This study investigated the laying performance, egg quality, and egg yolk fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol content in layer hens housed with free access to chicory- and/or white clover-vegetated areas. During a 16-week study, 400 Lohmann Brown hens (32 weeks old) housed with free outdoor access were allocated randomly into four groups, each with four replicates of 25 hens. Control hens were fed a conventional diet with free access to a soil area (C), whereas other hens were fed on a conventional diet with free access to a chicory (CI)- or white clover (TR)-vegetated area or a CI and TR mixture (MIX)-vegetated area. The C hens consumed more concentrate feed (p = 0.018) than the TR and MIX hens, which had a higher herbage intake than the CI birds (p < 0.001). The C hens produced eggs with a thicker shell than those in the other treatment groups (p = 0.013). Compared with C, the saturated FAs of egg yolk decreased for MIX (p = 0.010). The polyunsaturated FAs were higher in the MIX eggs than in the C and TR eggs (p < 0.001). Although FAs were distributed in all quadrants of the principal component analysis (PCA), three main FA profiles could be identified based on the loadings of natural groupings in the PC2 versus PC1 plot. The present study shows clear evidence for the contribution of herbage to the hen diet without affecting laying performance. In addition, the FA composition of the CI and MIX vegetation contributed to the production of eggs with preferred FA attributes, such as polyunsaturated FAs and a favourable n-6 to n-3 ratio.

Türkiye; coğrafik, topoğrafik ve ekolojik farklılığının sonucu olarak oldukça zengin bir biyolojik çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Türkiye biyolojik zenginliği nedeni ile bir biyolojik çekim merkezi ve zengin bir biyolojik materyal deposu olma özelliği arz etmektedir. Biyolojik çeşitliliğin yetkili kurumların izni olmadan toplanması ve yurt dışına çıkarılması, biyo-kaçakçılık olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Maalesef, alınan bütün tedbirlere rağmen, birçok sektör tarafından kullanım alanı olan biyolojik çeşitliliğimiz, biyolojik kaçakçılığa maruz kalmış ve kalmaya devam etmektedirler. Biyolojik çeşitliliğimizi gelecek nesillere, güvenli bir biçimde teslim etme konusunda içimizin rahat ve gönlümüzün ferah olması gerekir. Bu amaçla; i) toplumsal duyarlılığın oluşturulması, ii) uzman personellerin yetiştirilmesi, iii) yasal düzenlemelerin en üst düzeyde yapılması, iv) ulusal ve uluslararası koordinasyon ve işbirliğinin sağlanması ve canlı tutulması, v) biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması ve sürdürülebilir kullanılmasına hizmet etme potansiyeli olan çalışmalara yeteri kadar destek verilmelidir. Bu makalenin amacı Türkiye‘nin biyolojik çeşitliliğinin önemini ortaya koymak, biyolojik çeşitliliğin azalmasına neden olan biyo-kaçakçılığa Türkiye odaklı dikkat çekerek, Türkiye‘de biyo-kaçakçılığın önlenmesine katkıda bulunmaktır. Dolayısıyla bu makalede biyo-kaçakçılık konusu Türkiye ölçeğinde değerlendirmiş, son yıllarda Türkiye‘de kayıtlara geçen biyo-kaçakçılık olaylarını güncel örnekleri ile sunulmuş ve biyo-kaçakçılığı daha etkin bir biçimde önlemek için alınması gereken önlemler değerlendirilmiştir.

