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Prof. Shihong Yang
College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University, 8 Fochengxi Road,Jiangning District, 211100 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

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0 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
0 Soil & Water Conservation Engineering
0 climate change
0 Agriculture and water management

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Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
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Research article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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To reveal the comprehensive impacts of controlled release urea (CRU) on rice production, nitrogen (N) loss, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a research based on global meta-analysis and machine learning (ML) was conducted. The results revealed that the CRU application instead of conventional fertilizer can increase rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE), and net benefits by 5.24%, 20.18%, and 9.30%, respectively, under the same amount of N. Furthermore, the emission of N2O and CH4, global warming potential (GWP), the loss of N leaching, and NH3 volatilization were respectively reduced by 25.64%, 18.33%, 21.10%, 14.90%, and 35.88%. The enhancing effects of CRU on rice yield and NUE were greater when the nitrogen application rate was 150 kg N ha−1. Nevertheless, the reducing effects of CRU on GHG emission reduction, nitrogen leaching, and NH3 volatilization was greater at high nitrogen application rate (≥150 kg ha−1). Mitigating effects of CRU on N2O and CH4 emission were significant when soil pH ≥ 6, while CRU posed a measurable effect on reducing nitrogen leaching and NH3 volatilization in paddy fields with soil organic carbon lower than 15 g kg−1 and pH lower than 6. Based on the data collected from meta-analysis, the results of ML demonstrated that it was feasible to use soil data and N application rate to predict N losses in rice fields under CRU. The performance of random forest is better than multilayer perceptron regression in predicting N losses from paddy fields. Thus, it is necessary to promote the application of CRU in paddy fields, especially in coarse soil, in which scenario the environmental pollution would be decreased and the rice yields, NUE, and net benefits would be increased. Meanwhile, machine learning models can be used to predict N losses in CRU paddy fields.

ACS Style

Zewei Jiang; Shihong Yang; Xi Chen; Qingqing Pang; Yi Xu; Suting Qi; Wanqing Yu; Huidong Dai. Controlled release urea improves rice production and reduces environmental pollution: a research based on meta-analysis and machine learning. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Zewei Jiang, Shihong Yang, Xi Chen, Qingqing Pang, Yi Xu, Suting Qi, Wanqing Yu, Huidong Dai. Controlled release urea improves rice production and reduces environmental pollution: a research based on meta-analysis and machine learning. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zewei Jiang; Shihong Yang; Xi Chen; Qingqing Pang; Yi Xu; Suting Qi; Wanqing Yu; Huidong Dai. 2021. "Controlled release urea improves rice production and reduces environmental pollution: a research based on meta-analysis and machine learning." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2021 in Water Research
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Zero valent iron (ZVI) has been previously documented to attenuate the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbes, while how ZVI affects the evolution of ARGs remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the influences of ZVI on ARGs dissemination in anaerobic bioreactor treating oxytetracycline (tet) containing wastewater, by deciphering the roles of iron homeostasis and regulatory effects. A net reduction of tet gene targets ranging from 0.75 to 1.88 and 0.67 to 2.08 log unit in intracellular and extracellular DNA was achieved at the optimal dosage of 5 g/L ZVI, whereas 20 g/L ZVI made no effects on ARGs reduction. The reduced ARGs abundance by ZVI was directly related to the inhibited horizontal transfer of ARGs and decreased proliferation of resistant strains (mainly Paludibacter and WCHB1–32). The potential mechanisms included the increased antioxidant capacity, the depressed efflux pump system and the weakened energy driving force by Fur regulon in microbes (especially for Cloacibacterium and Dechloromonas). The negligible influence of 20 g/L ZVI on ARGs reduction was ascribed to the iron-catalyzed oxidative damage and reduced physiological activity. This study firstly illustrated the potential relationships among activation of iron uptake regulator leading to protection against oxidative stress, alternation of physiological metabolisms and reduction of ARGs dissemination. This work extents our understanding about the priority of ZVI in mitigating ARGs proliferation and sheds light on its potential application in wastewater treatment plants.

ACS Style

Yi Xu; Shihong Yang; Guoxiang You; Jun Hou. Antibiotic resistance genes attenuation in anaerobic microorganisms during iron uptake from zero valent iron: An iron-dependent form of homeostasis and roles as regulators. Water Research 2021, 195, 116979 .

