The very high-power short-duration (vHP-SD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation concept of atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment by pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) aims for safer, more effective, and faster procedures. Utilizing conventional ablation, the ‘close protocol’ has been verified. Since lesion formation of vHP-SD ablation creates wider but shallower lesions we adapted the close protocol to an individualized and tighter ‘very-close protocol’ of 3–4 mm of inter-lesion distance (ILD) at the anterior and 5–6 mm at the posterior aspect of the left atrium using vHP-SD only. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of vHP-SD ablation for PVI utilizing a very-close protocol in comparison with standard ablation. A total of 50 consecutive patients with symptomatic AF were treated with a very-close protocol utilizing vHP-SD (vHP-SD group). The data were compared with 50 consecutive patients treated by the ablation-index-guided strategy (control group). The mean RF time was 352 ± 81 s (vHP-SD) and 1657 ± 570 s (control, P < 0.0001), and the mean procedure duration was 59 ± 13 (vHP-SD) and 101 ± 38 (control, P < 0.0001). The first-pass isolation rate was 74% (vHP-SD) and 76% (control, P = 0.817). Severe adverse events were reported in 1 (2%, vHP-SD) and 3 (6%, control) patients (P = 0.307). A 12-month recurrence-free survival was 78% (vHP-SD) and 64% (control, P = 0.142). PVI durability assessed during redo-procedures was 75% (vHP-SD) vs. 33% (control, P < 0.001). PVI solely utilizing vHP-SD via a very-close protocol provides safe and effective procedures with a high rate of first-pass isolations. The procedure duration and ablation time were remarkably low. A 12-month follow-up and PVI durability are promising.

The left ventricular performance index (LVGFI) as a comprehensive marker of cardiac performance integrates LV structure with global function within one index. In a prospective cohort study of healthy individuals the LVGFI demonstrated a superior prognostic value as compared to LV ejection fraction (LVEF). In patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), however, the role of the LVGFI is unknown. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the LVGFI and infarct characteristics as well as prognosis in a large multicenter STEMI population. In total 795 STEMI patients reperfused by primary angioplasty (<12 h after symptom onset) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at 8 centers. CMR was completed within one week after infarction using a standardized protocol including LV dimensions, mass and function for calculation of the LVGFI. The primary clinical endpoint of the study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The median LVGFI was 31.2 % (interquartile range 25.7 to 36.6). Patients with LVGFI < median had significantly larger infarcts, less myocardial salvage, a larger extent of microvascular obstruction, higher incidence of intramyocardial hemorrhage and more pronounced LV dysfunction (p < 0.001 for all). MACE and mortality rates were significantly higher in the LVGFI < median group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). The LVGFI had an incremental prognostic value in addition to LVEF for prediction of all-cause mortality. The LVGFI strongly correlates with markers of severe myocardial and microvascular damage in patients with STEMI, offering prognostic information beyond traditional cardiac risk factors including the LVEF. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00712101

Experiences with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) early after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation are limited and show controversial results. We aimed to assess the longer-term safety, efficacy, and acceptance of NOACs in a large real-world cohort of patients presenting for AF catheter ablation. From July 2010 until June 2012, 259 patients undergoing AF catheter ablation were prospectively included. Novel oral anticoagulants were given for at least 3 months post-ablation. Clinical outcome (stroke, thromboembolic events, major bleeding), adverse effects, and drug adherence were assessed at discharge and follow-up. On admission patients were presented with a variety of anticoagulants including 54 patients (21%) already on NOACs prior ablation. After ablation 38% of patients received dabigatran 110 mg, 56% 150 mg, and 6% received rivaroxaban 20 mg. There were four periprocedural thromboembolic and major bleeding complications (1.5%), all in patients without NOACs prior ablation (two on warfarin and two on heparin). During long-term follow-up [311 (199; 418) days] no stroke, systemic embolism, or major haemorrhage could be observed. Uneventful electrical cardioversions and reablation procedures were performed in 27 and 12 patients on dabigatran, respectively. Novel oral anticoagulants were prematurely stopped or switched to another anticoagulant due to side effects or at the preference of the treating general practitioner in 9 and 10 patients, respectively. In this prospective observational study, anticoagulation with NOACs following AF catheter ablation was safe and effective at long-term follow-up. Fast onset of action makes NOACs especially attractive in patients without effective anticoagulation on admission and in patients following periprocedural complications.

