This work focused on changes in surface roughness under different cutting conditions for improving the cutting quality of beech wood during milling. A response surface methodology and an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system were adopted to model and establish the relationship between milling conditions and surface roughness. Moreover, the significant impact of each factor and two-factor interactions on surface roughness were explored by analysis of variance. The specific objective of this work was to find milling parameters for minimum surface roughness, and the optimal milling condition was determined to be a rake angle of 15°, a spindle speed of 3357 r/min and a depth of cut of 0.62 mm. These parameters are suggested to be used in actual machining of beech wood with respect of smoothness surface.

Intelligent technology has had a profound impact on working patterns and the needs of office workers. The corresponding office environments have also changed to some extent. As more and more intelligent functions are integrated, a question as to whether the intelligent office environment really meets needs of office workers needs to be considered. In this study, a methodology that is applicable to improve biophilic and intelligent designs simultaneously in office environments was developed according to the needs of office workers. The observations of office environments, interviews, and questionnaires of an office group were performed. The physical and psychological health needs of office workers, as well as the correlations between six office environmental factors and six intelligent functions were discussed using the data of 211 office workers. Then, 12 patterns of biophilic design were addressed from existing biophilic theory, and the results of a user study, as well as the corresponding design framework of intelligent office products, which are the carriers of intelligent functions, were described. The feasibility and the positive influence in the office have been illustrated through a design case and its evaluation in real office environments. This study mainly explores the design of office environments from the perspective of humans with the hope to provide helpful guidance for intelligent offices and related workspace design in the future.

With the further deepening of ageing in China, the ageing-in-place model is gaining more and more attention. In order to improve the quality of home life of the elderly, this paper takes age-friendly cabinets as the research object, from the perspective of material design, and takes the visual/tactile experience of the elderly as the entry point, classifies the current market cabinet materials, and selects the test samples. The physical properties of the samples were examined and analysed with the subjective emotional changes that the elderly experience with different cabinet materials. The objective physical properties of the cabinet materials were correlated with the visual/tactile subjective emotional factors, and through subjective tests and mathematical and statistical methods, an evaluation model of “visual/tactile subjective emotional factors—objective physical properties of materials” was established for the selection of materials in age-friendly cabinet design. It provides scientific guidance for the selection of materials in age-appropriate cabinet design.

This work investigates the relationship between the material properties of wardrobe furniture and visual and tactile emotional responses, with a focus on age-related differences in emotional experiences. This research measured material surface properties (roughness, gloss, and Lab color) and utilized the PAD (pleasure, arousal, dominance) emotion model to assess emotional responses among elderly and younger participants. (1) In the context of tactile emotional experiences, a systematic correlation was observed between surface roughness and the reported levels of pleasure, arousal, and dominance in both elderly and younger participants. Moreover, pleasure demonstrated a systematic correlation with gloss. Rough surfaces were perceived as unpleasant. The elderly participants showed greater emotional dominance when exposed to rough surfaces. (2) In terms of visual–tactile emotional experiences, a responsive relationship was found between pleasure, dominance, and the a* parameter (representing the red and green color channels) in both age groups. However, no systematic correlations were observed between luminance (L*), glossiness, and PAD emotional experiences in either group. A responsive correlation was found between pleasure, dominance, and the b* parameter (representing the yellow and blue color channels) in elderly individuals. Notably, a significant correlation was observed between arousal and roughness in younger individuals. These findings suggest a partial difference in emotional responses across the PAD dimensions between elderly and younger participants.

In age-friendly furniture design, the visual characteristics of material surfaces play a crucial role in shaping the usage experience and preferences of elderly users. In response to the application requirements of decorative materials for furniture surfaces, this study focuses on polypropylene (PP) films, with the objective of investigating the visual perceptual preferences of elderly users concerning the surface color and glossiness attributes of these films. An eye-tracking experiment was initially conducted to identify color preferences among elderly participants, utilizing indicators including first fixation duration, total fixation duration, and total fixation count. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey was administered to assess user satisfaction with PP films featuring different glossiness levels—high-glossiness, semi-glossiness, and matte—and explored whether glossiness significantly influences color preference. The experimental results revealed the following: (1) red hues exhibited stronger initial visual attraction, while colors with low saturation and medium-to-high lightness sustained longer visual engagement; (2) the matte finishes received significantly higher satisfaction ratings than both semi-glossiness and high-glossiness finishes, with this preference remaining consistent across different color conditions; (3) glossiness does not exert a significant influence on color preference. The findings of this study provide consumer-oriented insights for the design of PP films that better accommodate the preferences of elderly users, while also offering guidance for the application and optimization of green and safe furniture materials.