The development of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related lockdown had a major impact on vehicle traffic in cities. Based on available data from the selected city of Rzeszow, Poland, it was decided to assess changes in vehicle traffic and the impact of these changes on roadside environmental pollution. As part of the research, data from the first half of 2020 regarding vehicle traffic on selected streets of the city and on the city’s inlet routes were analyzed. For the selected road sections, changes in hourly traffic volume in 2020, compared with 2019, were also determined. With data on traffic volume, an attempt was made to estimate the impact of changes in traffic volume on air pollution in the city. Research on air pollution from motor vehicles was focused on a selected section of a city road that was equipped with an automatic air pollution measurement station located very close to the road. Additionally, at the road intersection and in the vicinity of the measuring station, a sensor was installed in the roadway to count passing vehicles. A preliminary analysis of air pollution data revealed that factors such as wind speed and direction and outside temperature had a large impact on measurement results. To eliminate the influence of these factors and to obtain data concerning only contamination originating from motor vehicles traveling along the road, an appropriate mathematical model of the traffic flow–roadside environment system was built. This model was designed to determine the air pollution in the vicinity of the road generated by traffic flow. The constructed model was verified, and the conditions for its use were determined in order to study the impact of traffic and roadside environment on the level of air pollution from harmful exhaust substances. It was shown that at certain times of the day, especially at low temperatures, other sources of harmful emissions related to home heating play a major role in air pollution in the city.

The paper presented the results of research on the choice of management approaches to ensure the effective functioning of the environmental management system of business entities. New challenges contribute to the formation of a new system of approaches to decision-making. Implementation of...

Nowadays, there is a difference between European and domestic approaches to the functioning and organization of road networks, urban mobility, and effective use of the space of urbanized territories. The main factors were historical development, scientific-technical progress, an administrative component in the formation of financial flows to developing urban systems, terrain, the process of territories` urbanization, and the formation of urban agglomerations. These factors had a direct impact on the shape of the modern state of the road network. The process of Intelligent transport systems integration into the system of domestic cities requires complex approaches, in particular, consideration of the parametric structure of elements, application of communicators not only for the control of traffic flows from the outside but also from the inside, which will allow speeding up the information change in the system. One of the elements of the combination of morphologic elements of the urban environment is the practical application of the criterion of street and road infrastructure interaction and the concept of traffic safety profile. This is a result of a combination of all morphological features and variants of their configuration. In current conditions, a new approach in research is necessary to determine criteria and factors of sustainable development of transport systems. This approach allows operatively considering the changes of the external environment, reacting adequately to the changing behaviour of competitors providing services and consumers, and effectively impacting the demand and supply of transport services. A concept of effectiveness is required to consider both the transport system in general and its separate elements. Implementation of progressive methods of system control of transport flows provides, in conditions of rapid motorization and increasing the urbanized territories areas, obtaining the most significant effect in short terms and allows maximal using the possibilities of urban transport networks.

The features of the functioning of the on-board information systems of a car are considered. Threats to their security are analyzed, and methods for ensuring information security and functional security of on-board information systems are proposed. The design of road networks in the organization of road traffic is one of the factors in ensuring the functional security of modern intelligent transport systems, that is, compliance with such information security attributes as data confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and novelty of data. The security of on-board vehicle information systems is a critical issue in the modern world, as more and more vehicles are equipped with electronic systems that may be vulnerable to cyber attacks. One of the main challenges of protecting on-board information systems is the wide range of devices and technologies used in modern vehicles. Different systems may have different security requirements and vulnerabilities. They may interact with each other in a complex way. Another challenge is that many of these systems were not designed originally with security in mind. They may lack basic security features such as encryption and authentication and use outdated software and protocols that are vulnerable to known attacks. The main types of attacks and threats to the elements of the transportation system that interact with the VANET were identified to analyze the information security of vehicle in-vehicle systems. Based on the theory of fuzzy sets under conditions of uncertainty and using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in the integrated Matlab environment, the level of information security of the OBU-VANET system was modeled. The obtained results allowed us to formulate the degree of information security of vehicle operation elements against unauthorized access to data. The results of the study showed that technical communication systems have the highest security level (> 0.7), and vehicles become the most vulnerable in public places.

Introduction. Recent decades have been characterized by high rates of motorization. At the same time, Ukraine has one of the highest rates of deaths and injuries as a result of road accidents among European countries, and the level of road safety organization remains extremely low. An analysis of international practice has shown that the infrastructure of streets and highways in Ukrainian cities does not fully meet modern requirements. During their construction and reconstruction, ground and underground pedestrian crossings and special bicycle lanes are not always arranged, which could significantly reduce the level of road traffic injuries and deaths. Therefore, analyzing the main reasons for the insufficient level of road safety is one of the steps towards making effective decisions to reduce the risk of road accidents. Purpose. The main purpose of this article is to study the experience of implementing low-risk road infrastructure in the cities of the European Union and compare it with the conditions of traffic management in Ukrainian cities. Results. The analysis of the factors influencing the level of mortality and injuries due to road accidents contributed to the formation of a road safety profile, which is a triad of interaction between three systems in the environment. The study made it possible to assess the level of safety in the organization of traffic on identical sections of urban infrastructure in Rzeszow (Poland) and Kyiv (Ukraine). The paper presents the comparison criteria and parametric indicators of the sections of the road transport network of the cities. Conclusions. Based on the calculations, the most critical points are identified and the conditions for safe traffic management are outlined. Taking into account the directions of strategic and territorial development of Kyiv, the main measures for the development of the city's street and road network are determined, taking into account the experience of the European analog.