher levels of mRNA accumulation were detected in reproductive organs and cells that proliferate rapidly or store lipids. Wounding affected the levels of mRNA accumulation of both, FAD2 and FAD6 genes in purslane leaves, while chilling stress affected only FAD2 transcript level. The expression patterns observed reflect the discrete roles of these genes in membrane synthesis for cell division, thylakoid development, and lipid storage or in the biosynthetic pathway for the production of signaling molecules that influence plant development or defense.
M. C. Teixeira; Natacha Coelho; M. E. Olsson; P. E. Brodelius; I. S. Carvalho; Maria Brodelius. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of three omega-6 desaturase genes from purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Biotechnology Letters 2009, 31, 1089 -1101.
AMA StyleM. C. Teixeira, Natacha Coelho, M. E. Olsson, P. E. Brodelius, I. S. Carvalho, Maria Brodelius. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of three omega-6 desaturase genes from purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Biotechnology Letters. 2009; 31 (7):1089-1101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. C. Teixeira; Natacha Coelho; M. E. Olsson; P. E. Brodelius; I. S. Carvalho; Maria Brodelius. 2009. "Molecular cloning and expression analysis of three omega-6 desaturase genes from purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)." Biotechnology Letters 31, no. 7: 1089-1101.