The selection of genotypes based on various characteristics is a critical challenge in plant breeding. An experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications over two crop years, 2018-2019, to compare the effects of genotype × trait (GT) and the genotype × yield-trait (GYT) methods as well as investigate the relationships between grain yield and different agronomic traits. Plant materials ten sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Based on the combined analysis of variance, there was a significant difference in parameters except leaf length. The effect of year × genotype was significant in all traits except plant height, stem diameter, and leaf length (P≤ 0.01). Gabur, Azargol and Favorite genotypes were ranked as genotypes in the years of the experiment. Based on the graphical analysis performed on the effect of genotype × trait (GT), Zaria genotype was selected as the best and stable genotype. The genotype × yield-trait (GYT) biplot ranked genotypes by yield and other desired trait levels and depicts their trait profiles, or strengths and weaknesses. The correlation biplot revealed positive correlations between most traits with grain yield. This method is pictorial, objective, effective, and simple compared to the genotype × trait (GT) method. The GYT biplot technique is based on the paradigm shift that genotypes should be assessed by their yield levels in combination with other variables rather than individually. The graphical analysis of the effect of genotype × yield-trait (GYT) revealed that Gabur and Armavirski genotypes were selected as the best for all traits investigated and could be recommended for cultivation in the Karaj location.

Kenevir, Cannabaceae familyasında yer alan, tek yıllık, otsu ve çok yönlü kullanım potansiyeli olan bir endüstri bitkidir. Tarihin en eski bitkilerinden biri olan kenevir, ilaç, gıda, kâğıt, biyoyakıt, tekstil, kozmetik, inşaat ve otomotiv sektörüne kadar oldukça geniş yelpazede kullanım alanına sahiptir. Ekolojik ve topografı istekleri bakımından kanaatkâr bir bitki olan kenevirin adaptasyon kabiliyeti geniştir. Kenevir tohumu yaklaşık %35 yağ ve %25 protein içermesinin yanında Omega-3 kaynağı olarak da zengindir. Endüstriyel kenevir, kaliteli lif kaynağı özelliği sayesinde yakın zamanda geniş ekim alanlarında yer bularak endüstriye önemli ölçüde katkı sağlayacak potansiyele ulaşmıştır. Narkotik özelliklerinden dolayı birçok ülkede olduğu gibi ülkemizde de yasaklanan geleneksel kenevirin aksine son yıllarda geliştirilen endüstriyel amaçlı kenevir çeşitleri sayesinde kenevir tarımı birçok ülkede her geçen gün genişlemekte ve ülkelerin ekonomilerine önemli katkı sağlama potansiyeli arz etmektedir.

Salinity, which is one of the abiotic stress factors, severely restricts plant production as a result of the negative effects of plants in different growth and development periods. Therefore, it is extremely important to determine the tolerance limits of plants to salinity in order to eliminate the limiting effect in terms of plant growth. Flax is an industrial plant that is used for multiple purposes and has commercial importance in the world. This research was carried out in controlled laboratory conditions in 2021 to determine the effects of salinity on the germination of flax seeds. In the study, germination rate, root length, root fresh weight, shoot length and shoot fresh weight were evaluated. The result showed that significant differences between different NaCl solutions for all evaluated characters. Although the highest value was obtained in the control group in Mures variety, the highest value was obtained in 25 nM NaCl concentration in all other characters except for the germination rate in Dakota variety. The highest germination rate of 93.3% was obtained from the control application (0 mM NaCl) in both varieties. On the other hand, there was no germination in both varieties in 200 mM application.

This research was determined the effect of sowing dates on some agronomic and technological characters of safflower cultivars. The research was conducted in Samsun during the season 2017-2019 using 4 sowing dates (30 October, 14 November, 29 November and 14 December) and two safflower cultivars (Olas and Linas). The result of research, plant height 82.3-158.7 cm, the number of head 4.15 to 9.47 head-1 plant, seed weight per head 0.84 to 1.39 g, thousand seed weight 34.65 to 47.69 g, seed yield per plant 3.14 to 7.67 g, oil content 24.64 to 29.29% and oil yield per plant 0.83 to 2.25 g were determined. The result of interaction between sowing date and variety showed that for Olas variety the highest agronomic and technological traits were obtained in the 2nd sowing date, for Linas variety the highest values except for plant height and thousand seed yield were obtained in the 2nd sowing date. In addition, it was concluded that the second sowing date (14 November) is more suitable for safflower cultivation in the winter season in Samsun ecological conditions.