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The provision of convenient, safe and seamless facilities for cyclists is one core success factor in promoting cycling as a mode of transport. Cycling infrastructures and planning philosophies differ greatly between countries, but there is no systematic overview or comparison of similarities and dissimilarities. The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth international overview of guidance material for cycling facilities in European countries and to develop recommendations for advancing provisions for cyclists. International guidance materials for cycling facilities along street sections are collated, systemised and compared. For researchers, the findings provide background information to better understand cycling behaviour and safety. For planners, the findings support their efforts to support cycling and to improve guidance materials. The results show that, in general, countries that are just beginning to promote cycling tend to offer a greater variety of cycling infrastructures in their guidance materials than more mature cycling countries. Countries differ in whether they prefer to put cyclists on the street level or on the sidewalk and whether they mix cyclists with other user groups in the same space. There was even greater variability among countries in the criteria for selecting types of cycling facilities than in the design characteristics (width, buffer zones, etc.).
Bettina Schröter; Sebastian Hantschel; Caroline Koszowski; Ralph Buehler; Paul Schepers; Johannes Weber; Rico Wittwer; Regine Gerike. Guidance and Practice in Planning Cycling Facilities in Europe—An Overview. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9560 .
AMA StyleBettina Schröter, Sebastian Hantschel, Caroline Koszowski, Ralph Buehler, Paul Schepers, Johannes Weber, Rico Wittwer, Regine Gerike. Guidance and Practice in Planning Cycling Facilities in Europe—An Overview. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9560.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBettina Schröter; Sebastian Hantschel; Caroline Koszowski; Ralph Buehler; Paul Schepers; Johannes Weber; Rico Wittwer; Regine Gerike. 2021. "Guidance and Practice in Planning Cycling Facilities in Europe—An Overview." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9560.
Pedestrian facilities have been regarded in urban street design as “leftover spaces” for years, but, currently, there is a growing interest in walking and improving the quality of street environments. Designing pedestrian facilities presents the challenge of simultaneously accommodating (1) pedestrians who want to move safely and comfortably from point A to B (movement function); as well as (2) users who wish to rest, communicate, shop, eat, and enjoy life in a pleasant environment (place function). The aims of this study are to provide an overview of how the task of designing pedestrian facilities is addressed in international guidance material for urban street design, to compare this with scientific evidence on determinants of pedestrian activities, and to finally develop recommendations for advancing provisions for pedestrians. The results show that urban street design guidance is well advanced in measuring space requirements for known volumes of moving pedestrians, but less in planning pleasant street environments that encourage pedestrian movement and place activities. A stronger linkage to scientific evidence could improve guidance materials and better support urban street designers in their ambition to provide safe, comfortable and attractive street spaces that invite people to walk and to stay.
Regine Gerike; Caroline Koszowski; Bettina Schröter; Ralph Buehler; Paul Schepers; Johannes Weber; Rico Wittwer; Peter Jones. Built Environment Determinants of Pedestrian Activities and Their Consideration in Urban Street Design. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9362 .
AMA StyleRegine Gerike, Caroline Koszowski, Bettina Schröter, Ralph Buehler, Paul Schepers, Johannes Weber, Rico Wittwer, Peter Jones. Built Environment Determinants of Pedestrian Activities and Their Consideration in Urban Street Design. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRegine Gerike; Caroline Koszowski; Bettina Schröter; Ralph Buehler; Paul Schepers; Johannes Weber; Rico Wittwer; Peter Jones. 2021. "Built Environment Determinants of Pedestrian Activities and Their Consideration in Urban Street Design." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9362.
We use state-of-the art estimation approaches to obtain mode-specific values of travel time savings (VTTS) based on pooled RP/SP travel choice data of Zurich workers. Unlike the large majority of time valuation studies, we also have data on the respondents’ time-use and expenditure allocation, which enables us to estimate their value of leisure (VoL),i.e. the opportunity value of liberated time when the duration of a committed activity, such as travel, is reduced. We use the estimates of the VoL and the VTTS to derive the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT) – the monetary value of the direct (dis-)utility derived from the conditions experienced while traveling. Linking the VTTS and VoL at the individual-level allows for a detailed analysis of VTAT distributions. We obtain median VTTS for car and motorbike (MIV) of 30.6 CHF/h, carpooling (CP) of 27.7 CHF/h, carsharing (CS) of 26.7 CHF/h, walk of 26.7 CHF/h, bike of 18.2 CHF/h and public transportation (PT) of 14.8 CHF/h. The median VoL amounts to 25.2 CHF/h. We find that MIV, CS and CP perform worst in terms of VTAT (as indicated by values smaller than zero), showing that the perceived travel comfort all in car modes (private, shared and pooled) is substantially lower than for PT and bike, where the VTAT are greater than zero. From a transportation policy perspective, our results suggest that travel comfort matters greatly and investing in the quality of travel should therefore obtain more attention. However, from a PT operator’s point of view, our results indicate that in the case of Zurich, investing in faster connections may exhibit a higher marginal impact on user benefits, since the VoL is relatively high, while travel comfort is perceived as high already.
Basil Schmid; Joseph Molloy; Stefanie Peer; Simona Jokubauskaite; Florian Aschauer; Reinhard Hössinger; Regine Gerike; Sergio R. Jara-Diaz; Kay W. Axhausen. The value of travel time savings and the value of leisure in Zurich: Estimation, decomposition and policy implications. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2021, 150, 186 -215.