AMA Style

Yi Xu, Shihong Yang, Guoxiang You, Jun Hou. Antibiotic resistance genes attenuation in anaerobic microorganisms during iron uptake from zero valent iron: An iron-dependent form of homeostasis and roles as regulators. Water Research. 2021; 195 ():116979.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Xu; Shihong Yang; Guoxiang You; Jun Hou. 2021. "Antibiotic resistance genes attenuation in anaerobic microorganisms during iron uptake from zero valent iron: An iron-dependent form of homeostasis and roles as regulators." Water Research 195, no. : 116979.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Soil and Tillage Research
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Quantifying water consumption, nitrogen (N) fates, and crop yield is crucial in developing the best management practices for rice production systems. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in Taihu Lake region, China. The experiment consisted of water-saving controlled and conventional flooding irrigation regimes that are factorially combined with two N management practices (farmers’ N fertilization and site-specific N management). A simple surface ponding water layer component was incorporated into the original WHCNS (soil water heat carbon nitrogen simulator) model to simulate and comprehensively evaluate water consumption, N fates, and rice yield for water-saving and conventional rice production systems. Field experiment data, including surface water ponding depth, soil water content, runoff, runoff N loss, crop N uptake, and yield, was measured to test the improved model. Results showed agreement between the measured and simulated values of surface ponding water depth, soil water content, runoff, N runoff loss, ammonia volatilization, crop N uptake, and yield and simulated values agreed well, with average relative root mean squared error values of 24.0%, 9.3%, 26.1%, 20.9%, 21.3%, 7.9%, and 4.6%, respectively. Crop yield showed no significant difference under different water and N management practices. Compared with conventional flooding system, controlled irrigation saved 34.1% of irrigation water and greatly reduced nonproductive water consumption (evaporation + runoff + deep percolation) by 16.9%–20.0%, thus increasing the water use efficiency (WUE). Site-specific N management substantially reduced N losses from ammonia volatilization, leaching, denitrification, and runoff by 50.1%, 33.8%, 13.3%, and 42.7%, respectively, compared with those of the farmers’ N fertilization practice. These results indicated that the combination of controlled irrigation regime and site-specific N management regime reduced the water consumption, N losses, and N2O emission and increased WUE and N use efficiency.

ACS Style

Hao Liang; Shihong Yang; Junzeng Xu; Kelin Hu. Modeling water consumption, N fates, and rice yield for water-saving and conventional rice production systems. Soil and Tillage Research 2021, 209, 104944 .

AMA Style

Hao Liang, Shihong Yang, Junzeng Xu, Kelin Hu. Modeling water consumption, N fates, and rice yield for water-saving and conventional rice production systems. Soil and Tillage Research. 2021; 209 ():104944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Liang; Shihong Yang; Junzeng Xu; Kelin Hu. 2021. "Modeling water consumption, N fates, and rice yield for water-saving and conventional rice production systems." Soil and Tillage Research 209, no. : 104944.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2021 in Water
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To reveal the effect of biochar addition on rice growth and yield under water-saving irrigation, a 2-year field experiment was carried out to clarify the variations of rice tiller number, plant height, yield components, and irrigation water use efficiency with different biochar application amounts (0, 20, 40 t/ha) and irrigation management (flooding irrigation and water-saving irrigation). The results showed that the rice yield with biochar addition (20 and 40 t/ha) was 15.53% and 24.43% higher than that of non-biochar addition paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. The addition of biochar promoted the growth of tillers and plant height, improved the filled grain number, productive panicle number, and seed setting rate, thus affecting rice yield. Rice yield was raised with the increase in the biochar application amount. Under the condition of water-saving irrigation, water deficit had a certain negative effect on the rice growth indexes, resulting in a slight decrease in yield. However, irrigation water input was significantly decreased with water-saving irrigation compare to flooding irrigation. Under the comprehensive effect of water-saving irrigation and biochar application, the irrigation water use efficiency of a rice paddy field with high biochar application (40 t/ha) under water-saving irrigation was the highest, with an average increase of 91.05% compared to a paddy field with flooding irrigation. Therefore, the application of biochar in paddy fields with water-saving irrigation can substantially save irrigation water input, stably increase rice yield, and ultimately improve irrigation water productive efficiency.

ACS Style

Xi Chen; Shihong Yang; Jie Ding; Zewei Jiang; Xiao Sun. Effects of Biochar Addition on Rice Growth and Yield under Water-Saving Irrigation. Water 2021, 13, 209 .

AMA Style

Xi Chen, Shihong Yang, Jie Ding, Zewei Jiang, Xiao Sun. Effects of Biochar Addition on Rice Growth and Yield under Water-Saving Irrigation. Water. 2021; 13 (2):209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xi Chen; Shihong Yang; Jie Ding; Zewei Jiang; Xiao Sun. 2021. "Effects of Biochar Addition on Rice Growth and Yield under Water-Saving Irrigation." Water 13, no. 2: 209.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) conservation in agricultural soils is vital for sustainable agricultural production and climate change mitigation. To project changes of SOC and rice yield under different water and carbon management in future climates, based on a two-year (2015 and 2016) field test in Kunshan, China, the Denitrification Decomposition (DNDC) model was modified and validated and the soil moisture module of DNDC was improved to realize the simulation under conditions of water-saving irrigation. Four climate models under four representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5), which were integrated from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), were ensembled by the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method. The results showed that the modified DNDC model can effectively simulate changes in SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and rice yield under different irrigation and fertilizer management systems. The normalized root mean squared errors of the SOC and DOC were 3.45–17.59% and 8.79–13.93%, respectively. The model efficiency coefficients of SOC and DOC were close to 1. The climate scenarios had a great impact on rice yield, whereas the impact on SOC was less than that of agricultural management measures on SOC. The average rice yields of all the RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5 scenarios in the 2090s decreased by 18.41%, 38.59%, 65.11%, and 65.62%, respectively, compared with those in the 2020s. The long-term effect of irrigation on the SOC content of paddy fields was minimal. The SOC of the paddy fields treated with conventional fertilizer decreased initially and then remained unchanged, while the other treatments increased obviously with time. The rice yields of all the treatments decreased with time. Compared with traditional management, controlled irrigation with straw returning clearly increased the SOC and rice yields of paddy fields. Thus, this water and carbon management system is recommended for paddy fields.