Accurate understanding and visualization of the mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias originating from a complex 3D substrate are a prerequisite for successful treatment of such disorders. Nonfluoroscopic cardiac mapping systems are designed to provide the required spatial anatomical information in combination with local electrical information. During recent years, the EnSite system, with its EnSite NavX navigation and visualization technology, and CARTO have evolved as the main representatives. EnSite Velocity is the latest released platform of the EnSite NavX technology. It represents an open system enabling 3D visualization of multiple intracardiac catheters from different manufacturers. Fusion algorithms and respiratory compensation allow for model-guided therapy with real-time nonfluoroscopic visualization of intracardiac catheters within registered 3D CT/MRI images.

Aims: Simplified ablation technologies for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) are increasingly performed worldwide. One of the most common complications following PVI are vascular access-related complications. Lately, venous closure systems (VCSs) were introduced into clinical practice, aiming to reduce the time of bed rest, to increase the patients’ comfort, and to reduce vascular access-related complications. The aim of the present study is to compare the safety and efficacy of using a VCS to achieve haemostasis following single-shot PVI to the actual standard of care [figure-of-eight suture and manual compression (MC)]. Methods and results: This is a prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled, open-label trial performed at three German centres. Patients were randomized 1:1 to undergo haemostasis either by means of VCS (VCS group) or of a figure-of-eight suture and MC (F8 group). The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to ambulation, while the primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major periprocedural adverse events until hospital discharge. A total of 125 patients were randomized. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. The VCS group showed a shorter time to ambulation [109.0 (82.0, 160.0) vs. 269.0 (243.8, 340.5) min; P < 0.001], shorter time to haemostasis [1 (1, 2) vs. 5 (2, 10) min; P < 0.001], and shorter time to discharge eligibility [270 (270, 270) vs. 340 (300, 458) min; P < 0.001]. No major vascular access-related complication was reported in either group. A trend towards a lower incidence of minor vascular access-related complications on the day of procedure was observed in the VCS group [7 (11.1%) vs. 15 (24.2%); P = 0.063] as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Following AF ablation, the use of a VCS results in a significantly shorter time to ambulation, time to haemostasis, and time to discharge eligibility. No major vascular access-related complications were identified. The use of MC and a figure-of-eight suture showed a trend towards a higher incidence of minor vascular access-related complications.

Three-dimensional (3D) mapping has been established for clinical routine in an interventional electrophysiology (EP). Recently, a novel sensor-based 3D catheter tracking system has been introduced integrating 3D non-fluoroscopic catheter navigation into the environment of pre-recorded 2D fluoroscopy [MediGuide™ Technology (MG)]. We are reporting on the first clinical experience for ablation of typical atrial flutter. First we aimed to demonstrate safety and feasibility of this new technique. Secondly, procedural aspects such as effectiveness, procedure, and fluoroscopy time should be evaluated. Ten consecutive patients (100% male, age 68 ± 8 years) were ablated using MG technology. Two steerable diagnostic EP catheters (MediGuide Enabled Livewire™ Catheter, SJM) were used for coronary sinus cannulation and anatomical cavo-tricuspidal isthmus (CTI) reconstruction within the EnSite NavX™ System (NavX). Ablation was performed with a conventional 8 mm tip ablation catheter (IBI, SJM). In all 10 patients both sensor-equipped MG catheters could be tracked non-fluoroscopically. Successful anatomical CTI reconstruction was performed and complete isthmus block was documented after the ablation. Total procedure duration was comparable with conventional procedures (55 ± 8 min). Usage of the MG tracking system resulted in a fluoroscopy time of 2.5 ± 2 min. No adverse events occurred during the procedures. For the first clinical application of the MG technology in an interventional electrophysiology we found a stable system enabling excellent 3D orientation for spatial catheter positioning on the basis of underlying pre-recorded cine loops. Clinically, the MG technology allowed successful procedures with short fluoroscopy times, even though a sensor-equipped ablation catheter was not yet available for use in the study.