AMA StyleBasil Schmid, Joseph Molloy, Stefanie Peer, Simona Jokubauskaite, Florian Aschauer, Reinhard Hössinger, Regine Gerike, Sergio R. Jara-Diaz, Kay W. Axhausen. The value of travel time savings and the value of leisure in Zurich: Estimation, decomposition and policy implications. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2021; 150 ():186-215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBasil Schmid; Joseph Molloy; Stefanie Peer; Simona Jokubauskaite; Florian Aschauer; Reinhard Hössinger; Regine Gerike; Sergio R. Jara-Diaz; Kay W. Axhausen. 2021. "The value of travel time savings and the value of leisure in Zurich: Estimation, decomposition and policy implications." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 150, no. : 186-215.
In the last few years, there has been a strong increase in the interest in and usage of so-called “Personal e-Transporters” (PeTs), also referred to as micro-mobility devices. Empirical research on the usage of PeTs as a transport mode is virtually non-existent, especially within Europe. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating people’s motivations and barriers to the use of PeTs. To this end, a behavioural survey was conducted in nine European cities. A representative sample of approximately 250 respondents per city was collected, resulting in a dataset, after data cleaning, of 2159 observations. Generally, respondents’ perceptions of PeTs are not (yet) very favourable. Respondents’ perceptions related to cost and safety received the lowest scores. The results from the transtheoretical model of behavioural change show that a variety of factors influence the stage of behavioural change in which the respondents can be situated. These factors include cycling norms, current walking behaviour, walking attitudes, pro-environmental orientation, gender, PeTs possession, cycling obstacles and subscription to a bicycle sharing service. An important strength of this study lies in the international nature and the size of the data collection, ensuring the reliability and transferability of the results to other cities. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first large-scale survey to investigate people’s travel behaviour related to the usage of PeTs and possibly the only large-scale investigation that took place before the deployment of shared e-scooters in many European cities. Furthermore, an explicit link is made with other modes of active transport (walking and cycling).
Tim De Ceunynck; Gert Wijlhuizen; Aslak Fyhri; Regine Gerike; Dagmar Köhler; Alice Ciccone; Atze Dijkstra; Emmanuelle Dupont; Mario Cools. Assessing the Willingness to Use Personal e-Transporters (PeTs): Results from a Cross-National Survey in Nine European Cities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3844 .
AMA StyleTim De Ceunynck, Gert Wijlhuizen, Aslak Fyhri, Regine Gerike, Dagmar Köhler, Alice Ciccone, Atze Dijkstra, Emmanuelle Dupont, Mario Cools. Assessing the Willingness to Use Personal e-Transporters (PeTs): Results from a Cross-National Survey in Nine European Cities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTim De Ceunynck; Gert Wijlhuizen; Aslak Fyhri; Regine Gerike; Dagmar Köhler; Alice Ciccone; Atze Dijkstra; Emmanuelle Dupont; Mario Cools. 2021. "Assessing the Willingness to Use Personal e-Transporters (PeTs): Results from a Cross-National Survey in Nine European Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3844.
Die funktionale Gliederung und strategische Planung von Verkehrswegenetzen ist die notwendige Voraussetzung für die konkrete Ausgestaltung dieser Netze in Bau und Betrieb. Besonders städtische Straßennetze erfüllen eine Vielzahl verkehrlicher und nichtverkehrlicher Funktionen, welche auf Basis einer konsistenten funktionalen Netzgliederung priorisiert, abgewogen und zielgerichtet umgesetzt werden können. In diesem Kapitel wird zunächst die Systematik zur funktionalen Gliederung von Verkehrswegenetzen entsprechend den Richtlinien für integrierte Netzgestaltung (RIN 2008) eingeführt. Im Anschluss wird die Methodik zur Bewertung von Angebotsqualitäten auf der Ebene von Verbindungen und Netzabschnitten vorgestellt. Das Grundprinzip der funktionalen Gliederung von Verkehrsnetzen nach RIN (2008) ist ein zweidimensionales Matrixsystem, in dem jedem Netzabschnitt zum einen entsprechend seiner verkehrlichen Bedeutung für den fließenden Verkehr eine Verbindungsfunktionsstufe und zum anderen entsprechend seiner Bedeutung für nichtverkehrliche Funktionen eine Kategoriengruppe zugewiesen werden. Die Angebotsqualität einzelner Netzabschnitte wird über den Fahrtgeschwindigkeitsindex bewertet, welcher angestrebte und tatsächliche Fahrtgeschwindigkeiten miteinander vergleicht.
Regine Gerike; Dirk Vallée. Netzplanung und Netzgestaltung. Stadtverkehrsplanung Band 3 2021, 97 -124.
AMA StyleRegine Gerike, Dirk Vallée. Netzplanung und Netzgestaltung. Stadtverkehrsplanung Band 3. 2021; ():97-124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRegine Gerike; Dirk Vallée. 2021. "Netzplanung und Netzgestaltung." Stadtverkehrsplanung Band 3 , no. : 97-124.
The relationships between the built environment characteristics and personal factors influencing public transport use and the ways they interact are not well understood. we aim to advance the understanding of the relationship between built environment and frequency of public transport use in seven European cities, while accounting for other factors, such as individual values and attitudes. in this population-based cross-sectional study, we collected information on mobility behaviour including frequency of public transport use, individual characteristics, and attitudes towards transport, environment and health issues (N = 9952). Home and work/study built environment characteristics were determined with GIS-based techniques. We also applied factor and principal component analyses to define profiles of potential correlates. Logistic regression analyses for each frequency category of public transport use (1–3 days/month, 1–3 days/week, and daily or almost daily), using as reference “never or less than once a month”, were applied. City was included as random effect. Over all, a large percentage of participants reported daily or almost daily public transport use for travel (40.5%), with a wide range across cities (from 7.1% in Örebro to 59.8% in Zurich). Being female, highly educated, a student, or not working increased the odds of higher frequency of using public transport, while having access to a car and/or a bike reduced the odds. Living or working in high-density areas was associated with higher frequency of public transport use, while living or working in low-density areas was associated with lower frequency (1–3 days/month or 1–3 days/week). We observed interactions between built environment characteristics and having access to a car and/or a bike. For instance, greater distance between the residential and the work or study address increased the odds of higher frequency of public transport use, except among participants who owned a car but not a bike. Regarding individual values and attitudes towards public transport use, valuing lower travel cost and shorter travel time was associated with daily or almost daily public transport use, while valuing low exposure to air pollution, personal health benefits while travelling, as well as flexibility and predictability, were associated with more sporadic use. We demonstrate, using one of the largest population-based comprehensive multi-city surveys across European cities with varying social and physical contexts, that dense urban environments, reliable and affordable public transport services, and limiting motorized vehicles in high density areas of the cities will help achieve much needed promotion of public transport use.
