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In this study, berry dimensions and shape traits, which are important for the design of the grape processing system and the classification of 10 different grape varieties grown in same ecological conditions (‘Ata Sarısı’, ‘Barış’, ‘Dımışkı’, ‘Hatun Parmağı’, ‘Helvani’, ‘Horoz Karası’, ‘Hönüsü’, ‘İtalia’, ‘Mevlana Sarısı’, and ‘Red Globe’) were determined; differences between the varieties were identified with the use of discriminant analysis. The largest grape varieties were identified as ‘Ata Sarısı’ and ‘Red Globe’. The ‘Red Globe’ and ‘Helvani’ varieties had geometrically sphere-like shape. The ‘Barış’ variety had the lowest size averages. According to elliptic Fourier analysis, the primary source of shape variation was ellipse and sphere-looking varieties. However, shape variation was seen due to the existence of a small number of drop-like varieties. According to discriminant analysis, shape differences of the varieties were defined by two discriminant functions. Based on these discriminant functions, the greatest classification performance was achieved for ‘Mevlana Sarısı’ and ‘Dımışkı’. In scatter plots, three shape definitions (sphere, ellipse, and drop) were made for grape varieties. Cluster analysis revealed 4 sub-groups. The first sub-group included the ‘Mevlana Sarısı’ variety; the second sub-group included the ‘Hönüsü’, ‘Hatun Parmağı’, ‘Dımışkı’, and ‘Horoz Karası’ varieties; the third sub-group included the ‘Ata Sarısı’ variety; the fourth sub-group included the ‘Barış’, ‘Helvani’, ‘İtalia’, and ‘Red Globe’ varieties. The variety in the first group had a geometrically ellipse-like shape, the largest length, and the smallest width. The size data were the smallest for the second sub-group. The third sub-group, with the ellipse-like shape, had the large size data. The grape varieties the closest to the sphere were classified in the fourth group, and these varieties had the large sizes.
Muhammed Kupe; Bahadır Sayinci; Bünyamin Demir; Sezai Ercisli; Kürşat Aslan; Muhammet Gundesli; Mojmir Baron; Jiri Sochor. Multivariate Analysis Approaches for Dimension and Shape Discrimination of Vitis vinifera Varieties. Plants 2021, 10, 1528 .
AMA StyleMuhammed Kupe, Bahadır Sayinci, Bünyamin Demir, Sezai Ercisli, Kürşat Aslan, Muhammet Gundesli, Mojmir Baron, Jiri Sochor. Multivariate Analysis Approaches for Dimension and Shape Discrimination of Vitis vinifera Varieties. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammed Kupe; Bahadır Sayinci; Bünyamin Demir; Sezai Ercisli; Kürşat Aslan; Muhammet Gundesli; Mojmir Baron; Jiri Sochor. 2021. "Multivariate Analysis Approaches for Dimension and Shape Discrimination of Vitis vinifera Varieties." Plants 10, no. 8: 1528.
Morphology is the most visible and distinct character of plant organs and is accepted as one of the most important tools for plant biologists, plant breeders and growers. A number of methods based on plant morphology are applied to discriminate in particular close cultivars. In this study, image processing analysis was used on 20 grape cultivars (“Amasya beyazı“, “Antep karası“, “Bahçeli karası”, “Çavuş“, “Cevşen“, “Crimson“, “Dimrit“, “Erenköy beyazı“, “Hafızali“, “Karaşabi“, “Kırmızı“, “İzabella (Isabella) “, “Morşabi“, “Müşgüle“, “Nuniya“, “Royal“, “Sultani çekirdeksiz (Sultanina)“, “Yalova incisi“, “Yerli beyazv“, “Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz“) to classify them. According to image processing analysis, the longest and the greatest projected area values were observed in “Antep karası“ cultivar. The “Sultani çekirdeksiz“ cultivar had the least geometric mean diameter. The greatest sphericity ratios were observed in “Yerli beyaz“, “Erenköy beyazı“ and “Amasya beyazı“ cultivars. According to principal component analysis, dimensional attributes were identified as the most significant source of variation discriminant grape cultivars from each other. Morphological differences between the cultivars were explained by sphericity and elongation variables. According to elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) results, grape morphology largely looks like ellipse and sphere. However, there are some cultivars that look similar to a water drop. The cultivars with similar morphology were identified by a pair-wise comparison test conducted with the use of linear discriminant analysis, and they were presented in a scatter plot. According to cluster analysis, present grape cultivars were classified into seven sub-groups, which indicated great diversity.
Muhammed Kupe; Bahadır Sayıncı; Bunyamin Demir; Sezai Ercisli; Mojmir Baron; Jiri Sochor. Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors. Plants 2021, 10, 1350 .
