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Professor in the field of Forest Ecology at Palacky University olomouc, Czech Republic.
This paper deals with unpublished results of monetary estimation of forest natural habitats in Central European lowland landscape based on the application of original expert methods. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the significance of the monetary valuation of biodiversity for the environmental assessment of landscape. These examined habitats can be damaged by a building of water management infrastructure, and information related to monetary value of habitats will be important for environmental impact assessment. The total monetary value of the forest natural habitats in the study area was remarkably high. The awareness of the high monetary value of forest natural habitats in a specific river catchment based on monetary units can be an important impetus for regional environmental decision- and policy-makers. These results in the study area are wider portable to other regions, where precise information about delimitation of natural habitats in landscape is available.
Ivo Machar; Vilem Pechanec. Monetary Evaluation as a Decision Support Tool for Environmental Assessment of Forest Natural Habitats. Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era 2021, 1225 -1229.
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Vilem Pechanec. Monetary Evaluation as a Decision Support Tool for Environmental Assessment of Forest Natural Habitats. Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era. 2021; ():1225-1229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Vilem Pechanec. 2021. "Monetary Evaluation as a Decision Support Tool for Environmental Assessment of Forest Natural Habitats." Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era , no. : 1225-1229.
Floodplain forests are considered as key forest ecosystems in lowland regions of the temperate climate zone
Ivo Machar. Editorial for Special Issue “Biodiversity and Management of Temperate Floodplain Forests”. Forests 2021, 12, 351 .
AMA StyleIvo Machar. Editorial for Special Issue “Biodiversity and Management of Temperate Floodplain Forests”. Forests. 2021; 12 (3):351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar. 2021. "Editorial for Special Issue “Biodiversity and Management of Temperate Floodplain Forests”." Forests 12, no. 3: 351.
Building on the planetary boundaries (PB) concept and recent studies on assessing the PB at the national level, this paper proposes a new method for addressing the growing need to conceptualize the national environmental limits in the global perspective. The global and national limits for the climate change PB are set using the GDP-adjusted model that represents an innovative and fairer CO2 emissions distribution mechanism. It elaborates on the equity principle and distributes the remaining global emission budget to countries on the basis of their past, current, and future population; past emissions; and current state of economic development. The results point to insufficient global efforts to reduce the CO2 emissions to avoid a global temperature rise of more than 2 °C by 2100. When examining the data in accordance with this climate change scenario, we see that some countries have already spent their CO2 budget and most high-income countries will spend their remaining budget by the end of the decade. This is also the case for the Czech Republic, which exceeded the limit for the period from 2017 onwards in 2018. While the result clearly points to the urgency of the decarbonization process, it also shows that some high-income countries, including the Czech Republic, are currently emitting at the expense of other countries. On the policy level, the findings could contribute to the re-evaluation of the GHG reduction plans as well as setting more appropriate and fairer national targets.
Aneta Parsonsova; Ivo Machar. National Limits of Sustainability: The Czech Republic’s CO2 Emissions in the Perspective of Planetary Boundaries. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2164 .
AMA StyleAneta Parsonsova, Ivo Machar. National Limits of Sustainability: The Czech Republic’s CO2 Emissions in the Perspective of Planetary Boundaries. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneta Parsonsova; Ivo Machar. 2021. "National Limits of Sustainability: The Czech Republic’s CO2 Emissions in the Perspective of Planetary Boundaries." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2164.
Floodplain forests are considered important forest ecosystems, and providers of ecosystem functions and services. The subject of this research was to assess the level of provision of five selected ecosystem functions (climate regulation and regulation of short water cycle, biomass production, oxygen production, and carbon sequestration) and biodiversity by relevant groups of forest habitats, and their mutual comparison. Assessment of ecosystem functions was performed in biophysical units based on published data, our own research, and expert knowledge. The results showed the high importance of floodplain forests. In the majority of the services that were studied, this habitat reached high values and, in comparison with the other habitats, took one of the leading positions. When comparing the ranking in the provision of individual ecosystem functions per unit area, the best-assessed habitat in all assessed functions was floodplain and wetland forests, followed by ravine forests and beech forests, but the analysis of the rate of ecosystem function provision, related to the total area of interest, showed a different order of values. Understanding the context of the individual ecosystem functions of natural ecosystems and those close to nature, in comparison with anthropogenically altered ecosystems is a suggested route for ecologically and economically balanced landscape decision-making, which may increase the efficiency of nature and landscape protection.
Vilém Pechanec; Ivo Machar; Helena Kilianová; Pavel Vyvlečka; Josef Seják; Jan Pokorný; Lenka Štěrbová; Marcela Prokopová; Pavel Cudlín. Ranking the Key Forest Habitats in Ecosystem Function Provision: Case Study from Morava River Basin. Forests 2021, 12, 138 .
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Ivo Machar, Helena Kilianová, Pavel Vyvlečka, Josef Seják, Jan Pokorný, Lenka Štěrbová, Marcela Prokopová, Pavel Cudlín. Ranking the Key Forest Habitats in Ecosystem Function Provision: Case Study from Morava River Basin. Forests. 2021; 12 (2):138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Ivo Machar; Helena Kilianová; Pavel Vyvlečka; Josef Seják; Jan Pokorný; Lenka Štěrbová; Marcela Prokopová; Pavel Cudlín. 2021. "Ranking the Key Forest Habitats in Ecosystem Function Provision: Case Study from Morava River Basin." Forests 12, no. 2: 138.