Mireia Gascon; Oriol Marquet; Esther Gràcia-Lavedan; Albert Ambròs; Thomas Götschi; Audrey De. Nazelle; Luc Int Panis; Regine Gerike; Christian Brand; Evi Dons; Ulf Eriksson; Francesco Iacorossi; Ione Ávila-Palència; Tom Cole-Hunter; Mark J. Nieuwenhuisjen. What explains public transport use? Evidence from seven European cities. Transport Policy 2020, 99, 362 -374.
AMA StyleMireia Gascon, Oriol Marquet, Esther Gràcia-Lavedan, Albert Ambròs, Thomas Götschi, Audrey De. Nazelle, Luc Int Panis, Regine Gerike, Christian Brand, Evi Dons, Ulf Eriksson, Francesco Iacorossi, Ione Ávila-Palència, Tom Cole-Hunter, Mark J. Nieuwenhuisjen. What explains public transport use? Evidence from seven European cities. Transport Policy. 2020; 99 ():362-374.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMireia Gascon; Oriol Marquet; Esther Gràcia-Lavedan; Albert Ambròs; Thomas Götschi; Audrey De. Nazelle; Luc Int Panis; Regine Gerike; Christian Brand; Evi Dons; Ulf Eriksson; Francesco Iacorossi; Ione Ávila-Palència; Tom Cole-Hunter; Mark J. Nieuwenhuisjen. 2020. "What explains public transport use? Evidence from seven European cities." Transport Policy 99, no. : 362-374.
This paper presents the joint time-use, expenditure and mode choice model, based on the theoretical framework of Jara-Díaz and Guevara (2003), for the first time estimated in panel setting while using surveyed expenditure data. This extended estimation takes into account multiple trips per individual, as well as mode availability. The model was estimated using the novel dataset gathered in Austria in 2015. It includes individual-specific information on time-use, expenditures and mode choice. As a result, we calculate the value of leisure (VoL), travel time savings (VTTS) and time assigned to travel (VTAT), that are relevant inputs to appraisals of transport policies. We also show that, at least for the Austrian working population, the omission of expenditures in the model might result in a significant overestimation of the value of leisure (16.83%); the VoL (9.29€/h) was estimated to be considerably lower than the wage rate (12.14€/h) and the VTTS varies strongly between the modes (9.98€/h for car, 3.91€/h for public transport, 9.25€/h for bike and 17.53€/h for walk). The joint estimation framework produced positive estimates of VTAT (5.38€/h) only for public transport, reflecting the favorable public transport conditions in Austria.
Simona Jokubauskaitė; Reinhard Hössinger; Florian Aschauer; Regine Gerike; Sergio Jara-Díaz; Stefanie Peer; Basil Schmid; Kay W. Axhausen; Friedrich Leisch. Advanced continuous-discrete model for joint time-use expenditure and mode choice estimation. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 2019, 129, 397 -421.
AMA StyleSimona Jokubauskaitė, Reinhard Hössinger, Florian Aschauer, Regine Gerike, Sergio Jara-Díaz, Stefanie Peer, Basil Schmid, Kay W. Axhausen, Friedrich Leisch. Advanced continuous-discrete model for joint time-use expenditure and mode choice estimation. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological. 2019; 129 ():397-421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimona Jokubauskaitė; Reinhard Hössinger; Florian Aschauer; Regine Gerike; Sergio Jara-Díaz; Stefanie Peer; Basil Schmid; Kay W. Axhausen; Friedrich Leisch. 2019. "Advanced continuous-discrete model for joint time-use expenditure and mode choice estimation." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 129, no. : 397-421.
Background:Although walking for travel can help in reaching the daily recommended levels of physical activity, we know relatively little about the correlates of walking for travel in the European context.Objective:Within the framework of the European Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) project, we aimed to explore the correlates of walking for travel in European cities.Methods:The same protocol was applied in seven European cities. Using a web-based questionnaire, we collected information on total minutes of walking per week, individual characteristics, mobility behavior, and attitude (N=7,875). Characteristics of the built environment (the home and the work/study addresses) were determined with geographic information system (GIS)-based techniques. We conducted negative binomial regression analyses, including city as a random effect. Factor and principal component analyses were also conducted to define profiles of the different variables of interest.Results:Living in high-density residential areas with richness of facilities and density of public transport stations was associated with increased walking for travel, whereas the same characteristics at the work/study area were less strongly associated with the outcome when the residential and work/study environments were entered in the model jointly. A walk-friendly social environment was associated with walking for travel. All three factors describing different opinions about walking (ranging from good to bad) were associated with increased minutes of walking per week, although the importance given to certain criteria to choose a mode of transport provided different results according to the criteria.Discussion:The present study supports findings from previous research regarding the role of the built environment in the promotion of walking for travel and provides new findings to help in achieving sustainable, healthy, livable, and walkable cities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4603
Mireia Gascon; Thomas Götschi; Audrey De Nazelle; Esther Gracia; Albert Ambròs; Sandra Márquez; Oriol Marquet; Ione Avila-Palencia; Christian Brand; Francesco Iacorossi; Elisabeth Raser; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Evi Dons; Michelle Laeremans; Sonja Kahlmeier; Julian Sánchez; Regine Gerike; Esther Anaya-Boig; Luc Int Panis; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen. Correlates of Walking for Travel in Seven European Cities: The PASTA Project. Environmental Health Perspectives 2019, 127, 097003 .