AMA StyleMuhammed Kupe, Bahadır Sayıncı, Bunyamin Demir, Sezai Ercisli, Mojmir Baron, Jiri Sochor. Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammed Kupe; Bahadır Sayıncı; Bunyamin Demir; Sezai Ercisli; Mojmir Baron; Jiri Sochor. 2021. "Morphological Characteristics of Grapevine Cultivars and Closed Contour Analysis with Elliptic Fourier Descriptors." Plants 10, no. 7: 1350.
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectra were recorded to investigate the electronic structure and local crystal structure of ZnO and ZnO:B powders produced via hydrothermal synthesis. ZnO and ZnO:B grow as micrometre-scale rods with hexagonal shape, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The number of broken ZnO:B rods increases with increasing B concentration, as observed in the images, due to B atoms locating in between the Zn and O atoms which weakens and/or breaks the Zn–O bonds. However, no disorder within the crystallographic structure of ZnO upon B doping is observed from X-ray diffraction results, which were supported by EXAFS results. To determine the atomic locations of boron atoms in the crystal structure and their influence on the zinc atoms, EXAFS data were fitted with calculated spectra using the crystal structure parameters obtained from the crystallographic analysis of the samples. EXAFS data fitting and complementary k-weight analysis revealed the positions of the B atoms – their positions were determined to be in between the Zn and O atoms.
Selma Erat; Osman Murat Ozkendir; Saadet Yildirimcan; Selen Gunaydin; Messaoud Harfouche; Bunyamin Demir; Artur Braun. Study on crystallographic and electronic structure of micrometre-scale ZnO and ZnO:B rods via X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 2021, 28, 448 -454.
AMA StyleSelma Erat, Osman Murat Ozkendir, Saadet Yildirimcan, Selen Gunaydin, Messaoud Harfouche, Bunyamin Demir, Artur Braun. Study on crystallographic and electronic structure of micrometre-scale ZnO and ZnO:B rods via X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. 2021; 28 (2):448-454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSelma Erat; Osman Murat Ozkendir; Saadet Yildirimcan; Selen Gunaydin; Messaoud Harfouche; Bunyamin Demir; Artur Braun. 2021. "Study on crystallographic and electronic structure of micrometre-scale ZnO and ZnO:B rods via X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 2: 448-454.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, düşük hacimli pestisit uygulamalarında kullanılan döner diskli memede disk konum açısı (0º ve 30º), ilerleme hızı (0.4 ve 1.2 m s-1) ve memeler arası mesafe (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 ve 1.2 m) faktörlerinin hacimsel dağılım düzgünlüğüne olan etkisini incelemek ve optimum işletme parametrelerini belirlemektir. Laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülen püskürtme uygulamalarında doğrusal hareketli bir püskürtme simülatörü kullanılmıştır. Döner diskin devir sayısı 7000 min-1 ve püskürtme yüksekliği 40 cm olarak ayarlanmıştır. Püskürtme sıvısına 1 g l-1 konsantrasyonda Tartrazine karıştırılmıştır. Uygulamalar 30 l ha-1 norm değerinde yapılmıştır. Örnekleme için 35 mm çaplı petri kutusu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tüm uygulamalarda püskürtme paterni asimetrik görünümde oluşmuştur. 0° ve 30°’lik disk konum açıları için en düşük varyasyon katsayısı (CV) 0.4 m s-1 ilerleme hızında ve 0.7-0.9 m meme aralığında elde edilmiştir. 1.2 m s-1 ilerleme hızında belirlenen CV ortalamaları 0.4 m s-1 hıza göre daha yüksektir. Ancak disk konum açısı 30º olduğunda 1.2 m s-1 ilerleme hızında elde edilen CV ortalamaları 0º’lik konum açısına göre kısmen iyileşmiştir.
Bahadır Sayinci; Ruçhan Çömlek; Mustafa Gökalp Boydaş; Bünyamin Demir. Döner Diskli Memede Disk Konum Açısı ve İlerleme Hızının Hacimsel Dağılım Düzgünlüğüne Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 2020, 311 -323.
AMA StyleBahadır Sayinci, Ruçhan Çömlek, Mustafa Gökalp Boydaş, Bünyamin Demir. Döner Diskli Memede Disk Konum Açısı ve İlerleme Hızının Hacimsel Dağılım Düzgünlüğüne Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 2020; ():311-323.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBahadır Sayinci; Ruçhan Çömlek; Mustafa Gökalp Boydaş; Bünyamin Demir. 2020. "Döner Diskli Memede Disk Konum Açısı ve İlerleme Hızının Hacimsel Dağılım Düzgünlüğüne Etkisi." Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research , no. : 311-323.