ACS Style

Zewei Jiang; Shihong Yang; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun; Xi Chen; Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu. Modeling Climate Change Effects on Rice Yield and Soil Carbon Under Variable Water and Nutrient Management. Sustainability 2021, 13, 568 .

AMA Style

Zewei Jiang, Shihong Yang, Jie Ding, Xiao Sun, Xi Chen, Xiaoyin Liu, Junzeng Xu. Modeling Climate Change Effects on Rice Yield and Soil Carbon Under Variable Water and Nutrient Management. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zewei Jiang; Shihong Yang; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun; Xi Chen; Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu. 2021. "Modeling Climate Change Effects on Rice Yield and Soil Carbon Under Variable Water and Nutrient Management." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 568.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Nitrogen (N) loss caused by excessive and incorrect application of N fertilizer in traditional rice-growing agriculture contributed to rural non-point source pollution and greenhouse gas emission, reduced crop N utilization efficiency. The objective of this study is to explore the response of N loss (leaching, NH3 volatilization and N2O emission) to different biochar applications (0,20,40 t/hm2) and irrigation patterns (controlled irrigation, flooding irrigation) in paddy fields of the Taihu Lake region (TLR) with the combination of field experiments and laboratory analysis. Based on the long-term observation of rice growth period, the ammonium N (NH4+–N), nitrate N (NO3−–N) and total N (TN) leaching of paddy fields applied with water-saving irrigation (WSI) and biochar was measured in the plots of lysimeter. The impact of biochar application on NH3 volatilization, N2O emission in different water-carbon modes were clarified and the effect of water-carbon management modes on rice yield and yield components was analyzed. The results showed that the application of biochar reduced the NO3−–N and TN leaching by 29.98%–38.63% and 12.77%–13.36%, increased rice seed setting rate and actual yield by 12.15%–15.28% and 1.67%–5.54%. Biochar addition inhibited NH3 volatilization and N2O emission. Under low-volume biochar (20 t/hm2), the main form of N leaching in rice fields was NO3−–N, the NO3−–N leaching accounted for 33.67% – 50.24% of the TN leaching; under high-volume biochar (40 t/hm2), N leaching in rice field was dominated by NH4+–N, the NH4+–N leaching accounted for 16.50% – 47.47% of the TN leaching. Controlled irrigation can not only reduce the water leakage in paddy fields but also reduce the N concentration in water leakage compared with flooding irrigation so that the total leaching of NH4+–N, NO3−–N and TN in rice fields can be reduced by 23.44%, 47.89% and 50.69%. This study suggests that to make biochar beneficial for reducing environmental impacts of soil N effluxes and realizing cleaner production in rice cultivation, WSI technique and adapted use of biochar are of great importance.

ACS Style

Xi Chen; Shi-Hong Yang; Ze-Wei Jiang; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun. Biochar as a tool to reduce environmental impacts of nitrogen loss in water-saving irrigation paddy field. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 290, 125811 .

AMA Style

Xi Chen, Shi-Hong Yang, Ze-Wei Jiang, Jie Ding, Xiao Sun. Biochar as a tool to reduce environmental impacts of nitrogen loss in water-saving irrigation paddy field. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 290 ():125811.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xi Chen; Shi-Hong Yang; Ze-Wei Jiang; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun. 2021. "Biochar as a tool to reduce environmental impacts of nitrogen loss in water-saving irrigation paddy field." Journal of Cleaner Production 290, no. : 125811.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Biochar has been widely applied to paddy fields to improve soil fertility, crop productivity and carbon sequestration, thereby leading to variations in the CO2 exchange between the paddy fields under flooding irrigation and the atmosphere, as indicated by many previous reports. However, few relevant reports have focused on paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. This study conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of three biochar addition rates (0, 20 and 40 t ha−1) on the CO2 exchange between paddy fields under controlled irrigation (CI, a water-saving irrigation technique) and the atmosphere in the Taihu Lake region of Southeast China. Our results showed that biochar addition increased the paddy field ecosystem respiration (Reco) and the soil respiration rate (Rs) in the CI paddy fields. And biochar application increased the total CO2 emissions and the total soil CO2 emissions, especially at a rate of 40 t ha−1. In contrast, gross primary productivity (GPP) was decreased and the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was increased with biochar addition. However, biochar addition at a rate of 20 t ha−1 significantly increased the total CO2 absorption and the net CO2 absorption of the CI paddy fields (p < 0.05), whereas biochar addition at a rate of 40 t ha−1 had no effect on the total CO2 absorption and decreased the total net CO2 absorption. At the same time, biochar addition significantly increased soil catalase, invertase and urease activities and contributed substantially to the increase in soil invertase activity. In addition, the soil bacterial, fungal and actinomycetal abundances were evidently increased with biochar addition, of which the soil fungal abundance showed the greatest increase. A high correlation was observed between soil catalase and invertase activities and soil microbial abundance. Reco was highly correlated with air and soil temperatures and soil enzyme activity. A significant quadratic polynomial correlation was observed between GPP and leaf area index (p < 0.01). The combination of biochar addition at a rate of 20 t ha−1 and water-saving irrigation has the potential to increase the size of the carbon sink and promote soil enzyme and microbial activities in paddy field ecosystems.