AMA StyleMireia Gascon, Thomas Götschi, Audrey De Nazelle, Esther Gracia, Albert Ambròs, Sandra Márquez, Oriol Marquet, Ione Avila-Palencia, Christian Brand, Francesco Iacorossi, Elisabeth Raser, Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Evi Dons, Michelle Laeremans, Sonja Kahlmeier, Julian Sánchez, Regine Gerike, Esther Anaya-Boig, Luc Int Panis, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen. Correlates of Walking for Travel in Seven European Cities: The PASTA Project. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2019; 127 (9):097003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMireia Gascon; Thomas Götschi; Audrey De Nazelle; Esther Gracia; Albert Ambròs; Sandra Márquez; Oriol Marquet; Ione Avila-Palencia; Christian Brand; Francesco Iacorossi; Elisabeth Raser; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Evi Dons; Michelle Laeremans; Sonja Kahlmeier; Julian Sánchez; Regine Gerike; Esther Anaya-Boig; Luc Int Panis; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen. 2019. "Correlates of Walking for Travel in Seven European Cities: The PASTA Project." Environmental Health Perspectives 127, no. 9: 097003.
Based on a time-use model with a sound theoretical basis and carefully collected data for Austria, the value of leisure (VoL) for different population segments has been estimated. Through the combination of these results with mode-specific values of travel time savings from a related study based on the same data, the first mode-specific values of time assigned to travel (VTAT) were calculated. Data was collected using a Mobility-Activity-Expenditure Diary, a novel survey format which gathers all activities, expenditures, and travel decisions from the same individuals for 1 week in a diary-based format. The average VoL is 8.17 €/h, which is below the mean wage of 12.14 €/h, indicating that the value of work is, on average, negative. Regarding the reliability of the VoL, we show its sensitivity to the variance of working time in a sample, something that has been ignored in previous studies and could be used to avoid inadequate segmentation. We controlled this effect in the analysis of the heterogeneity of the VoL across the population by estimating the parameters from the total (unsegmented) dataset with single interaction terms. We find that the VTAT is strictly negative for walking, predominantly negative for cycling and car, and predominantly positive for public transport with 0.27 €/h on average. The positive VTAT for public transport is a strong indication for the importance of travel conditions, in turn suggesting that improvements in travel conditions of public transport might be as important as investing in shorter travel times.
Reinhard Hössinger; Florian Aschauer; Sergio Jara-Díaz; Simona Jokubauskaite; Basil Schmid; Stefanie Peer; Kay W. Axhausen; Regine Gerike. A joint time-assignment and expenditure-allocation model: value of leisure and value of time assigned to travel for specific population segments. Transportation 2019, 47, 1439 -1475.
AMA StyleReinhard Hössinger, Florian Aschauer, Sergio Jara-Díaz, Simona Jokubauskaite, Basil Schmid, Stefanie Peer, Kay W. Axhausen, Regine Gerike. A joint time-assignment and expenditure-allocation model: value of leisure and value of time assigned to travel for specific population segments. Transportation. 2019; 47 (3):1439-1475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleReinhard Hössinger; Florian Aschauer; Sergio Jara-Díaz; Simona Jokubauskaite; Basil Schmid; Stefanie Peer; Kay W. Axhausen; Regine Gerike. 2019. "A joint time-assignment and expenditure-allocation model: value of leisure and value of time assigned to travel for specific population segments." Transportation 47, no. 3: 1439-1475.
Physical activity has been widely associated with beneficial health effects. The use of electric-assist bicycles (e-bikes) can lead to increased or decreased physical activity, depending on the transport mode substituted. This study aimed to compare physical activity levels of e-bikers and conventional bicycle users (cyclists) as well as across e-bike user groups based on the transport mode substituted by e-bike. Physical activity, transport and user related parameters were analysed. Data from the longitudinal on-line survey of the PASTA project were used. The survey recruited over 10,000 participants in seven European cities. Physical activity levels, measured in Metabolic Equivalent Task minutes per week (MET min/wk), were similar among e-bikers and cyclists (4463 vs. 4085). E-bikers reported significantly longer trip distances for both e-bike (9.4 km) and bicycle trips (8.4 km) compared to cyclists for bicycle trips (4.8 km), as well as longer daily travel distances for e-bike than cyclists for bicycle (8.0 vs. 5.3 km per person, per day, respectively). Travel-related activities of e-bikers who switched from cycling decreased by around 200 MET min/wk., while those switching from private motorized vehicle and public transport gained around 550 and 800 MET min/wk. respectively. Therefore, this data suggests that e-bike use leads to substantial increases in physical activity in e-bikers switching from private motorized vehicle and public transport, while net losses in physical activity in e-bikers switching from cycling were much less due to increases in overall travel distance.
Alberto Castro; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Evi Dons; Arnout Standaert; Michelle Laeremans; Anna Clark; Esther Anaya-Boig; Tom Cole-Hunter; Ione Avila-Palencia; David Rojas-Rueda; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Regine Gerike; Luc Int Panis; Audrey de Nazelle; Christian Brand; Elisabeth Raser; Sonja Kahlmeier; Thomas Götschi. Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 2019, 1, 100017 .
