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Chiara Arcangeli
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Viruses
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Maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), referred to as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), belong to the genus Lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. SRLVs infect both sheep and goats, causing significant economic losses and animal welfare damage. Recent findings suggest an association between serological status and allelic variants of different genes such as TMEM154, TLR9, MYD88 and CCR5. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of specific polymorphisms of these genes in SRLVs infection in some sheep flocks in Italy. In addition to those already known, novel variants in the TMEM154 (P7H, I74V, I105V) gene were detected in this study. The risk of infection was determined finding an association between the serological status and polymorphisms P7H, E35K, N70I, I74V, I105V of TMEM154, R447Q, A462S and G520R in TLR9 gene, H176H* and K190K* in MYD88 genes, while no statistical association was observed for the 4-bp deletion of the CCR5 gene. Since no vaccines or treatments have been developed, a genetically based approach could be an innovative strategy to prevent and to control SRLVs infection. Our findings are an important starting point in order to define the genetic resistance profile towards SRLVs infection.

ACS Style

Chiara Arcangeli; Daniele Lucarelli; Martina Torricelli; Carla Sebastiani; Marcella Ciullo; Claudia Pellegrini; Andrea Felici; Silva Costarelli; Monica Giammarioli; Francesco Feliziani; Fabrizio Passamonti; Massimo Biagetti. First Survey of SNPs in TMEM154, TLR9, MYD88 and CCR5 Genes in Sheep Reared in Italy and Their Association with Resistance to SRLVs Infection. Viruses 2021, 13, 1290 .

AMA Style

Chiara Arcangeli, Daniele Lucarelli, Martina Torricelli, Carla Sebastiani, Marcella Ciullo, Claudia Pellegrini, Andrea Felici, Silva Costarelli, Monica Giammarioli, Francesco Feliziani, Fabrizio Passamonti, Massimo Biagetti. First Survey of SNPs in TMEM154, TLR9, MYD88 and CCR5 Genes in Sheep Reared in Italy and Their Association with Resistance to SRLVs Infection. Viruses. 2021; 13 (7):1290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Arcangeli; Daniele Lucarelli; Martina Torricelli; Carla Sebastiani; Marcella Ciullo; Claudia Pellegrini; Andrea Felici; Silva Costarelli; Monica Giammarioli; Francesco Feliziani; Fabrizio Passamonti; Massimo Biagetti. 2021. "First Survey of SNPs in TMEM154, TLR9, MYD88 and CCR5 Genes in Sheep Reared in Italy and Their Association with Resistance to SRLVs Infection." Viruses 13, no. 7: 1290.

Communication
Published: 05 February 2020 in Animals
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Bovine milk contains several β-casein variants, with the A1 and A2 variants occurring most frequently. The presence of some variants, such as A1, B, and C, is considered a risk factor for disease in humans who consume milk. These variants are probably involved in intolerance to milk and some human diseases due to the production of a bioactive peptide with opioid activity during digestion, β-casomorphin 7 (BCM-7). In contrast, the A2 variant is not involved in pathogenetic mechanisms; thus, its presence in milk is a desirable feature. The difference between the A1 and A2 variants is a mutation at position 67 of the β-casein gene (CSN2), which causes an amino acid to change from histidine (in the A1, B, and C variants) to proline (in the A2 variant). To select dairy cows on the basis of the presence of the β-casein variant A2, allele frequencies of CSN2 variants were evaluated in Italian dairy cows reared in central Italy. The results of this study may help with the selection of animals with the β-casein gene variant A2 to produce a more digestible milk that only contains the β-casein variant A2. The majority of proteins in cow’s milk are caseins, which occur in four groups (α-s1, α-s2, β, and k) encoded by different genes (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3, respectively). In this study, we focused on the β-casein allele variants A1 and A2 due to their influence on milk’s technological characteristics and human health. Digestion of the β-casein variant A1 leads to the formation of β-casomorphin 7 (BCM-7), a bioactive peptide that has been suggested to be a possible cause of various human diseases and associated with low milk digestibility. The potential negative role of the β-casein variant A1 in human health has stimulated the planning of cattle breeding programs based on genetic selection to increase the frequency of the A2 variant, which is associated with increased milk digestibility. The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequencies of the different β-casein variants in Italian Holstein Friesian dairy cows from cattle farms located in central Italy to select a population of A2 homozygous animals. β-casein genotypes were identified by evaluating the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CSN2 gene using PCR and sequencing analysis. The frequency of the desirable β-casein variant A2 in the studied bovine population was 0.61. The frequency of the undesirable A1 variant in the studied bovine population was 0.30. The frequency of the A2 allele was higher than expected for the breed; therefore, genetic selection for the A2 variant in these animals could be achieved in a fairly short time using A2 homozygous bulls.

ACS Style

Carla Sebastiani; Chiara Arcangeli; Marcella Ciullo; Martina Torricelli; Giulia Cinti; Stefano Fisichella; Massimo Biagetti. Frequencies Evaluation of β-Casein Gene Polymorphisms in Dairy Cows Reared in Central Italy. Animals 2020, 10, 252 .

AMA Style

Carla Sebastiani, Chiara Arcangeli, Marcella Ciullo, Martina Torricelli, Giulia Cinti, Stefano Fisichella, Massimo Biagetti. Frequencies Evaluation of β-Casein Gene Polymorphisms in Dairy Cows Reared in Central Italy. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carla Sebastiani; Chiara Arcangeli; Marcella Ciullo; Martina Torricelli; Giulia Cinti; Stefano Fisichella; Massimo Biagetti. 2020. "Frequencies Evaluation of β-Casein Gene Polymorphisms in Dairy Cows Reared in Central Italy." Animals 10, no. 2: 252.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2019 in Italian Journal of Food Safety
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Game meat and related products are important in the promotion of local economies and rural areas. Microbiological, chemical–physical, rheological and sensory characteristics of fermented meat products (salami) made by different percentages of pork and hunted roe-deer (Capreolus capreolus) meat were evaluated. The microbiological determination indicated that the products are safe to eat, as neither Listeria monocytogenes nor Salmonella spp. was isolated from the samples. The hygienic adequacy of the process was guaranteed, as there was below 3 log CFU/g of Enterobacteriaceae level in the final products. The proximal composition analyses showed lower lipid levels in comparison to pork salami. The difference in chemical composition affects the rheological and sensory traits of the final products; the products were harder and with higher gumminess when 50% of roe-deer meat was used. Game meat flavour and odour increased with the increasing percentage of roe-deer meat.

ACS Style

David Ranucci; Rossana Roila; Dino Miraglia; Chiara Arcangeli; Francesca Vercillo; Sara Bellucci; Raffaella Branciari. Microbial, chemical-physical, rheological and organoleptic characterisation of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) salami. Italian Journal of Food Safety 2019, 8, 8195 .

AMA Style

David Ranucci, Rossana Roila, Dino Miraglia, Chiara Arcangeli, Francesca Vercillo, Sara Bellucci, Raffaella Branciari. Microbial, chemical-physical, rheological and organoleptic characterisation of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) salami. Italian Journal of Food Safety. 2019; 8 (3):8195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Ranucci; Rossana Roila; Dino Miraglia; Chiara Arcangeli; Francesca Vercillo; Sara Bellucci; Raffaella Branciari. 2019. "Microbial, chemical-physical, rheological and organoleptic characterisation of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) salami." Italian Journal of Food Safety 8, no. 3: 8195.