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Ran Zhang
Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development, Beijing 100044, China

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Review
Published: 20 August 2021 in Molecules
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Transforming waste biomass materials into bio-oils in order to partially substitute petroleum asphalt can reduce environmental pollution and fossil energy consumption and has economic benefits. The characteristics of bio-oils and their utilization as additives of asphalts are the focus of this review. First, physicochemical properties of various bio-oils are characterized. Then, conventional, rheological, and chemical properties of bio-oil modified asphalt binders are synthetically reviewed, as well as road performance of bio-oil modified asphalt mixtures. Finally, performance optimization is discussed for bio-asphalt binders and mixtures. This review indicates that bio-oils are highly complex materials that contain various compounds. Moreover, bio-oils are source-depending materials for which its properties vary with different sources. Most bio-oils have a favorable stimulus upon the low temperature performance of asphalt binders and mixtures but exhibit a negative impact on their high-temperature performance. Moreover, a large amount of oxygen element, oxygen-comprising functional groups, and light components in plant-based bio-oils result in higher sensitivity to ageing of bio-oil modified asphalts. In order to increase the performance of bio-asphalts, most research has been limited to adding additive agents to bio-asphalts; therefore, more reasonable optimization methods need to be proposed. Furthermore, upcoming exploration is also needed to identify reasonable evaluation indicators of bio-oils, modification mechanisms of bio-asphalts, and long-term performance tracking in field applications of bio-asphalts during pavement service life.

ACS Style

Ran Zhang; Zhanping You; Jie Ji; Qingwen Shi; Zhi Suo. A Review of Characteristics of Bio-Oils and Their Utilization as Additives of Asphalts. Molecules 2021, 26, 5049 .

AMA Style

Ran Zhang, Zhanping You, Jie Ji, Qingwen Shi, Zhi Suo. A Review of Characteristics of Bio-Oils and Their Utilization as Additives of Asphalts. Molecules. 2021; 26 (16):5049.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ran Zhang; Zhanping You; Jie Ji; Qingwen Shi; Zhi Suo. 2021. "A Review of Characteristics of Bio-Oils and Their Utilization as Additives of Asphalts." Molecules 26, no. 16: 5049.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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As an environmentally friendly material, bio-oil is employed to partially replace non-renewable petroleum asphalt, but its addition weakens the high-temperature non-deformability of petroleum asphalt. Therefore, the 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was employed as a chemical modifier of bio-asphalt to improve its high temperature rheological properties. The MDI with addition of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% by weight, and the bio-oil with addition of 12% were used to obtain the MDI modified bio-asphalts. The chemical reaction mechanism between the MDI and bio-asphalt was analyzed by employing the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) tests. Meanwhile, the rotational plate viscosity (RPV) test, the temperature sweep test, and the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test were employed to evaluate the high-temperature rheological properties of the MDI modified bio-asphalts. Moreover, the relationships between the chemical reaction mechanism and high-temperature rheological parameters of MDI modified bio-asphalt were established. Test results show that a nucleophilic addition reaction occurred between the MDI and the active hydrogen of bio-asphalt to form urethane chains, which increased the content of macromolecular polymers in the bio-asphalt. The MDI increased the G*/sinδ (rutting factor) and the E(η) (visco-flow activation energy) of the bio-asphalt, but decreased its permanent strain and Jnr (non-recoverable creep compliance). Therefore, the MDI modifier effectively enhanced the permanent non-deformability of the bio-asphalt. Both IUrethane and LMS were positively correlated with the rutting factor, viscosity and 1/Jnr, and had significant correlations at a significance level of 0.05. Furthermore, the optimal ratio of MDI to bio-oil was determined to be 1:6 by mass.

ACS Style

Linlong Shao; Hainian Wang; Ran Zhang; Wenhua Zheng; Nabil Hossiney; Chunying Wu. Analysis of the chemical properties and high-temperature rheological properties of MDI modified bio-asphalt. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 267, 121044 .