In present study, energy transition from fossil-based to renewable energy of Turkey was compared with Germany, which is one of the world leaders, in order to analyze for which points Germany is a good model for Turkey. The renewable energy policies, strengths/weakness and targets of Germany and Turkey were examined and compared. Germany has the 4th largest economy whereas Turkey, which is a developing country has the 18th largest economy in of the world. Germany declared to have the renewable energy in the energy mix by 65% in 2030 and set the long-term targets as: to reach at least 60% of final energy and 80% of electricity consumption from renewable sources by the year 2050. Turkey is expected to reach ~ 63 GW installed renewables in 2023, which was 42 GW. Germany and Turkey have similarities for the energy security since both are fossil-based and import-dependent countries. The import quotas of Germany are 99% for oil and 96% for natural gas and quotas of Turkey are 93.2% for oil and 99.2% for natural gas. Turkey with “More Domestic, More Renewable” policy wants to reduce the foreign dependency rate and reduce the primary energy consumption by 14% by the year 2023. Germany aims to reduce the greenhouse gas emission by 40% by the year 2020 and in long-term by 80–95% in 2050 as compared to the level of 1990. Turkey declared an intention to decrease the emission by 21% by the year 2030. One of the differences between Germany and Turkey is that Germany aims to shut down the nuclear power in 2022 whereas Turkey, for the first time, is going to have nuclear power in the energy mix in 2023.
Azime Telli; Selma Erat; Bunyamin Demir. Comparison of energy transition of Turkey and Germany: energy policy, strengths/weaknesses and targets. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2020, 1 -15.
AMA StyleAzime Telli, Selma Erat, Bunyamin Demir. Comparison of energy transition of Turkey and Germany: energy policy, strengths/weaknesses and targets. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2020; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzime Telli; Selma Erat; Bunyamin Demir. 2020. "Comparison of energy transition of Turkey and Germany: energy policy, strengths/weaknesses and targets." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy , no. : 1-15.
The energy demand of Turkey has been increasing along with increasing life standards and population and growing economy particularly since the 1980s. Most of the oil and natural gas have been imported by Turkey due to insufficient domestic reserves. Nowadays, the population of Turkey is about 83 million. The Turkish economy grew by 3% in the last 30 years and became the 18th largest economy in the world and the 6th one in Europe. Turkey aims to use energy resources efficiently, effectively and eco-friendly. Concerning climate change, Turkey signed the Paris Agreement and pledged a 21% reduction in greenhouse gas emission by the year 2030. While the energy world is in an inevitable transition to green energy, Turkey, which has a huge potential to achieve 100% energy transition in renewable energy, is still the 17th largest country in the utilization of renewable energy. Although Turkey has already reached the 2023 targets concerning the utilization of renewable energy, there is a long path to reach the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The 2030 targets of Turkey are to increase the installed solar capacity up to 38,000 MW, wind capacity up to 25,000 MW and geothermal capacity up to 4000 MW. Turkey officially announced that the utilization of renewable energy will be 32%. However, taking into account the potential and success in 2023 targets, it was seen that 2030 targets should be revised and increased from 32% to at least 50%. This study presents the milestones, challenges and opportunities of Turkey on the way of the energy transition toward renewable up to 2030. The energy goals of Turkey which are to use domestic energy resources efficiently and effectively were discussed and presented in detail. The aim of Turkey is to reduce the energy import dependency (76%). The installed energy capacities, energy consumption and projections, energy security and energy policies of Turkey were also presented.
Selma Erat; Azime Telli; Osman Murat Ozkendir; Bunyamin Demir. Turkey’s energy transition from fossil-based to renewable up to 2030: milestones, challenges and opportunities. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2020, 23, 401 -412.
AMA StyleSelma Erat, Azime Telli, Osman Murat Ozkendir, Bunyamin Demir. Turkey’s energy transition from fossil-based to renewable up to 2030: milestones, challenges and opportunities. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 2020; 23 (2):401-412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSelma Erat; Azime Telli; Osman Murat Ozkendir; Bunyamin Demir. 2020. "Turkey’s energy transition from fossil-based to renewable up to 2030: milestones, challenges and opportunities." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23, no. 2: 401-412.
Several researchers have investigated the relationships among different physical attributes of the fruits. For proper design and operation of grading systems, important relationships among the mass and other properties of fruits such as length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, projected area, shape index, aspect ratio and elongations must be known. Recent researches have focused on artificial neural network (ANN) approaches to predict hard-to-find attributes of the fruits from easily-determined and readily available values. In this study, Modular Neural Network (MNN) and Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN) structures of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed to predict walnut mass from the physical attributes of the walnuts. Root mean square errors (RMSE) of MNN structure ranged from 0.60 to 0.89, while RMSE of RBNN structure were found to be very low (0.0002) in all of walnut varieties. These results showed that RBNN structures of Artificial Neural Network could potentially be used to estimate mass of walnuts and various physical attributes of walnuts were sufficient to predict the mass characteristics of a walnut.