ACS Style

Shihong Yang; Xiao Sun; Jie Ding; Zewei Jiang; Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu. Effect of biochar addition on CO2 exchange in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation in Southeast China. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 271, 111029 .

AMA Style

Shihong Yang, Xiao Sun, Jie Ding, Zewei Jiang, Xiaoyin Liu, Junzeng Xu. Effect of biochar addition on CO2 exchange in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation in Southeast China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 271 ():111029.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shihong Yang; Xiao Sun; Jie Ding; Zewei Jiang; Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu. 2020. "Effect of biochar addition on CO2 exchange in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation in Southeast China." Journal of Environmental Management 271, no. : 111029.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Rice water-saving irrigation technology can remarkably reduce irrigation water input and maintain high yield; however, this technology can also accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter in paddy fields. The spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) under different water-carbon regulation scenarios were analyzed on the basis of field experiments in the Taihu Lake region in China to explore the effects of biochar application on SOC and its components in water-saving irrigation paddy fields. The response of soil catalase (CAT) and invertase (INV) to biochar application in water-saving irrigated rice fields was clarified. The results showed that water-saving irrigation reduced the SOC content by 5.7% to 13.3% but increased WSOC and SMBC contents by 13.8% to 26.1% and 0.9% to 11.1%, respectively, as compared with flooding irrigation. Nonflooding management promoted the oxidative decomposition of soil organic matter. Two years after straw biochar was added, paddy soil SOC content under water-saving irrigation was increased by 4.0% to 26.7%. The WSOC and SMBC contents were also increased by 4.0% to 52.4% and 7.0% to 40.8%, respectively. The high straw biochar addition rate exhibited great impact on SOC. Remarkable correlations among SOC, WSOC, and SMBC were observed, indicating that the addition of straw biochar improved soil labile C, such as WSOC and SMBC, which promoted SOC transformation and stability in paddy soil under water-saving irrigation. Soil CAT and INV were related to SOC conversion. In conclusion, the combination of water-saving irrigation and straw biochar addition was beneficial to the improvement of soil properties and fertility of paddy fields.

ACS Style

Shihong Yang; Xi Chen; Zewei Jiang; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun; Junzeng Xu. Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Organic Carbon Composition and Enzyme Activity in Paddy Soil under Water-Saving Irrigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 333 .

AMA Style

Shihong Yang, Xi Chen, Zewei Jiang, Jie Ding, Xiao Sun, Junzeng Xu. Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Organic Carbon Composition and Enzyme Activity in Paddy Soil under Water-Saving Irrigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (1):333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shihong Yang; Xi Chen; Zewei Jiang; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun; Junzeng Xu. 2020. "Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Organic Carbon Composition and Enzyme Activity in Paddy Soil under Water-Saving Irrigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 333.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2019 in Agricultural Water Management
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The effect of controlled drainage (CD) on nitrogen (N) losses from controlled irrigation (CI) paddy fields through subsurface drainage and ammonia volatilization (AV) was investigated by managing water table control levels (WTC) with a lysimeter equipped with an automatic water table control system. Three drainage treatments were implemented, namely, controlled water table depths 1–3. The increases of the WTC resulted in a high proportion of groundwater levels below the WTC, which reduced the subsurface outflow from CI paddy fields by 30.5% during the first week after fertilization. Total N concentrations in the 0–10 cm soil solution and subsurface drain water were higher as the WTC increased. The increase of the WTC during the first week after fertilization could effectively decrease the N losses from CI paddy fields by 9.5%, and the first weekly N losses through subsurface drainage and AV after fertilization were reduced by 17.2% and 9.3%, respectively. The large reductions in subsurface outflow decreased the first weekly N losses through subsurface drainage after fertilization. The retention time of shallow water in CI paddy fields was extended with the increases in WTC, which may reduce the first weekly AV losses after fertilization. Results show that the combination of CI and CD may be an effective water management method for mitigating N losses through subsurface drainage and AV after fertilization from paddy fields.

ACS Style

Yupu He; Zhang Jianyun; Yang Shihong; Hong Dalin; Xu Junzeng. Effect of controlled drainage on nitrogen losses from controlled irrigation paddy fields through subsurface drainage and ammonia volatilization after fertilization. Agricultural Water Management 2019, 221, 231 -237.

AMA Style

Yupu He, Zhang Jianyun, Yang Shihong, Hong Dalin, Xu Junzeng. Effect of controlled drainage on nitrogen losses from controlled irrigation paddy fields through subsurface drainage and ammonia volatilization after fertilization. Agricultural Water Management. 2019; 221 ():231-237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yupu He; Zhang Jianyun; Yang Shihong; Hong Dalin; Xu Junzeng. 2019. "Effect of controlled drainage on nitrogen losses from controlled irrigation paddy fields through subsurface drainage and ammonia volatilization after fertilization." Agricultural Water Management 221, no. : 231-237.