AMA Style

Linlong Shao, Hainian Wang, Ran Zhang, Wenhua Zheng, Nabil Hossiney, Chunying Wu. Analysis of the chemical properties and high-temperature rheological properties of MDI modified bio-asphalt. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 267 ():121044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linlong Shao; Hainian Wang; Ran Zhang; Wenhua Zheng; Nabil Hossiney; Chunying Wu. 2020. "Analysis of the chemical properties and high-temperature rheological properties of MDI modified bio-asphalt." Construction and Building Materials 267, no. : 121044.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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This research aims to investigate the rutting resistance of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue (DCLR) modified asphalt mixture under variable loads over a wide temperature range. The SK-90 asphalt mixture and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) modified asphalt mixture were selected as comparisons. The rutting resistance of these three mixtures was studied by the rutting test with temperature of 30–70 °C under variable loads of 0.7–1.0 MPa. Meanwhile, the double factor variance analysis was performed to study the effect of temperature and load on the rutting resistance of mixtures, and the radar analysis was applied for comprehensive evaluation on the rutting resistance as well. The results demonstrate that the rutting resistance of mixtures presents a negative linear correlation with the load or the temperature. Comparing load, the temperature shows a more significant influence on the resistance to rutting of mixtures. Under the coupling effect of temperature and load, the DCLR modified asphalt mixture had higher values of Va, Vb, WL and WT than the other two mixtures. Therefore, among these three mixtures, the DCLR modified asphalt mixture owns the best stable rutting resistance, which gives the least sensitivity and dependence on the temperature and load.

ACS Style

Ji Jie; Wang Zhe; Zhang Ran; Wei Jianming; Suo Zhi; You Zhanping; Hu Junpeng. Rutting resistance of direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) modified asphalt mixture under variable loads over a wide temperature range. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 257, 119489 .

AMA Style

Ji Jie, Wang Zhe, Zhang Ran, Wei Jianming, Suo Zhi, You Zhanping, Hu Junpeng. Rutting resistance of direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) modified asphalt mixture under variable loads over a wide temperature range. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 257 ():119489.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji Jie; Wang Zhe; Zhang Ran; Wei Jianming; Suo Zhi; You Zhanping; Hu Junpeng. 2020. "Rutting resistance of direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) modified asphalt mixture under variable loads over a wide temperature range." Construction and Building Materials 257, no. : 119489.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2019 in Construction and Building Materials
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The objective of this study is to investigate the micro-mechanical characteristics of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) pavement structure under loads. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) was employed in this study to build the models for HMAC pavement and conventional asphalt pavement structures. The laboratory tests and DEM simulations of uniaxial compression tests were conducted on the materials of HMAC pavement structure layers. To simulate the mechanical behavior of the asphalt mixture, micro-parameters were adjusted to fit with the strain–stress curve results from lab-test. The displacement and stress distribution in vertical and horizontal directions, and the shear stress in the horizontal direction were analyzed for the HMAC pavement and conventional asphalt pavement. The results showed that the maximum vertical displacement of HMAC pavement (0.25–0.293 mm) was less than that of the conventional asphalt pavement (0.3–0.324 mm). The application of HMAC decreased the vertical stress in all structural layers except the upper surface layer. The HMAC decreased the horizontal stress in the subbase layer. Though the HMAC pavement had a slightly greater horizontal shear stress in the upper and middle surface layers than the conventional asphalt pavement, its shear resistance was. Therefore, the results indicated HMAC layer can enhance the resistance to deformation and reduce the rutting potential in asphalt pavement.

ACS Style

Chundi Si; Xiaodong Zhou; Zhanping You; Ying He; Enli Chen; Ran Zhang. Micro-mechanical analysis of high modulus asphalt concrete pavement. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 220, 128 -141.

AMA Style

Chundi Si, Xiaodong Zhou, Zhanping You, Ying He, Enli Chen, Ran Zhang. Micro-mechanical analysis of high modulus asphalt concrete pavement. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 220 ():128-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chundi Si; Xiaodong Zhou; Zhanping You; Ying He; Enli Chen; Ran Zhang. 2019. "Micro-mechanical analysis of high modulus asphalt concrete pavement." Construction and Building Materials 220, no. : 128-141.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2019 in Construction and Building Materials
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The objective of this study is to characterize the foamed asphalt binders prepared using different combinations of physical and chemical foaming agents. The foamed asphalt binders were investigated using the Rotational Viscosity (RV), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and expansion ratio tests. Asphalt binders were also evaluated after short-term and long-term aging conditions. During the asphalt binder’s foaming process, the preheated binder was formerly foamed using a physical foaming agent (either water or ethanol), followed by the addition of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to improve the bubbling and the stability of the foam. Theoretically, through this process, numerous bubbles are generated by the vaporized ethanol or water, and the gases are released by NaHCO3, which significantly increases the volume of foamed asphalt. All foamed asphalt binders were produced at the same temperature, 100 °C, to diminish the inconsistency of binder-aging conditions during the preheating process. Overall, the results indicated that ethanol has better characteristics in lowering the viscosity of asphalt binders at low temperatures and is expelled from the asphalt binder after continuous heating at temperatures higher than its boiling point (78 °C). Although the addition of NaHCO3 has slightly increased the foamed binder viscosity that may affect its workability, it substantially lowers the volatile loss of foamed binders, as well as significantly improves the expansion ratio and the resistance to rutting.