Bünyamin Demir; Ikbal Eski; Feyza Gürbüz; Zeynel Abidin Kuş; Yılmaz Sesli; Sezai Ercişli. Prediction of Walnut Mass Based on Physical Attributes by Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Erwerbs-Obstbau 2020, 62, 47 -56.
AMA StyleBünyamin Demir, Ikbal Eski, Feyza Gürbüz, Zeynel Abidin Kuş, Yılmaz Sesli, Sezai Ercişli. Prediction of Walnut Mass Based on Physical Attributes by Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Erwerbs-Obstbau. 2020; 62 (1):47-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBünyamin Demir; Ikbal Eski; Feyza Gürbüz; Zeynel Abidin Kuş; Yılmaz Sesli; Sezai Ercişli. 2020. "Prediction of Walnut Mass Based on Physical Attributes by Artificial Neural Network (ANN)." Erwerbs-Obstbau 62, no. 1: 47-56.
Size and shape data of agricultural crops provide great sources for food processing technologies. The physical attributes of different fruits should be known for the design, developing and innovation of food technologies. In this study, the size and shape distinctions of fifteen national and international walnut cultivars (Midland, Sütyemez-1, Serr, Maraş-18, Maraş-12, Sütyemez-2, Kaman-1, Kaman-5, Pedro, Howard, Chandler, Şebin, Şen-2, Bilecik and KR-1) were determined using elliptic Fourier and multivariate approaches. Firstly, the gravitational features of walnut cultivars were determined, and their dimensional, area and shape attributes were revealed by image processing. Cluster analysis was used to designate the walnut cultivars. Elliptic Fourier descriptors obtained from walnut outlines provided the comparisons among walnut cultivars in shape. The shape index indicated that Serr, Sütyemez-2, Midland and Şen-2 cultivars were oval-shaped, and the others were spherical. The cluster analysis divided the walnut cultivars into four subgroups. Elliptic Fourier descriptors perfectly distinguished the walnut cultivars according to shape.
B. Demir; B. Sayıncı; N. Çetin; M. Yaman; R. Çömlek; Y. Aydın; M. Sütyemez. Elliptic Fourier based analysis and multivariate approaches for size and shape distinctions of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Grasas y Aceites 2018, 69, 271 .
AMA StyleB. Demir, B. Sayıncı, N. Çetin, M. Yaman, R. Çömlek, Y. Aydın, M. Sütyemez. Elliptic Fourier based analysis and multivariate approaches for size and shape distinctions of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Grasas y Aceites. 2018; 69 (4):271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Demir; B. Sayıncı; N. Çetin; M. Yaman; R. Çömlek; Y. Aydın; M. Sütyemez. 2018. "Elliptic Fourier based analysis and multivariate approaches for size and shape distinctions of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars." Grasas y Aceites 69, no. 4: 271.
In this study, an adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) based predictor was designed to predict the physical properties of four almond types. Measurements of the dimensions, length, width and thickness were carried out for one hundred randomly selected samples of each type. With using these three major perpendicular dimensions, some physical parameters such as projected area, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, shape index and aspect ratio were estimated. In in a various Artificial Neural Network (ANN) structures, ANFIS structure which has given the best results was selected. The parameters analytically estimated and those predicted were given in the form of figures. The root mean-squared error (RMSE) was found to be 0.0001 which is quite low. ANFIS approach has given a superior outcome in the prediction of the Physical Properties of Almond Nuts.
Ikbal Eski; Bünyamin Demir; Feyza Gürbüz; Zeynel Abidin Kuş; Kadir Uğurtan Yilmaz; Mehmet Uzun; Sezai Ercişli. Design of Neural Network Predictor for the Physical Properties of Almond Nuts. Erwerbs-Obstbau 2017, 60, 153 -160.
AMA StyleIkbal Eski, Bünyamin Demir, Feyza Gürbüz, Zeynel Abidin Kuş, Kadir Uğurtan Yilmaz, Mehmet Uzun, Sezai Ercişli. Design of Neural Network Predictor for the Physical Properties of Almond Nuts. Erwerbs-Obstbau. 2017; 60 (2):153-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIkbal Eski; Bünyamin Demir; Feyza Gürbüz; Zeynel Abidin Kuş; Kadir Uğurtan Yilmaz; Mehmet Uzun; Sezai Ercişli. 2017. "Design of Neural Network Predictor for the Physical Properties of Almond Nuts." Erwerbs-Obstbau 60, no. 2: 153-160.