Research article
Published: 31 January 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The addition of biochar has been reported as a strategy for improving soil fertility, crop productivity, and carbon sequestration. However, information regarding the effects of biochar on the carbon cycle in paddy fields under water-saving irrigation remains limited. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar addition on the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 and soil organic carbon (SOC) content of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation in the Taihu Lake region of China. Four treatments were applied: controlled irrigation (CI) without biochar addition as the control (CA), CI with biochar addition at a rate of 20 t·ha−1 (CB), CI with biochar addition at a rate of 40 t·ha−1 (CC), and flooding irrigation (FI) with biochar addition at a rate of 40 t·ha−1 (FC). Biochar addition increased rice yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 24.0–36.3 and 33.4–42.5%, respectively, compared with the control. In addition, biochar addition increased the NEE of CI paddy fields. The average NEE of paddy fields under CB and CC was 2.41 and 30.6% higher than that under CA, respectively. Thus, the increasing effect of biochar addition at a rate of 40 t·ha−1 was considerably better than those of the other treatments. Apart from biochar addition, irrigation mode was also identified as an influencing factor. CI management increased the NEE of paddy fields by 17.6% compared with FI management. Compared with CA, CB increased total net CO2 absorption by 10.0%, whereas CC decreased total net CO2 absorption by 13.8%. Biochar addition also increased SOC, dissolved organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon contents. Therefore, the joint regulation of biochar addition and water-saving irrigation is a good technique for maintaining rice yield, increasing IWUE, and promoting soil fertility. Furthermore, when amended at the rate of 20 t·ha−1, biochar addition will be a good strategy for sequestering carbon in paddy fields.

ACS Style

Shihong Yang; Xiao Sun; Jie Ding; Zewei Jiang; Junzeng Xu. Effects of biochar addition on the NEE and soil organic carbon content of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 8303 -8311.

AMA Style

Shihong Yang, Xiao Sun, Jie Ding, Zewei Jiang, Junzeng Xu. Effects of biochar addition on the NEE and soil organic carbon content of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (8):8303-8311.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shihong Yang; Xiao Sun; Jie Ding; Zewei Jiang; Junzeng Xu. 2019. "Effects of biochar addition on the NEE and soil organic carbon content of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 8: 8303-8311.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2019 in Atmosphere
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Surface energy distribution in paddy fields and the ratio of latent heat flux (LE) to available energy, termed as the evaporative fraction (EF), are essential for an understanding of water and energy processes. They are expected to vary in different ways in response to changes in the soil moisture condition under water-saving irrigation practice. In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variations in energy distribution were examined based on the data measured by the eddy covariance system and corrected with enforcing energy balance closure by the EF method in water-saving irrigated rice paddies in 2015 and 2016. Soil heat flux (G) values were similar in magnitude to sensible heat flux (Hs) values, with both accounting for approximately 5% of the energy input. Both magnitudes of G and Hs were significantly lower than that of LE. Generally, EF in water-saving irrigated rice paddies was larger than that of other ecosystems, and varied within a narrow range from 0.7 to 1.0. Diurnally, EF decreased till noon and then increased slowly in the afternoon till sunset. It was found be less varied between 10:00 and 14:00. Seasonally, the alternative drying-wetting soil water conditions in water-saving irrigated rice paddies resulted in a change in the variation of the EF. The LE flux is the largest component of available energy, with EF being mostly higher than 0.9. EF, increasing consistently till the tillering stage, remaining high from the late tillering to milk stage, and then following a declining trend. The maximum EF (approaching 1.0) was found in the milk stage. The results of EF in water-saving irrigated rice paddies will be helpful for estimating daily or long temporal scale evapotranspiration (ET) by the EF method based on satellite-derived ET.

ACS Style

Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu; Shihong Yang; Yuping Lv. Surface Energy Partitioning and Evaporative Fraction in a Water-Saving Irrigated Rice Field. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 51 .

AMA Style

Xiaoyin Liu, Junzeng Xu, Shihong Yang, Yuping Lv. Surface Energy Partitioning and Evaporative Fraction in a Water-Saving Irrigated Rice Field. Atmosphere. 2019; 10 (2):51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu; Shihong Yang; Yuping Lv. 2019. "Surface Energy Partitioning and Evaporative Fraction in a Water-Saving Irrigated Rice Field." Atmosphere 10, no. 2: 51.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The role of carbon pool of biochar as a method of long-term C sequestration in global warming mitigation is unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to investigate the seasonal variations of CO2 emissions from water-saving irrigation paddy fields in response to biochar amendment and irrigation patterns. Three biochar treatments under water-saving irrigation and one biochar treatment under flooding irrigation were studied, and the application rates were 0, 20, 40, and 40 t ha−1 and labeled as CI + NB (controlled irrigation and none biochar added), CI + MB (controlled irrigation and medium biochar added), CI + HB (controlled irrigation and high biochar added), and FI + HB (flood irrigation and high biochar added), respectively. Results showed that biochar application at medium rates (20 t ha−1) decreased CO2 emissions by 1.64–8.83% in rice paddy fields under water-saving irrigation, compared with the non-amendment treatment. However, the CO2 emissions from paddy fields increased by 4.39–5.43% in the CI + HB treatment, compared with CI + NB. Furthermore, the mean CO2 emissions from paddy fields under water-saving irrigation decreased by 2.22% compared with flood irrigation under the same amount of biochar application (40 t ha−1). Biochar amendment increased rice yield and water use efficiency by 9.35–36.30% and 15.1–42.5%, respectively, when combined with water-saving irrigation. The CO2 emissions were reduced in the CI + MB treatment, which then increased rice yield. The CO2 emissions from paddy fields were positively correlated with temperature. The highest value of the temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) was derived for the CI + MB treatment. The Q10 was higher under water-saving irrigation compared with flooding irrigation.