ACS Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Zhanping You; Huiming Yin; Lingyun You; Ran Zhang. Characterizations of foamed asphalt binders prepared using combinations of physical and chemical foaming agents. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 204, 94 -104.

AMA Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Zhanping You, Huiming Yin, Lingyun You, Ran Zhang. Characterizations of foamed asphalt binders prepared using combinations of physical and chemical foaming agents. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 204 ():94-104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Zhanping You; Huiming Yin; Lingyun You; Ran Zhang. 2019. "Characterizations of foamed asphalt binders prepared using combinations of physical and chemical foaming agents." Construction and Building Materials 204, no. : 94-104.

Journal article
Published: 19 December 2018 in Applied Sciences
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In order to systematically study the rutting resistance performance of High-Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) pavements, a finite element method model of HMAC pavement was established using ABAQUS software. Based on the viscoelasticity theory of asphalt, the stress and deformation distribution characteristics of HMAC pavement were studied and compared to conventional asphalt pavement under moving loads. Then, the pavement temperature field model was established to study the temperature variation and the thermal stress in HMAC pavement. Finally, under the condition of continuous temperature variation, the creep behavior and permanent deformation of HMAC pavement were investigated. The results showed that under the action of moving loads, the strain and displacement generated in HMAC pavement were lower than those in conventional asphalt pavement. The upper surface layer was most obviously affected by outside air temperature, resulting in maximum thermal stress. Lastly, under the condition of continuous temperature change, HMAC pavement could greatly reduce the deformation of asphalt material in each surface layer compared to conventional asphalt pavement.

ACS Style

Chundi Si; Hang Cao; Enli Chen; Zhanping You; Ruilan Tian; Ran Zhang; Junfeng Gao. Dynamic Response Analysis of Rutting Resistance Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Pavement. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 2701 .

AMA Style

Chundi Si, Hang Cao, Enli Chen, Zhanping You, Ruilan Tian, Ran Zhang, Junfeng Gao. Dynamic Response Analysis of Rutting Resistance Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Pavement. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (12):2701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chundi Si; Hang Cao; Enli Chen; Zhanping You; Ruilan Tian; Ran Zhang; Junfeng Gao. 2018. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Rutting Resistance Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Pavement." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12: 2701.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Recycling technology has been widely applied on road pavement due to the aging problem of asphalt binder and the extensive requirement for maintenance. The aim of this research is to use bio-oil generated from sawdust as a rejuvenator to recycle aged asphalt. In this research, the performance graded asphalts PG 58-28 and PG 64-22 were selected as the base binders. The bio-oil contents were 10%, 15% and 20% of the total binder by weight. The Rotational Viscometer (RV) test, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test, and Asphalt Binder Cracking Device (ABCD) test were applied to characterize the properties of bio-rejuvenated asphalts and virgin control asphalts. Additionally, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test was conducted to characterize the degree of restoration of aged asphalt binders from the aspect of functional groups. It was found that the bio-rejuvenator decreases the viscosity and activation energy, while increasing the temperature susceptibility and the content of viscous components of the aged asphalts. The aged asphalt can be softened by the bio-rejuvenator significantly; with the use of bio-rejuvenator, the rutting index of aged asphalts PAV PG 58-28 and PAV PG 64-22 at high temperatures from 52 °C to 76 °C was decreased by 75.5% and 77.2% in average, respectively. The bio-oil can restore the low temperature crack resistance of aged asphalts PAV PG 58-28 and PAV PG 64-22 to, or even better than, the level of virgin asphalts. The sulfoxide (SO) index and aromatic (CC) index can be used to evaluate the degree of restoration using bio-rejuvenator to recycle aged asphalt, but carbonyl (CO) is not applicable. Therefore, the bio-oil generated from sawdust can be used as a rejuvenator to recycle the aged asphalts PAV PG 58-28 and PAV PG 64-22. Moreover, the bio-rejuvenator contents of 15% and 20% are recommended to recycle the aged asphalt PAV PG 58-28 and aged asphalt PAV PG 64-22, respectively.

ACS Style

Ran Zhang; Zhanping You; Hainian Wang; Mingxiao Ye; Yoke Khin Yap; Chundi Si. The impact of bio-oil as rejuvenator for aged asphalt binder. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 196, 134 -143.

