Deoxynivalenol (DON), the mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum and found in contaminated cereal-based foodstuff, has been consistently detected in body fluids in adults. Available data in children and adolescents are scarce. This study assessed urinary DON concentrations in children aged 3–9 years (n = 40) and adolescents aged 10–17 years (n = 39) in the UK. Morning urine samples were collected over two consecutive days and analysed for free DON (un-metabolised form), DON-glucuronides (DON-GlcA), deepoxy deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), and total DON (sum of free DON, DON-GlcA, and DOM-1). Total DON was detected in the urine of >95% of children and adolescents on both days. Mean total DON concentrations (ng/mg creatinine) were 41.6 and 21.0 for children and adolescents, respectively. The greatest total DON levels were obtained in female children on both days (214 and 219 ng/mg creatinine on days 1 and 2, respectively). Free DON and DON-GlcA were detected in most urine specimens, whereas DOM-1 was not present in any sample. Estimation of dietary DON exposure suggested that 33–63% of children and 5–46% of adolescents exceeded current guidance regarding the maximum provisional tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for DON. Although moderate mean urinary DON concentrations were shown, the high detection frequency of urinary DON, the maximum biomarker concentrations, and estimated dietary DON exposure are concerning.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is produced by Fusarium graminearum and is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes. Vegetarians are alleged to be a high-risk group for DON exposure due to high intakes of cereals susceptible to the growth of the mycotoxin. This study provides the levels of DON and de-epoxi Deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in urine analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in UK vegetarians. Over two consecutive days, morning urine samples were collected from 32 vegetarians and 31 UK adult volunteers, and associated food consumption 24 h prior to the sample was recorded. Statistically significant differences between the weight of the UK adults and vegetarians (t = 3.15. df = 61, p ≤ 0.005 two-tailed) were observed. The mean levels of DON in urine for adults on day 1 was 3.05 ng free DON/mg creatinine, and on day 2 was 2.98 ng free DON/mg creatinine. Even though high mean levels were observed, most adults were within the tolerable daily intake. However, for vegetarians, the mean level of urinary DON on day 1 was 6.69 ng free DON/mg creatinine, and on day 2 was 3.42 ng free DON/mg creatinine. These levels equate to up to 32% of vegetarians exceeding recommended tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of exposure (1 µg/kg b.w./day).

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes, produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum. Little is known about the effect of DON exposure or the levels of DON exposure that occur during pregnancy. The project aimed to provide data on levels of total DON and de-epoxi Deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in pregnant human urine samples analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Morning urine samples were collected over two consecutive days from 42 volunteers and associated food consumption was recorded for the 24 h prior to the sample. Spearman’s rho non-parametric test for correlation was used to assess the data. Levels of DON did not differ significantly between day 1 (mean 29.7 ng/mL urine or 40.1 ng DON/mg creatinine) and day 2 (mean 28.7 ng/mL urine or 38.8 ng DON/mg creatinine ng/mL/day) urine samples. The only significant positive correlation was found between total ng DON/mg creatinine and parity (rho = 0.307, n = 42, p < 0.005 two-tailed) and total ng DON/mg creatinine with baked goods on day 1 (rho = 0.532, n = 42, p < 0.0005 two-tailed). This study provides data on the DON levels in pregnancy in this suburban population and reassurance that those levels are within acceptable limits.

Hainan is a tropical island in China with a large migratory population. Study have reported that the blood pressure of Hainan elderly hypertensive migratory population decreased significantly, which may be related to the improvement of environment and quality of life (QoL). Understanding the changes of QoL of these people before and after coming to Hainan and its influencing factors can provide a basis for the prevention and control of hypertension. A cross-sectional study of elderly hypertensive migratory population were conducted in Chengmai Mangrove Bay community of Hainan from December 2021 to January 2022. Convenience sampling was used to recruit elderly hypertensive migratory individuals reside stay of longer than one month. After obtaining informed consent, we investigated the demographic characteristics of the participants and evaluated their QoL with the SF-36 twice; one round of the SF-36 was about their hometown, and the other round was about living in Hainan for 1 month. The Cronbach’s α coefficient and KMO value of SF-36 were both greater than 0.8, indicating good reliability and validity. The difference in blood pressure between that observed in Hainan and that observed in their hometowns was used to determine whether the Body Pain change in the subjects decreased or did not decrease after migrating to Hainan. Univariate analysis was performed via paired t tests and Kendall’s tau-b tests, and multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the factors influencing the QoL of the participants. A total of 305 hypertensive migratory individuals participated in this study. Among them, there were 148 males (48.52%) and 157 females (51.48%), with a mean age of 68.61 ± 9.39 years. The postmigration scores for the 8 subscales of QoL, the global score, the Physical Component Score, and the Mental Component Score were all higher than the scores for their hometowns (P < 0.05). Factors such as gender (r = 0.139, P < 0.05), age (r = 0.209, P < 0.05), and level of education (r=-0.133, P < 0.05) were associated with changes in the QoL of the participants. The conditions of green and water spaces in their hometown, sleep habits in their hometown and ventilation habits in their hometown were the major factors influencing the subjects’ QoL in their hometown (P < 0.05). The factors that influenced the improvement in the subjects’ QoL in Hainan included hypertension classification (OR = 2.336, 95% CI: 1.125 ∼ 4.853, P = 0.023) and BMI (OR = 6.402, 95% CI: 1.009 ∼ 40.624, P = 0.049). The QoL of hypertensive migratory population in Hainan improved with respect to individual health, physiological function, psychological function and social function. The lower the hypertension classification and BMI are, the greater the improvement in the QoL of hypertensive migratory population.