Size and shape data of agricultural crops provide great sources for food processing technologies. The physical attributes of different fruits should be known for the design, developing and innovation of food technologies. In this study, the size and shape distinctions of fifteen national and international walnut cultivars (Midland, Sütyemez-1, Serr, Maraş-18, Maraş-12, Sütyemez-2, Kaman-1, Kaman-5, Pedro, Howard, Chandler, Şebin, Şen-2, Bilecik and KR-1) were determined using elliptic Fourier and multivariate approaches. Firstly, the gravitational features of walnut cultivars were determined, and their dimensional, area and shape attributes were revealed by image processing. Cluster analysis was used to designate the walnut cultivars. Elliptic Fourier descriptors obtained from walnut outlines provided the comparisons among walnut cultivars in shape. The shape index indicated that Serr, Sütyemez-2, Midland and Şen-2 cultivars were oval-shaped, and the others were spherical. The cluster analysis divided the walnut cultivars into four subgroups. Elliptic Fourier descriptors perfectly distinguished the walnut cultivars according to shape.

In the present study, the biochemical composition and shape and dimensional traits of 25 rosehip ( Rosa canina ) genotypes were investigated. The shape and dimensional traits were determined by image processing technique. Seed-propagated rosehip genotypes belonging to R. canina were collected from the natural flora of Mesudiye (Ordu) and Talas (Kayseri) districts. Antioxidant activity (39.510–72.673 mmol · kg ⁻¹ ), total flavonoids (287.80–1,686.20 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) · kg ⁻¹ ) and total phenolics (38,519.40–79,080.60 mg gallic acid equivalent · kg ⁻¹ ) of the genotypes exhibited large variations. Width (12.2 mm) and thickness (12.5 mm) of fruits averages were found to be close to each other. The genotypes exhibited fruit lengths between 12.0 mm and 29.5 mm. Average projected area at horizontal orientation (179.7 mm ² ) was greater than the projected area at vertical orientation (120.4 mm ² ). Sphericity average was calculated as 71.4%. According to principal component (PC) analysis, the most important dimensional traits discriminating genotypes from each other were identified as surface area, geometric mean diameter and volume. In terms of shape attributes, distinctive differences were observed in sphericity, circularity, elongation and surface closure rates (SCR) of the genotypes. According to elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), genotypes look like a sphere. In terms of shape, there were long, spherical, flat bottomed, pointed bottomed and asymmetric-looking genotypes indicating how environment and genotype affect the fruit shape. The greatest shape variation was transverse contraction and expansion. According to the clustering analysis for shape attributes, rosehip genotypes were classified into six groups. Dendrogram, scatter plots of linear discriminant analysis and paired comparison test results put forth the shape differences of the genotype successfully.