AMA Style

Ran Zhang, Zhanping You, Hainian Wang, Mingxiao Ye, Yoke Khin Yap, Chundi Si. The impact of bio-oil as rejuvenator for aged asphalt binder. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 196 ():134-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ran Zhang; Zhanping You; Hainian Wang; Mingxiao Ye; Yoke Khin Yap; Chundi Si. 2018. "The impact of bio-oil as rejuvenator for aged asphalt binder." Construction and Building Materials 196, no. : 134-143.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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The foaming techniques implemented in Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) have been highly recognized to aid in the production of eco-friendly asphalt mixtures. However, to a certain extent, the application of this technology is limited by its defects in moisture sensitivity and rutting resistance. Prior to this, the WMA mixtures were prepared using ethanol and ethanol-NaHCO3 foamed binders and were tested to evaluate their moisture susceptibility, rutting potential, crack resistance and thermal cracking potential. The mixture samples were prepared based on the mixture design for a 9.5 mm nominal maximum aggregate size. The designed traffic level was less than 3 million Equivalent Single-Axle Loads (ESALs). Nano-hydrated lime was incorporated during the preparation of the sample as a filler material. The foamed WMA mixtures were prepared at three different temperatures: 80 °C, 100 °C and 120 °C; meanwhile, the control Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) sample was prepared at 155 °C and 145 °C. For the purpose of incorporating the temperature losses during the foaming process, the foamed binders were produced at a temperature higher than the production temperatures by approximately 20 °C. Overall, the results show that 1% and 3% ethanol-foamed WMA mixtures are found to have a comparable or better performance than the control HMA mixture, especially for the samples prepared at 120 °C. The addition of nano-hydrated lime contributed to the increase on the adhesive and cohesive characteristic of mixtures; hence, improving the resistance to moisture damage. Regardless of the contents of the foaming agent and production temperatures, most of the foamed WMA mixtures prepared using a combination of foaming agents have comparable thermal cracking characteristics as the control HMA mixture. The resistance to rutting of foamed WMA mixtures increased with the increase in the production temperatures. The sample prepared at 120 °C is found to have much lower or comparable rut depths to the control HMA mixture. However, the combination of ethanol with 1% NaHCO3 was optimal for these foamed WMA mixtures prepared at 80 °C to obtain a good long-term performance.

ACS Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Zhanping You; Lingyun You; Ran Zhang. Performance of ethanol and ethanol-NaHCO3 based foamed WMA mixtures for low emission asphalt technology. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 192, 9 -19.

AMA Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Zhanping You, Lingyun You, Ran Zhang. Performance of ethanol and ethanol-NaHCO3 based foamed WMA mixtures for low emission asphalt technology. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 192 ():9-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Zhanping You; Lingyun You; Ran Zhang. 2018. "Performance of ethanol and ethanol-NaHCO3 based foamed WMA mixtures for low emission asphalt technology." Construction and Building Materials 192, no. : 9-19.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2018 in Applied Sciences
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To improve the performance of petroleum asphalt, bio-char was used as a modifier for a petroleum asphalt binder, in this study. The rheological properties of bio-char modified asphalt binders were compared with different particle sizes and contents, with one control and one flake graphite modified asphalt binder. Specifically, the bio-char modifiers with two particle sizes (ranging from 75 μm–150 μm and less than 75 μm) and three contents of 2%, 4%, and 8% were added into the asphalt binder. A flake graphite powder with particle sizes less than 75 μm was used as a comparison modifier. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image showed the porous structure and rough surface of bio-char as well as dense structure and smooth surface of flake graphite. A Rotational Viscosity (RV) test, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test, aging test, and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test were performed to evaluate the properties of bio-char modified asphalt in this study. Both modifiers could improve the rotational viscosities of the asphalt binders. The porous structure and rough surface of bio-char lead to larger adhesion interaction in asphalt binder than the smooth flake graphite. As a result, the bio-char modified asphalts had better high-temperature rutting resistance and anti-aging properties than the graphite modified asphalt, especially for the binders with the smaller-sized and higher content of bio-char particles. Furthermore, the asphalt binder modified by the bio-char with sizes less than 75 μm and about 4% content could also achieve a better low-temperature crack resistance, in comparison to other modified asphalt binders. Thus, this type of bio-char particles is recommended as a favorable modifier for asphalt binder.

ACS Style

Ran Zhang; Qingli Dai; Zhanping You; Hainian Wang; Chao Peng. Rheological Performance of Bio-Char Modified Asphalt with Different Particle Sizes. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1665 .