AMA StyleAlberto Castro, Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Evi Dons, Arnout Standaert, Michelle Laeremans, Anna Clark, Esther Anaya-Boig, Tom Cole-Hunter, Ione Avila-Palencia, David Rojas-Rueda, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Regine Gerike, Luc Int Panis, Audrey de Nazelle, Christian Brand, Elisabeth Raser, Sonja Kahlmeier, Thomas Götschi. Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2019; 1 ():100017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Castro; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Evi Dons; Arnout Standaert; Michelle Laeremans; Anna Clark; Esther Anaya-Boig; Tom Cole-Hunter; Ione Avila-Palencia; David Rojas-Rueda; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Regine Gerike; Luc Int Panis; Audrey de Nazelle; Christian Brand; Elisabeth Raser; Sonja Kahlmeier; Thomas Götschi. 2019. "Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 1, no. : 100017.
Journal of Medical Internet Research - International Scientific Journal for Medical Research, Information and Communication on the Internet #Preprint #PeerReviewMe: Warning: This is a unreviewed preprint. Readers are warned that the document has not been peer-reviewed by expert/patient reviewers or an academic editor, may contain misleading claims, and is likely to undergo changes before final publication, if accepted, or may have been rejected/withdrawn. Readers with interest and expertise are encouraged to sign up as peer-reviewer, if the paper is within an open peer-review period. Please cite this preprint only for review purposes or for grant applications and CVs (if you are the author). Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements in empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with an online survey and data collection platform yields new benefits compared to traditional recruitment approaches. Objective: The objective of this paper is to report on the success of different recruitment methods to obtain participants’ characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample. Methods: A longitudinal online survey was implemented as part of the European PASTA project, which was online between November 2014 and December 2016. During this period participants in seven European cities were recruited on a rolling basis. For all cities to reach a sufficient number of adult participants a standardized guide on recruitment strategy was developed. In order to make use of the strengths and to minimize weakness a combination of different opportunistic recruitment methods was applied. In addition, the city of Oerebro applied random sampling approach. In order to reduce attrition rate and improve real-time monitoring the online platform featured a participant and a researchers` user interface and dashboard. Results: A total of 10,691 participants were recruited. Most people found out about the survey through their workplace or employer (21.5 %), outreach promotion (20.8 %), and social media (17.4 %). The average number of questionnaires filled-in per participant varied between the cities, with the highest number in Zurich (11.0 ± 0.33) and the lowest in Oerebro (4.8 ± 0.17). Collaboration with local organizations, the use of Facebook and mailing lists, and direct street recruitment were the most effective approaches in reaching a high share of participants (p = <.001). Under consideration of invested working hours Facebook (p = <.001) was one of the most time-efficient methods. Compared to the cities census data, the composition of study participants was broadly representative in terms of gender distribution, however included younger and better educated participants. Conclusions: We observed that offering a mixed recruitment approach was very effective in achieving a high participation rate. The highest attrition rate and the lowest average number of questionnaires filled-in per participant were observed in Oerebro, who also recruited participants through random sampling. The findings suggest that people that are more interested in the topic are more willing to participate and to stay in a survey than those who are selected randomly and may not have a strong connection to the research topic. Whereas direct face-to-face contacts were very effective with respect to the number of recruited participants; recruiting people through social media was not only effective, but also very time-efficient. The collected data is based on one of the largest recruited longitudinal samples with a common recruitment strategy in different European cities.
Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Elisabeth Raser; Esther Anaya-Boig; Ione Avila-Palencia; Audrey De Nazelle; Evi Dons; Helen Franzen; Regine Gerike; Thomas Götschi; Francesco Iacorossi; Reinhard Hössinger; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; David Rojas-Rueda; Julian Sanchez; Emilia Smeds; Manja Deforth; Arnout Standaert; Erik Stigell; Tom Cole-Hunter; Luc Int Panis. Evaluation of Different Recruitment Methods: Longitudinal, Web-Based, Pan-European Physical Activity Through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) Project. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019, 21, e11492 .
AMA StyleMailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Elisabeth Raser, Esther Anaya-Boig, Ione Avila-Palencia, Audrey De Nazelle, Evi Dons, Helen Franzen, Regine Gerike, Thomas Götschi, Francesco Iacorossi, Reinhard Hössinger, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, David Rojas-Rueda, Julian Sanchez, Emilia Smeds, Manja Deforth, Arnout Standaert, Erik Stigell, Tom Cole-Hunter, Luc Int Panis. Evaluation of Different Recruitment Methods: Longitudinal, Web-Based, Pan-European Physical Activity Through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) Project. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019; 21 (5):e11492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Elisabeth Raser; Esther Anaya-Boig; Ione Avila-Palencia; Audrey De Nazelle; Evi Dons; Helen Franzen; Regine Gerike; Thomas Götschi; Francesco Iacorossi; Reinhard Hössinger; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; David Rojas-Rueda; Julian Sanchez; Emilia Smeds; Manja Deforth; Arnout Standaert; Erik Stigell; Tom Cole-Hunter; Luc Int Panis. 2019. "Evaluation of Different Recruitment Methods: Longitudinal, Web-Based, Pan-European Physical Activity Through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) Project." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 5: e11492.
Being of great importance for transportation policy appraisals, we investigate mode and user-type effects in the value of travel time savings (VTTS) using a pooled RP/SP Mixed Logit modeling approach for mode, route and destination choice data. For a representative sample of Austrian workers, our analysis reveals population-weighted median VTTS estimates for car (12.3 Euro/h), public transportation (PT; 8.1 Euro/h), bike (11.7 Euro/h) and walk (10.2 Euro/h). Considering only those respondents who have used car and PT in the observation period (and thus are familiar with both modes), we find that four user characteristics are able to decompose this substantial difference in median VTTS between car and PT (i.e. the total mode effect) of about 4.9 Euro/h: Posterior means of individual and mode-specific VTTS distributions reveal a reduced mode effect for high income (4.6 Euro/h), female (4.5 Euro/h), low educated (4.3 Euro/h) and urban (3.0 Euro/h) user groups. Our results indicate that in the case of Austrian workers, characteristics of the mode are more important than characteristics of the users, and that the travel time spent in PT is valued less than in a car for all investigated user groups.