ACS Style

Shihong Yang; Zewei Jiang; Xiao Sun; Jie Ding; Junzeng Xu. Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2580 .

AMA Style

Shihong Yang, Zewei Jiang, Xiao Sun, Jie Ding, Junzeng Xu. Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (11):2580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shihong Yang; Zewei Jiang; Xiao Sun; Jie Ding; Junzeng Xu. 2018. "Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2580.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2018 in Water
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This study aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of policies and institutional arrangements on irrigation management performance. The case study, the Gezira Scheme, has witnessed a significant decrease in water management performance during recent decades. This situation led to several institutional changes in order to put the system on the right path. The main organizations involved in water management at the scheme are the Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources (MOIWR), the Sudan Gezira Board (SGB), and the Water Users Associations (WUAs). Different combinations from these organizations were founded to manage the irrigation system. The evaluation of these organizations is based on the data of water supply and cultivated areas from 1970 to 2015. The measured data were compared with two methods: the empirical water order method (Indent) that considers the design criteria of the scheme, and the Crop Water Requirement (CWR) method. Results show that the MOIWR period was the most efficient era, with an average water surplus of 12% compared with the Indent value, while the most critical period (SGB & WUAs) occurred when the water supply increased by 80%. The other periods of the Irrigation Water Corporation (IWC), (SGB & MOIWR), and (WUAs & MOIWR) had witnessed an increase in water supply by 29%, 63%, and 67% respectively. Through these institutional changes, the percentage of excessive water supply jumped from 12% to 80%. Finally, the study provides general recommendations associated with institutional arrangements and policy adoption to improve irrigation system performance.

ACS Style

Ahmed E. Elshaikh; Shi-Hong Yang; Xiyun Jiao; Mohammed M. Elbashier. Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Water 2018, 10, 1579 .

AMA Style

Ahmed E. Elshaikh, Shi-Hong Yang, Xiyun Jiao, Mohammed M. Elbashier. Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Water. 2018; 10 (11):1579.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed E. Elshaikh; Shi-Hong Yang; Xiyun Jiao; Mohammed M. Elbashier. 2018. "Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Water 10, no. 11: 1579.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Agricultural Water Management
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Various crop growth models have been developed to simulate the crop development and were used to assess the effects of climate, cultivation and irrigation methods. To evaluate the feasibility of water driven model-AquaCrop in simulating crop development, production and field water balance in paddy soil under drying – wetting cycle condition, the model was calibrated and validated based on data during 2012–2013 rice season in Eastern China. Results showed that the accuracy of this model in simulating canopy cover (CC), evapotranspiration (ET), biomass, yield were generally acceptable, with the root mean square of error (RMSE) less than 10% for CC, 1.0 mm for ET, 0.61t ha−1 for biomass and with relative deviation of 3.6% for yield. Meanwhile, AquaCrop tended to overestimate CC, biomass and yield slightly during the midseason. Yet, its performance in simulating soil moisture content was not as good as expected. It tended to underestimate soil moisture with a RMSE of 14.81%, but overestimated the water deficit coefficient (Ks). The method for Ks calculation incorporated in AquaCrop should be revised for rice under drying-wetting cycle condition.

ACS Style

Junzeng Xu; Wenhuan Bai; Yawei Li; Haiyu Wang; Shihong Yang; Zheng Wei. Modeling rice development and field water balance using AquaCrop model under drying-wetting cycle condition in eastern China. Agricultural Water Management 2018, 213, 289 -297.

AMA Style

Junzeng Xu, Wenhuan Bai, Yawei Li, Haiyu Wang, Shihong Yang, Zheng Wei. Modeling rice development and field water balance using AquaCrop model under drying-wetting cycle condition in eastern China. Agricultural Water Management. 2018; 213 ():289-297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junzeng Xu; Wenhuan Bai; Yawei Li; Haiyu Wang; Shihong Yang; Zheng Wei. 2018. "Modeling rice development and field water balance using AquaCrop model under drying-wetting cycle condition in eastern China." Agricultural Water Management 213, no. : 289-297.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Pulse diffusive nitrous oxide (N2O) emission following water application is well documented, whereas N2O emission caused by soil water-air displacement during the watering process (termed as soil degassing) has been largely overlooked. Watering-induced N2O emissions from ten different soils in China were quantified, and found to range from 74.4 ± 6.7 to 678.1 ± 36.6 μg N2O m-2 h-1 in surface watered (SW) soils, and from 45.6 ± 4.4 to 358.1 ± 23.6 μg N2O m-2 h-1 in subsurface watered (SUW) soils. These N2O fluxes were much larger than the diffusive N2O flux from the same soil either under dry (7.9%-9.6% water filled pore space, WFPS) or wet (85.1%-93.6% WFPS) conditions. The watering process (the water infiltration process upon irrigation/rainfall or the process of shallow groundwater uplifting) resulted in massive N2O emissions.

