The moisture diffusion behaviors of 3D woven composites exhibit non-Fickian properties when they are exposed to a hydrothermal environment. Although some experimental works have been undertaken to investigate this phenomenon, very few mathematical works on non-Fickian moisture diffusion predictions of 3D woven composites are available in the literature. To capture the non-Fickian behavior of moisture diffusion in 3D woven composites, this study first utilized a time fractional diffusion equation to derive the percentage of moisture content of a homogeneous material under hydrothermal conditions. A two-stage moisture diffusion model was subsequently developed based on the moisture diffusion mechanics of both neat resin and 3D woven composites, which describes the initial fast diffusion and the long-term slow diffusion stages. Notably, the model incorporated fractional order parameters to account for the nonlinear property of moisture diffusion in composites. Finally, the weight gain curves of neat resin and the 3D woven composite were calculated to verify the fractional diffusion model, and the predicted moisture uptake curves were all in good agreement with the experimental results. It is important to note that when the fractional order parameter α < 1, the initial moisture uptake will become larger with a later slow down process. This phenomenon can better describe non-Fickian behavior caused by initial voids or complicated structures.

Increasingly, cities worldwide are striving for green travel and slow traffic, and vigorously developing people-oriented urban pedestrian traffic with sustainability has become a fixture in recent discourse. This paper comprehensively considers the sidewalk’s facilities environment and the status of pedestrian traffic flow; divides the urban pedestrian road system (UPRS) into five subsystems around the underpass, overpass, crosswalk, sidewalk, and road crosswalk; and introduces the basic structure as well as the function of each system. Then, the indicators are classified into two types of crosswalk facilities and sidewalk facilities, and a comprehensive pedestrian road indicator system with the combination of subjective and objective is established. Consequently, the integration of the fuzzy AHP and DEA-based symmetrical technique for the subjective evaluation indicator combined with pedestrian traffic characteristics is developed. A nine-step semantics scale of relative importance was used so that the symmetry of the response of pedestrian satisfaction was maintained. Fuzzy evaluation based on AHP is further modeled, and the DEA is employed to achieve an overall evaluation of the quality of service (QoS) for UPRS. The applicability of the established evaluation system is finally verified through a real case study in Harbin, China. The serviceability assessment method in this paper provides a new idea for planners to conduct sustainability evaluation for UPRS in future urban renewal development.

In the evolving landscape of perishable goods management, where the balance between minimizing waste and maximizing profitability is paramount, this work introduces an innovative approach to pricing and inventory decisions for products with limited shelf lives, focusing on vegetables in supermarkets. The contribution lies in its integration of an automated pricing and restocking decision model that leverages autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting techniques alongside dynamic pricing strategies tailored to the goods’ freshness and remaining shelf life. The study uses a comprehensive sales, spoilage rates, and customer demand dataset to apply ARIMA forecasting for optimal restocking and adjusts prices dynamically based on product freshness, promoting competitive pricing and waste reduction. The results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness, reducing spoilage rates by up to 30% and increasing profitability margins by about 15%, highlighting its practical utility in real-world scenarios. The research highlights the potential for supermarkets to improve perishable goods inventory management, leading to significant economic benefits and reduced food waste. This study contributes to sustainable retail practices aligning with global responsible consumption and production initiatives, offering a scalable economic efficiency and environmental stewardship solution.

When hydrophilic materials (such as natural fiber, epoxy resin or concrete) compose sandwich structures, the moisture absorption from hydrothermal environments may significantly affect their mechanical properties. Although some experimental works were carried out, few mathematical efforts have been made to describe the moisture diffusion of multiphase symmetrical sandwich structures thus far. In this paper, the moisture diffusion equation was developed to effectively predict the moisture diffusion behavior of multiphase symmetrical sandwich structures as the function of aging time. Both finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental works were carried out to validate the accuracy of the analytical method, and the analytical results show a good agreement with FEA and experimental data. The effect of the interface condition on the concentration at the interfaces was discussed; the difference between concentration and normalized concentration was illustrated; the correct interface condition, which is a continuous normalized concentration condition, was explained for the moisture diffusion behavior of sandwich structures.

With growing emphasis on green and low-carbon development and rising urban delivery demand, electric vehicles (EVs) have been increasingly adopted in logistics distribution systems. However, their limited driving range, relatively long charging durations, and the limited capacity of charging stations pose substantial challenges to real-world electric delivery operations. When multiple vehicles arrive at a station with a limited number of chargers, queueing delays may disrupt subsequent customer service and increase total operating costs. To address this issue, this study investigates an electric vehicle routing problem with capacitated charging stations and queueing delays. A mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated, and an enhanced adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is developed to efficiently solve medium- and large-scale instances. In the proposed model, each vehicle visit to a charging station is represented as a charging event, while finite station capacity is enforced through charging-event assignment and temporal non-overlap constraints. Computational results show that the enhanced ALNS matches the proven optimal solution for the 10-customer instance. For the 15- and 20-customer instances, the best objective values obtained by the enhanced ALNS were 0.39% and 4.84% lower than the corresponding time-limited Gurobi incumbents, respectively. For the 30-, 50-, and 100-customer instances, the enhanced ALNS consistently generates feasible solutions within the prescribed computational budget, whereas Gurobi does not obtain a feasible incumbent within substantially longer time limits. Compared with the baseline ALNS, the enhanced version generally achieves lower mean objective values and more favorable convergence behavior. Sensitivity analyses further show that increasing the number of chargers and improving the charging rate can reduce queueing delays and total charging duration. The proposed approach provides practical decision support for reliable and sustainable urban electric freight operations.