Basil Schmid; Simona Jokubauskaite; Florian Aschauer; Stefanie Peer; Reinhard Hössinger; Regine Gerike; Sergio R. Jara-Diaz; Kay W. Axhausen. A pooled RP/SP mode, route and destination choice model to investigate mode and user-type effects in the value of travel time savings. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2019, 124, 262 -294.
AMA StyleBasil Schmid, Simona Jokubauskaite, Florian Aschauer, Stefanie Peer, Reinhard Hössinger, Regine Gerike, Sergio R. Jara-Diaz, Kay W. Axhausen. A pooled RP/SP mode, route and destination choice model to investigate mode and user-type effects in the value of travel time savings. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2019; 124 ():262-294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBasil Schmid; Simona Jokubauskaite; Florian Aschauer; Stefanie Peer; Reinhard Hössinger; Regine Gerike; Sergio R. Jara-Diaz; Kay W. Axhausen. 2019. "A pooled RP/SP mode, route and destination choice model to investigate mode and user-type effects in the value of travel time savings." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 124, no. : 262-294.
Regine Gerike; Audrey de Nazelle; Rico Wittwer; John Parkin. Special Issue “Walking and Cycling for better Transport, Health and the Environment”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2019, 123, 1 -6.
AMA StyleRegine Gerike, Audrey de Nazelle, Rico Wittwer, John Parkin. Special Issue “Walking and Cycling for better Transport, Health and the Environment”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2019; 123 ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRegine Gerike; Audrey de Nazelle; Rico Wittwer; John Parkin. 2019. "Special Issue “Walking and Cycling for better Transport, Health and the Environment”." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 123, no. : 1-6.
A large amount of information is required to model the complex trade-off processes between travel activities, non-travel activities and budget assignment at the individual level. This paper describes the development of a new survey design, which incorporates components of travel surveys, time use surveys and consumer expenditure surveys in an integrated format, which is expected to deliver a richer data set allowing deeper insights into individuals’ activity and consumption patterns. The survey procedure and the incentives paid, which were necessary to obtain acceptable response rates, are also described. Results from two pilot studies using a trip-based and an activity-based diary format are presented. The paper examines to which extent the diaries have been capable of collecting the required data with high quality and response rates. The innovative “Mobility–Activity–Expenditure-Diary” is introduced and results of the main survey using this design are presented. Travel behaviour and non-travel activities were reported at high quality. Expenditures would require longer observation periods (and preferably not only telephone but also personal support in the survey process) to reduce unsystematic variations and to better capture individuals’ long term equilibrium.
Florian Aschauer; Inka Rösel; Reinhard Hössinger; Heinz Brian Kreis; Regine Gerike. Time use, mobility and expenditure: an innovative survey design for understanding individuals’ trade-off processes. Transportation 2018, 46, 307 -339.
AMA StyleFlorian Aschauer, Inka Rösel, Reinhard Hössinger, Heinz Brian Kreis, Regine Gerike. Time use, mobility and expenditure: an innovative survey design for understanding individuals’ trade-off processes. Transportation. 2018; 46 (2):307-339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorian Aschauer; Inka Rösel; Reinhard Hössinger; Heinz Brian Kreis; Regine Gerike. 2018. "Time use, mobility and expenditure: an innovative survey design for understanding individuals’ trade-off processes." Transportation 46, no. 2: 307-339.
This paper summarizes the findings from the workshop “Surveys on long-distance travel and other rare events”. The main objectives for this workshop were to discuss suitable definitions for long-distance passenger travel as well as to exchange knowledge and ideas about available and potential data sources, methods for data collection, and emerging research questions. Various interesting topics were identified for future research on long-distance travel. These include the combination of complementary and innovative data sources, new survey techniques, and addressing hindrances to survey participation. Strengthened interdisciplinary research is expected to reveal new valuable insight.
Regine Gerike; Angelika Schulz. Workshop Synthesis: Surveys on long-distance travel and other rare events. Transportation Research Procedia 2018, 32, 535 -541.
AMA StyleRegine Gerike, Angelika Schulz. Workshop Synthesis: Surveys on long-distance travel and other rare events. Transportation Research Procedia. 2018; 32 ():535-541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRegine Gerike; Angelika Schulz. 2018. "Workshop Synthesis: Surveys on long-distance travel and other rare events." Transportation Research Procedia 32, no. : 535-541.
In the fight against rising overweight and obesity levels, and unhealthy urban environments, the renaissance of active mobility (cycling and walking as a transport mode) is encouraging. Transport mode has been shown to be associated to body mass index (BMI), yet there is limited longitudinal evidence demonstrating causality. We aimed to associate transport mode and BMI cross-sectionally, but also prospectively in the first ever European-wide longitudinal study on transport and health. Data were from the PASTA project that recruited adults in seven European cities (Antwerp, Barcelona, London, Oerebro, Rome, Vienna, Zurich) to complete a series of questionnaires on travel behavior, physical activity levels, and BMI. To assess the association between transport mode and BMI as well as change in BMI we performed crude and adjusted linear mixed-effects modeling for cross-sectional (n = 7380) and longitudinal (n = 2316) data, respectively. Cross-sectionally, BMI was 0.027 kg/m2 (95%CI 0.015 to 0.040) higher per additional day of car use per month. Inversely, BMI was −0.010 kg/m2 (95%CI −0.020 to −0.0002) lower per additional day of cycling per month. Changes in BMI were smaller in the longitudinal within-person assessment, however still statistically significant. BMI decreased in occasional (less than once per week) and non-cyclists who increased cycling (−0.303 kg/m2, 95%CI −0.530 to −0.077), while frequent (at least once per week) cyclists who stopped cycling increased their BMI (0.417 kg/m2, 95%CI 0.033 to 0.802). Our analyses showed that people lower their BMI when starting or increasing cycling, demonstrating the health benefits of active mobility.