ACS Style

Junzeng Xu; Qi Wei; Shihong Yang; Linxian Liao; Zhiming Qi; Weiguang Wang. Soil degassing during watering: An overlooked soil N2O emission process. Environmental Pollution 2018, 242, 257 -263.

AMA Style

Junzeng Xu, Qi Wei, Shihong Yang, Linxian Liao, Zhiming Qi, Weiguang Wang. Soil degassing during watering: An overlooked soil N2O emission process. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 242 ():257-263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junzeng Xu; Qi Wei; Shihong Yang; Linxian Liao; Zhiming Qi; Weiguang Wang. 2018. "Soil degassing during watering: An overlooked soil N2O emission process." Environmental Pollution 242, no. : 257-263.

Research article
Published: 16 October 2018 in PLOS ONE
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Straw return (SR) and rice water-saving irrigation (WSI) affect the greenhouse gas emission of paddy fields. However, studies on CO2 exchange between paddy fields and the atmosphere with joint regulation of SR and WSI are few. We conducted a two-year field experiment to investigate the effects of SR on soil respiration and net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) in paddy fields under controlled irrigation (CI), which is a typical WSI technique. The rice yields, irrigation water use efficiency, seasonal variations in soil respiration, NEE, and soil organic carbon content were measured. Compared with the control (flooding irrigation and traditional chemical fertilizer), a significant increase in rice yield and irrigation water use efficiency in the paddy fields under CI and SR joint management (CS) was observed. CS increased the soil respiration rate during most of the rice growth stage and increased the net CO2 absorption rate before approximately 80 days after transplanting; afterward, the pattern reversed. Total CO2 emissions through soil respiration in CS paddy fields increased by 43.7% and 182% compared with the control in 2014 and 2015, respectively. However, CS also caused an increase in the total net CO2 absorption by 18.1% and 30.1% in these two years, respectively. The acceleration in the consumption and decomposition of soil organic carbon induced by frequent alternate wet-dry cycles of the CI paddy fields increased the soil respiration and decreased the net CO2 absorption. SR promoted soil respiration but also improved rice growth, increasing the net CO2 absorption. The soil organic carbon content of the CS paddy fields after harvesting increased by 23.2% compared with that before transplanting. The present study concluded that joint regulation of WSI and SR is an effective measure for maintaining yield, increasing irrigation water use efficiency, mitigating CO2 emission, and promoting paddy soil fertility.

ACS Style

Shihong Yang; Yanan Xiao; Junzeng Xu; Xiaoyin Liu. Effect of straw return on soil respiration and NEE of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0204597 .

AMA Style

Shihong Yang, Yanan Xiao, Junzeng Xu, Xiaoyin Liu. Effect of straw return on soil respiration and NEE of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (10):e0204597.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shihong Yang; Yanan Xiao; Junzeng Xu; Xiaoyin Liu. 2018. "Effect of straw return on soil respiration and NEE of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10: e0204597.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Hydrometeorology
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While vapor condensation in arid and semiarid areas has garnered much attention, such information is scarce for humid crop production areas such as rice fields. In a water-saving irrigation (WSI) rice field, high-precision weighed microlysimeters allowed the direct and independent quantification of condensation over plants (Cc) and soil (Cs) through mass balance calculations. The occurrence frequency and rate of Cc generally exceeded that of Cs. Predominantly occurring between sunset and sunrise, particularly between 0400 and 0500 local time, Cc showed an overall maximum rate of 0.096 mm h−1. In contrast, Cs was highest between 0100 and 1100 local time and showed an overall maximum rate of 0.044 mm h−1. The occurrence of Cc, unlike that of Cs, required a surface temperature lower than the ambient temperature or dewpoint. Of 65 rain-free days, Cc and Cs occurred on 60 and 33 days, respectively. Seasonal Cc, Cs, and Cc + Cs were estimated as 32.3, 3.1, and 35.4 mm, respectively, and their contributions to seasonal rice transpiration T, evaporation E, and evapotranspiration (ET) were 9.5%, 1.6%, and 6.7%, respectively. The seasonal Cc + Cs was similar in magnitude to a routine irrigation quota and accounted for 10.8% of rainfall and 14.4% of irrigation in the WSI rice field. Therefore, vapor condensation in rice fields in a subtropical monsoon climate is an important component of the hydrological cycle and cannot be ignored when tabulating the field water balance, calculating field water consumption, or in irrigation scheduling.

ACS Style

Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu; Shihong Yang; Jiangang Zhang; Yijiang Wang. Vapor Condensation in Rice Fields and Its Contribution to Crop Evapotranspiration in the Subtropical Monsoon Climate of China. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2018, 19, 1043 -1057.

