The paper presents risk assessment of construction projects. The assessment is based on the multi‐attribute decision‐making methods. The risk evaluation attributes are selected taking into consideration the interests and goals of the stakeholders as well as factors that have influence on the construction process efficiency and real estate value. Ranking of objects and determination of their optimality are determined by applying TOPSIS grey and COPRAS‐G methods with attributes values determined at intervals. A background and a description of the proposed model are provided and key findings of the analysis are presented. Santrauka Straipsnyje vertinama statybos projektu rizika. Vertinimas pagristas ivairiais daugiatikslio vertinimo metodais. Rizikos vertinimo rodikliai atrenkami, atsižvelgiant i suinteresuotu šaliu interesus, tikslus ir veiksnius, kurie turi itakos statybos proceso efektyvumui ir nekilnojamojo turto vertes didinimui. Projektai surikiuoti pagal naudinguma, nustatyti santykiniai ju optimalumo dydžiai. Uždavinio modeliui aprašyti ir jam išspresti taikomi TOPSIS grey ir COPRAS‐G metodai. Projektu savybes aprašomos efektyvumo rodikliu reikšmemis, apibrežiamomis intervaluose. Straipsnyje aprašomas taikomas modelis, atlikta uždavinio analize ir pateikiamos trumpos išvados.

The higher life quality standards, the changes of habits and new well‐being requirements have led to an increase in the demand for housing. Decision‐making problems in construction management often involve a complex decision‐making process in which multiple requirements and conditions have to be taken into consideration simultaneously. However, not every attribute used in multidimensional scaling is equally and precisely weighted in the real world. Thus quantitative and qualitative assessments are often required to deal with uncertainty, subjective and imprecise data. The accuracy of performance measures in common multi-attribute methods is usually assumed to be accurate. Grey theory is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision‐making in many areas. This paper considers the application of grey relations methodology for defining the utility of an alternative and is proposed as a method of multiple criteria COmplex PRoportional Assessment of alternatives with Grey relations (COPRAS‐G). In this model parameters of the alternatives are determined by the grey relational grade and are expressed in intervals. A case study of assessing external walls of four alternatives was used to demonstrate the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that this method can be implemented as an effective decision aid in multi‐attribute selection. Santrauka Straipsnio tikslas – pasiūlyti alternatyvią daugelio rodiklių vertinimo metodiką. Šios metodikos išskirtinumas – rodiklių reikšmės, aprašomos intervalais. Tai labiau atitinka realias aplinkos sąlygas ir galimas reikšmes. Modelis su intervaluose pateiktomis efektyvumo rodiklių reikšmėmis pritaikytas E. K. Zavadsko ir A. Kaklausko sukurtam metodui COPRAS (Complex Proportional Evaluation). Taip gautas naujas metodas COPRAS-G. Šis metodas pritaikytas daugiabučių namų išorinių sienų efektyvumo vertinimo uždaviniui spręsti. Sudaryta efektyvumo rodiklių sistema, nustatyta efektyvumo rodiklių reikšmė, rodiklių rangas. Pagal sudarytą modelį pritaikę COPRAS-G metodą, galime spręsti daugelį statybos, vadybos alternatyvų vertinimo uždavinių.

Multi-attribute analysis is a useful tool in many economical, managerial, constructional, etc. problems. The accuracy of performance measures in COPRAS (The multi-attribute COmplex PRoportional ASsessment of alternatives) method is usually assumed to be accurate. This method assumes direct and proportional dependence of the weight and utility degree of investigated versions on a system of attributes adequately describing the alternatives and on values and weights of the attributes. However, there is usually some uncertainty involved in all multi-attribute model inputs. The objective of this research is to demonstrate how simulation can be used to reflect fuzzy inputs, which allows more complete interpretation of model results. A case study is used to demonstrate the concept of general contractor choice of on the basis of multiple attributes of efficiency with fuzzy inputs applying COPRAS-G method. The research has concluded that the COPRAS-G method is appropriate to use.

Greening the supply chain is an increasingly important concern for many business enterprises and a challenge for logistics management. Critical functions within green supply chain management are internal improvements and selection of green suppliers. This study proposes a novel, hybrid model that addresses dependent relationships between various criteria and the vague information coming from decision-makers. The Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique structures the relationships among criteria, thereby constructing an influential network relationship map (INRM). Meanwhile the DEMATEL-based, analytical network process (ANP) method aids in obtaining influential weights of the criteria. Decision-makers may hold diverse opinions and preferences due to incomplete information, differences in knowledge or simply conflicts that are inherent between various departments. This can make it difficult to judge the performance of alternatives. One remedy is to apply a modified COmplex PRoportional ASsessment of alternatives with Grey relations. Next, this is applied to improve each criterion for integration of the performance values obtained in closing the aspiration level from different expert opinions based on INRM. An empirical example using data from a Taiwanese electronics company is provided to demonstrate our proposed method. The results can provide firms with a knowledge-based understanding of the source of some problems, thus reducing the performance gaps and closing the aspiration levels. Finally, there is a discussion on certain managerial implications.

Risk management is an important field of construction industry and has gained more importance internationally due to the latest researches carried out on a large scale. However, this relatively new field requires more attention to bring some benefit. Construction projects are facing a number of risks which have negative effects on project objects such as time, cost and quality. This study is based on findings of a questionnaire-based survey on risk management in construction projects in Pakistan, reporting the significance of different type of risk, ultimate responsibility for them and the effectiveness of some most common risk management techniques practiced in the industry. Two types of risk management techniques were considered: preventive techniques which can be used before the start of a project to manage risks that are anticipated during the project execution; and remedial techniques that are used during the execution phase once a risk has already occurred. The study revealed that financial issues for projects, accidents on site and defective design are the most significant risks affecting most of construction projects. As further reported, the contractor is responsible for management of most risks occurring at sites during the implementation phase, such as issues related to subcontractors, labour, machinery, availability of materials and quality, while the client is responsible for the risks such as financial issues, issues related to design documents, changes in codes and regulations, and scope of work. Further reported results of the analysis demonstrate that the production of proper schedule by getting updated data of the project and guidance from previous similar projects are the most effective preventive risk management techniques while close supervision and coordination within projects are the most effective remedial risk management techniques. It may be concluded that the most significant risks must be managed with greater effort to reduce/eliminate their effects on the project. As the study concludes, preparation of a proper schedule and good coordination during the implementation stage are very important as they may help project managers to focus on critical areas for better management of projects in Pakistan.

The concept of the agile supply chain has been taken into account as means of achieving a high competitive edge in rapidly changing business environments. Supply partner selection is one of the most appealing issues for agile supply chain management, which have recently been studied by academicians and practitioners. Due to a large number of factors to be considered, supplier selection process is a difficult task for every company. Therefore, supplier selection process can be viewed as a multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. In this paper, a novel hybrid MADM method is proposed for agile supplier selection based on four criteria including performance, cost, flexibility and technology. Two MADM methods, including step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) are applied in decision-making process. More precisely, SWARA is used for determining the importance of each criterion and calculating their weights and VIKOR is applied for evaluating alternatives as well as ranking supplier alternatives from the best to the worst. More precisely, the first phase of the proposed methodology, step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA), is useful for determining the importance of each criterion and calculating the weight of each criterion, and the second phase with Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) is useful for evaluating alternatives as well as ranking supplier alternatives from the best to the worst. Finally, a real case-study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology. As a result, the model can help managers to evaluate and select the best supplier regarding own company strategies, resources, policies and etc. for their organization.