Evi Dons; David Rojas-Rueda; Esther Anaya Boig; Ione Avila-Palencia; Christian Brand; Tom Cole-Hunter; Audrey de Nazelle; Ulf Eriksson; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Regine Gerike; Sonja Kahlmeier; Michelle Laeremans; Natalie Mueller; Tim Nawrot; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen; Juan Pablo Orjuela; Francesca Racioppi; Elisabeth Raser; Arnout Standaert; Luc Int Panis; Thomas Götschi. Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study. Environment International 2018, 119, 109 -116.
AMA StyleEvi Dons, David Rojas-Rueda, Esther Anaya Boig, Ione Avila-Palencia, Christian Brand, Tom Cole-Hunter, Audrey de Nazelle, Ulf Eriksson, Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Regine Gerike, Sonja Kahlmeier, Michelle Laeremans, Natalie Mueller, Tim Nawrot, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Juan Pablo Orjuela, Francesca Racioppi, Elisabeth Raser, Arnout Standaert, Luc Int Panis, Thomas Götschi. Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study. Environment International. 2018; 119 ():109-116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvi Dons; David Rojas-Rueda; Esther Anaya Boig; Ione Avila-Palencia; Christian Brand; Tom Cole-Hunter; Audrey de Nazelle; Ulf Eriksson; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Regine Gerike; Sonja Kahlmeier; Michelle Laeremans; Natalie Mueller; Tim Nawrot; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen; Juan Pablo Orjuela; Francesca Racioppi; Elisabeth Raser; Arnout Standaert; Luc Int Panis; Thomas Götschi. 2018. "Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study." Environment International 119, no. : 109-116.
Active mobility is related to various positive effects and is promoted in urban planning, transport planning, and in public health. The goals of these three disciplines differ in many respects but have a strong overlap in the ambition to foster active mobility. Until now, efforts for strengthening active mobility have typically not been combined, but rather promoted separately within each discipline. This paper presents a review of research on determinants and impacts of active mobility and of policy measures for supporting active mobility, including the three disciplines of transport planning, urban planning, and public health. The paper further shows the different perspectives and ambitions of the three disciplines and, simultaneously, the substantial synergies that can be gained from an interdisciplinary collaboration in research and practice.
Caroline Koszowski; Regine Gerike; Stefan Hubrich; Thomas Götschi; Maria Pohle; Rico Wittwer. Active Mobility: Bringing Together Transport Planning, Urban Planning, and Public Health. Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe 2018, 149 -171.
AMA StyleCaroline Koszowski, Regine Gerike, Stefan Hubrich, Thomas Götschi, Maria Pohle, Rico Wittwer. Active Mobility: Bringing Together Transport Planning, Urban Planning, and Public Health. Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe. 2018; ():149-171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaroline Koszowski; Regine Gerike; Stefan Hubrich; Thomas Götschi; Maria Pohle; Rico Wittwer. 2018. "Active Mobility: Bringing Together Transport Planning, Urban Planning, and Public Health." Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe , no. : 149-171.
Transport mode choice has been associated with different health risks and benefits depending on which transport mode is used. We aimed to evaluate the association between different transport modes use and several health and social contact measures. We based our analyses on the Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) longitudinal study, conducted over a period of two years in seven European cities. 8802 participants finished the baseline questionnaire, and 3567 answered the final questionnaire. Participants were 18 years of age or older (16 years of age or older in Zurich) and lived, worked and/or studied in one of the case-study cities. Associations between transport mode use and health/social contact measures were estimated using mixed-effects logistic regression models, linear regression models, and logistic regression models according to the data available. All the associations were assessed with single and multiple transport mode models. All models were adjusted for potential confounders. In multiple transport mode models, bicycle use was associated with good self-perceived health [OR (CI 95%) = 1.07 (1.05, 1.08)], all the mental health measures [perceived stress: coef (CI 95%) = −0.016 (−0.028, −0.004); mental health: coef (CI 95%) = 0.11 (0.05, 0.18); vitality: coef (CI 95%) = 0.14 (0.07, 0.22)], and with fewer feelings of loneliness [coef (CI 95%) = −0.03 (−0.05, −0.01)]. Walking was associated with good self-perceived health [OR (CI 95%) = 1.02 (1.00, 1.03)], higher vitality [coef (CI 95%) = 0.14 (0.05, 0.23)], and more frequent contact with friends/family [OR (CI 95%) = 1.03 (1.00, 1.05)]. Car use was associated with fewer feelings of loneliness [coef (CI 95%) = −0.04 (−0.06, −0.02)]. The results for e-bike and public transport use were non-significant, and the results for motorbike use were inconclusive. Similarity of findings across cities suggested that active transport, especially bicycle use, should be encouraged to improve population health and social outcomes.
Ione Avila-Palencia; Luc Int Panis; Evi Dons; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Elisabeth Raser; Thomas Götschi; Regine Gerike; Christian Brand; Audrey de Nazelle; Juan Pablo Orjuela; Esther Anaya Boig; Erik Stigell; Sonja Kahlmeier; Francesco Iacorossi; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen. The effects of transport mode use on self-perceived health, mental health, and social contact measures: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Environment International 2018, 120, 199 -206.