AMA Style

Ran Zhang, Qingli Dai, Zhanping You, Hainian Wang, Chao Peng. Rheological Performance of Bio-Char Modified Asphalt with Different Particle Sizes. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (9):1665.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ran Zhang; Qingli Dai; Zhanping You; Hainian Wang; Chao Peng. 2018. "Rheological Performance of Bio-Char Modified Asphalt with Different Particle Sizes." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9: 1665.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using bio-oil derived from waste wood as a rejuvenator to recycle aged asphalt binders. In this study, petroleum asphalt of PG58-28 was selected as the base binder. The bio-oil rejuvenators with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20% by weight were added into the Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) aged base binder to prepare the bio-rejuvenated asphalts. Through the chemical compounds analysis of the bio-oil using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS) test, it can be found that the bio-oil derived from waste wood contains a high content of light compounds, including phenol, naphthalene, diethyl phthalate and so on. The rheological properties of bio-rejuvenated asphalts were evaluated and compared with the virgin and aged asphalts by Rotational Viscometer (RV), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) tests. The bio-rejuvenator can increase the viscous components and alleviate the stiffness of the aged asphalt binder. The high content of light compounds in the bio-oil balanced the chemical compounds of the aged asphalt. As a result, the rutting resistance and fatigue resistance of the aged asphalt binder were restored by the bio-oil significantly. The low temperature crack resistance of aged asphalt binder can be restored to approximately to that of the PG 58-28 by the bio-rejuvenator with the concentration of 15% and 20%. The bio-oil concentration had less impact on the rheological properties of bio-rejuvenated asphalts when the bio-oil concentration was higher than 15%. Therefore, the bio-oil with a concentration of 15% was recommended to rejuvenate the aged asphalt binder to be reused in the construction of pavement.

ACS Style

Ran Zhang; Zhanping You; Hainian Wang; Xi Chen; Chundi Si; Chao Peng. Using bio-based rejuvenator derived from waste wood to recycle old asphalt. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 189, 568 -575.

AMA Style

Ran Zhang, Zhanping You, Hainian Wang, Xi Chen, Chundi Si, Chao Peng. Using bio-based rejuvenator derived from waste wood to recycle old asphalt. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 189 ():568-575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ran Zhang; Zhanping You; Hainian Wang; Xi Chen; Chundi Si; Chao Peng. 2018. "Using bio-based rejuvenator derived from waste wood to recycle old asphalt." Construction and Building Materials 189, no. : 568-575.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2018 in Applied Sciences
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This study was initiated to evaluate the performance of asphalt binders and mixtures incorporating linear low-density polyethylene- calcium carbonate (LLDPE-CaCO3) pellet, either with or without titanate coupling agent. The detailed manufacturing process of modifier pellets was displayed. The coupling agent was used to enhance the cross-linking between materials by means of winding up covalent bonds or molecule chains, thus improving the performance of composites. In the preparation of modified bitumen, the preheated asphalt binder was mixed with the modifiers using a high shear mixer at 5000 rpm rotational speed for 45 min. Experimental works were conducted to evaluate the performance of asphalt binders in terms of volatile loss, viscosity, rutting potential, and low temperature cracking. Meanwhile, the asphalt mixtures were tested using the flow number test and tensile strength ratio (TSR) test. The addition of LLDPE-CaCO3 modifiers and coupling agent does not significantly affect the volatile loss of modified asphalt binders. The addition of modifiers and coupling agent has significantly improved the resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt binders. Even though, the addition of LLDPE-CaCO3 modifier and coupling agent remarkably increased the mixture stiffness that contributed to lower rutting potential, the resistance to low temperature cracking of asphalt binder was not adversely affected. The combination of 1% coupling agent with 3% PECC is optimum dosage for asphalt binder to have satisfactory performance in resistance to moisture damage and rutting.

ACS Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Zhanping You; Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar; Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid; Nurul Hidayah Mohd Kamaruddin; Dongdong Ge; Ran Zhang. Effects of Titanate Coupling Agent on Engineering Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures Incorporating LLDPE-CaCO3 Pellet. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1029 .

AMA Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Zhanping You, Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar, Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid, Nurul Hidayah Mohd Kamaruddin, Dongdong Ge, Ran Zhang. Effects of Titanate Coupling Agent on Engineering Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures Incorporating LLDPE-CaCO3 Pellet. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (7):1029.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan; Zhanping You; Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar; Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid; Nurul Hidayah Mohd Kamaruddin; Dongdong Ge; Ran Zhang. 2018. "Effects of Titanate Coupling Agent on Engineering Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures Incorporating LLDPE-CaCO3 Pellet." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7: 1029.