AMA Style

Xiaoyin Liu, Junzeng Xu, Shihong Yang, Jiangang Zhang, Yijiang Wang. Vapor Condensation in Rice Fields and Its Contribution to Crop Evapotranspiration in the Subtropical Monsoon Climate of China. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 2018; 19 (6):1043-1057.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoyin Liu; Junzeng Xu; Shihong Yang; Jiangang Zhang; Yijiang Wang. 2018. "Vapor Condensation in Rice Fields and Its Contribution to Crop Evapotranspiration in the Subtropical Monsoon Climate of China." Journal of Hydrometeorology 19, no. 6: 1043-1057.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2018 in Sustainability
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Biochar has been proposed as a new countermeasure to mitigate climate change because of its potential in inhibiting greenhouse gas emissions from farmlands. A field experiment was conducted in Taihu Lake region in China to assess the effects of rice-straw biochar amendment on methane (CH4) emissions from paddy fields under water-saving irrigation using three treatments, namely, control with no amendment (C0), 20 t ha−1 (C20), and 40 t ha−1 rice-straw biochar amendments (C40). Results showed that biochar application significantly decreased CH4 emissions by 29.7% and 15.6% at C20 and C40 biochar addition level, respectively. C20 significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, and NH4+-N by 79.5, 24.5, and 47.7%, respectively, and decreased NO3−-N by 30.4% compared with C0. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in soil pH and soil organic carbon in all treatments. C20 and C40 significantly increased and decreased soil oxidation-reduction potential, respectively. Compared with C0, rice yield and irrigation water productivity significantly increased by 24.0% and 33.4% and 36.3% and 42.5% for C20 and C40, respectively. Thus, rice-straw biochar amendment and water-saving irrigation technology can inhibit CH4 emissions while increasing rice yield and irrigation water productivity. The effects of increasing rice yield and irrigation water productivity were more remarkable for C40, but C20 was more effective in mitigating CH4 emission.

ACS Style

Yanan Xiao; Shihong Yang; Junzeng Xu; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun; Zewei Jiang. Effect of Biochar Amendment on Methane Emissions from Paddy Field under Water-Saving Irrigation. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1371 .

AMA Style

Yanan Xiao, Shihong Yang, Junzeng Xu, Jie Ding, Xiao Sun, Zewei Jiang. Effect of Biochar Amendment on Methane Emissions from Paddy Field under Water-Saving Irrigation. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanan Xiao; Shihong Yang; Junzeng Xu; Jie Ding; Xiao Sun; Zewei Jiang. 2018. "Effect of Biochar Amendment on Methane Emissions from Paddy Field under Water-Saving Irrigation." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1371.

Research article
Published: 27 January 2018 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Quantifying carbon sequestration in paddy soil is necessary to understand the effect of agricultural practices on carbon cycles. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of organic fertilizer addition (MF) on the soil respiration and net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation (CI) in the Taihu Lake Region of China during the 2014 and 2015 rice-growing seasons. Compared with the traditional fertilizer and water management (FC), the joint regulation of CI and MF (CM) significantly increased the rice yields and irrigation water use efficiencies of paddy fields by 4.02~5.08 and 83.54~109.97% (p < 0.05). The effects of organic fertilizer addition on soil respiration and net ecosystem CO2 absorption rates showed inter-annual differences. CM paddy fields showed a higher soil respiration and net CO2 absorption rates during some periods of the rice growth stage in the first year and during most periods of the rice growth stage in the second year. These fields also had significantly higher total CO2 emission through soil respiration (total Rsoil) and total net CO2 absorption compared with FC paddy fields (p < 0.05). The total Rsoil and net ecosystem CO2 absorption of CM paddy fields were 67.39~91.55 and 129.41~113.75 mol m−2, which were 27.66~135.52 and 12.96~31.66% higher than those of FC paddy fields. The interaction between water and fertilizer management had significant effects on total net ecosystem CO2 absorption. The frequent alternate wet–dry cycles of CI paddy fields increased the soil respiration and reduced the net CO2 absorption. Organic fertilizer promoted the soil respiration of paddy soil but also increased its net CO2 absorption and organic carbon content. Therefore, the joint regulation of water-saving irrigation and organic fertilizer is an effective measure for maintaining yield, increasing irrigation water use efficiency, mitigating CO2 emission, and promoting paddy soil fertility.

ACS Style

Shihong Yang; Ya′nan Xiao; Junzeng Xu. Organic fertilizer application increases the soil respiration and net ecosystem carbon dioxide absorption of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 9958 -9968.

AMA Style

Shihong Yang, Ya′nan Xiao, Junzeng Xu. Organic fertilizer application increases the soil respiration and net ecosystem carbon dioxide absorption of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (10):9958-9968.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shihong Yang; Ya′nan Xiao; Junzeng Xu. 2018. "Organic fertilizer application increases the soil respiration and net ecosystem carbon dioxide absorption of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 10: 9958-9968.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Atmospheric Environment
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ACS Style

Qi Wei; Junzeng Xu; Shihong Yang; Linxian Liao; Guangqiu Jin; Yawei Li; Fazli Hameed. Subsurface watering resulted in reduced soil N2O and CO2 emissions and their global warming potentials than surface watering. Atmospheric Environment 2018, 173, 248 -255.

AMA Style

Qi Wei, Junzeng Xu, Shihong Yang, Linxian Liao, Guangqiu Jin, Yawei Li, Fazli Hameed. Subsurface watering resulted in reduced soil N2O and CO2 emissions and their global warming potentials than surface watering. Atmospheric Environment. 2018; 173 ():248-255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qi Wei; Junzeng Xu; Shihong Yang; Linxian Liao; Guangqiu Jin; Yawei Li; Fazli Hameed. 2018. "Subsurface watering resulted in reduced soil N2O and CO2 emissions and their global warming potentials than surface watering." Atmospheric Environment 173, no. : 248-255.