AMA StyleIone Avila-Palencia, Luc Int Panis, Evi Dons, Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Elisabeth Raser, Thomas Götschi, Regine Gerike, Christian Brand, Audrey de Nazelle, Juan Pablo Orjuela, Esther Anaya Boig, Erik Stigell, Sonja Kahlmeier, Francesco Iacorossi, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen. The effects of transport mode use on self-perceived health, mental health, and social contact measures: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Environment International. 2018; 120 ():199-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIone Avila-Palencia; Luc Int Panis; Evi Dons; Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Elisabeth Raser; Thomas Götschi; Regine Gerike; Christian Brand; Audrey de Nazelle; Juan Pablo Orjuela; Esther Anaya Boig; Erik Stigell; Sonja Kahlmeier; Francesco Iacorossi; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen. 2018. "The effects of transport mode use on self-perceived health, mental health, and social contact measures: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study." Environment International 120, no. : 199-206.
BACKGROUND Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements in empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with an online survey and data collection platform yields new benefits compared to traditional recruitment approaches. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to report on the success of different recruitment methods to obtain participants’ characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample. METHODS A longitudinal online survey was implemented as part of the European PASTA project, which was online between November 2014 and December 2016. During this period participants in seven European cities were recruited on a rolling basis. For all cities to reach a sufficient number of adult participants a standardized guide on recruitment strategy was developed. In order to make use of the strengths and to minimize weakness a combination of different opportunistic recruitment methods was applied. In addition, the city of Oerebro applied random sampling approach. In order to reduce attrition rate and improve real-time monitoring the online platform featured a participant and a researchers` user interface and dashboard. RESULTS A total of 10,691 participants were recruited. Most people found out about the survey through their workplace or employer (21.5 %), outreach promotion (20.8 %), and social media (17.4 %). The average number of questionnaires filled-in per participant varied between the cities, with the highest number in Zurich (11.0 ± 0.33) and the lowest in Oerebro (4.8 ± 0.17). Collaboration with local organizations, the use of Facebook and mailing lists, and direct street recruitment were the most effective approaches in reaching a high share of participants (p = <.001). Under consideration of invested working hours Facebook (p = <.001) was one of the most time-efficient methods. Compared to the cities census data, the composition of study participants was broadly representative in terms of gender distribution, however included younger and better educated participants. CONCLUSIONS We observed that offering a mixed recruitment approach was very effective in achieving a high participation rate. The highest attrition rate and the lowest average number of questionnaires filled-in per participant were observed in Oerebro, who also recruited participants through random sampling. The findings suggest that people that are more interested in the topic are more willing to participate and to stay in a survey than those who are selected randomly and may not have a strong connection to the research topic. Whereas direct face-to-face contacts were very effective with respect to the number of recruited participants; recruiting people through social media was not only effective, but also very time-efficient. The collected data is based on one of the largest recruited longitudinal samples with a common recruitment strategy in different European cities.
Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Elisabeth Raser; Esther Anaya-Boig; Ione Avila-Palencia; Audrey De Nazelle; Evi Dons; Helen Franzen; Regine Gerike; Francesco Iacorossi; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; David Rojas-Rueda; Julian Sanchez; Emilia Smeds; Manja Deforth; Arnout Standaert; Erik Stigell; Tom Cole-Hunter; Luc Int Panis; Thomas Götschi; Reinhard Hössinger. Evaluating different recruitment methods in a longitudinal survey: Findings from the pan-European PASTA project (Preprint). 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleMailin Gaupp-Berghausen, Elisabeth Raser, Esther Anaya-Boig, Ione Avila-Palencia, Audrey De Nazelle, Evi Dons, Helen Franzen, Regine Gerike, Francesco Iacorossi, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, David Rojas-Rueda, Julian Sanchez, Emilia Smeds, Manja Deforth, Arnout Standaert, Erik Stigell, Tom Cole-Hunter, Luc Int Panis, Thomas Götschi, Reinhard Hössinger. Evaluating different recruitment methods in a longitudinal survey: Findings from the pan-European PASTA project (Preprint). . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMailin Gaupp-Berghausen; Elisabeth Raser; Esther Anaya-Boig; Ione Avila-Palencia; Audrey De Nazelle; Evi Dons; Helen Franzen; Regine Gerike; Francesco Iacorossi; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; David Rojas-Rueda; Julian Sanchez; Emilia Smeds; Manja Deforth; Arnout Standaert; Erik Stigell; Tom Cole-Hunter; Luc Int Panis; Thomas Götschi; Reinhard Hössinger. 2018. "Evaluating different recruitment methods in a longitudinal survey: Findings from the pan-European PASTA project (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
Das Phänomen Stau ist ein Phänomen der Verkehrsqualität. Aus verkehrstechnischer Sicht steht Stau für Überlastung als unterste Stufe(n) der Verkehrsqualität. Die Kapazität der Verkehrsanlage ist hier überschritten und die Funktionsfähigkeit nicht mehr gegeben. In der verkehrsökonomischen Argumentation werden bereits kleine bewertbare Abweichungen von der freien Geschwindigkeit in die Ermittlung von Staufolgen einbezogen. Dieser Ansatz ist für die Bepreisung von auslastungsbedingten Zeitverlusten geeignet, nicht aber für die Verkehrsplanung, denn die durchgehende Gewährleistung freier Geschwindigkeiten ist volkswirtschaftlich weder sinnvoll noch machbar. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Staubegriffe und -indikatoren und zeigt Wege zur Abgrenzung und zum Erreichen akzeptabler Stauniveaus auf.
Regine Gerike. Das Phänomen Stau. Verkehrspolitik 2018, 243 -269.
AMA StyleRegine Gerike. Das Phänomen Stau. Verkehrspolitik. 2018; ():243-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRegine Gerike. 2018. "Das Phänomen Stau." Verkehrspolitik , no. : 243-269.