The intention of the article is to demonstrate how data from historical maps might be applied in the process of flood risk assessment in peri-urban zones located in floodplains and be complementary datasets to the national flood maps. The research took place in two industrial parks near the rivers Žitava and Nitra in the town of Vráble (the oldest industrial park in Slovakia) and the city of Nitra (one of the largest industrial parks in Slovakia, which is still under construction concerning the Jaguar Land Rover facility). The historical maps from the latter half of the 18th and 19th centuries and from the 1950s of the 20th century, as well as the field data on floods gained with the GNSSS receiver in 2010 and the Q100 flood line of the national flood maps (2017), were superposed in geographic information systems. The flood map consists of water flow simulation by a mathematical hydrodynamic model which is valid only for the current watercourse. The comparison of historical datasets with current data indicated various transformations and shifts of the riverbanks over the last 250 years. The results proved that the industrial parks were built up on traditionally and extensively used meadows and pastures through which branched rivers flowed in the past. Recent industrial constructions intensified the use of both territories and led to the modifications of riverbeds and shortening of the watercourse length. Consequently, the river flow energy increased, and floods occurred during torrential events in 2010. If historical maps were respected in the creation of the flood maps, the planned construction of industrial parks in floodplains could be limited or forbidden in the spatial planning documentation. This study confirmed that the flood modelling using the Q100 flood lines does not provide sufficient arguments for investment development groups, and flood maps might be supplied with the data derived from historical maps. The proposed methodology represents a simple, low cost, and effective way of identifying possible flood-prone areas and preventing economic losses and other damages.
Henrich Grežo; Matej Močko; Martin Izsóff; Gréta Vrbičanová; František Petrovič; Jozef Straňák; Zlatica Muchová; Martina Slámová; Branislav Olah; Ivo Machar. Flood Risk Assessment for the Long-Term Strategic Planning Considering the Placement of Industrial Parks in Slovakia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4144 .
AMA StyleHenrich Grežo, Matej Močko, Martin Izsóff, Gréta Vrbičanová, František Petrovič, Jozef Straňák, Zlatica Muchová, Martina Slámová, Branislav Olah, Ivo Machar. Flood Risk Assessment for the Long-Term Strategic Planning Considering the Placement of Industrial Parks in Slovakia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenrich Grežo; Matej Močko; Martin Izsóff; Gréta Vrbičanová; František Petrovič; Jozef Straňák; Zlatica Muchová; Martina Slámová; Branislav Olah; Ivo Machar. 2020. "Flood Risk Assessment for the Long-Term Strategic Planning Considering the Placement of Industrial Parks in Slovakia." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4144.
Dynamic changes of landscape structure affect the abundance and distribution of organisms. Currently, changing land-use is one of the major forces altering ecosystem services in landscapes globally. Human activities are transforming land at a faster rate and greater extent than at any time in history. This is a perspective challenge for research in the field of emerging sustainability science. The human conversion of natural habitats and land use change is not only a local/regional phenomenon but can be considered as one of important global change drivers. Some of the impacts of global change on biodiversity can be studied only at the landscape scale, such as the climate change-induced shift of vegetation zones. A landscape perspective fosters a multi-scale approach to sustainable landscape management and landscape planning. Additionally, a landscape scale is very useful for the innovative application of the common management paradigm to multiple uses in agriculture, forestry and water resource management. The need for sustainable landscape management and planning is now obvious. Landscape conservation seems to be a new paradigm for the conservation of biodiversity. This Special Issue (SI) of the Sustainability journal is focused on building a bridge between scientific theory and the practice of landscape management and planning based on the application of sustainability as a key conceptual framework. Papers dealing with various theoretical studies and case studies of the best practice for sustainable landscape management and planning across diverse landscapes around the world are included.
Ivo Machar. Sustainable Landscape Management and Planning. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2354 .
AMA StyleIvo Machar. Sustainable Landscape Management and Planning. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar. 2020. "Sustainable Landscape Management and Planning." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2354.
Managed broadleaf deciduous forests are an important type of forest vegetation in Central Europe, also in the Western Carpathians. These forests are both economically and environmentally valuable. However, little is known about ecological species groups and the inter-specific associations of dominant species in temperate deciduous managed forests in Central Europe. Since the forest stands are in a managed landscape, they are not consistent with the traditionally recognized and used vegetation associations in the Western Carpathians. For these reasons our research contributes to understanding the consequences of broadleaf deciduous forest management. The aim of this research was the determination of ecological species groups and an investigation into the main environmental drivers, in order to explain the distribution of ecological species groups. The numerical TWINSPAN classification was selected to distribute 146 relevés to the five ecological species groups. Of these, 77 relevés were divided into two groups with Fagus sylvatica dominant, while 63 relevés were Quercus petraea dominant. Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata and Fraxinus excelsior were dominant in 19 relevés. Constrained Analysis of Principal Components was used to explain the vegetation–environment relationship on three transects in the Male Karpaty Mountains. Altitude, pH, Ca, C, K and Mg were selected as the significant environmental drivers responsible for a large part of the species group variability (31.8%). The main requirement for sustainable forest management is knowledge of the vegetation–environment relationship and this research was focused on gaining such understanding. This knowledge can be used as a decision support tool for sustainable management in managed deciduous forests.
Marian Gabor; Pavel Beracko; Vladimir Faltan; Igor Matecny; Lukas Karlik; Frantisek Petrovic; Dusan Vallo; Ivo Machar. Drivers of the Distribution of Ecological Species Groups in Temperate Deciduous Managed Forests in the Western Carpathian Mountains. Forests 2019, 10, 798 .
AMA StyleMarian Gabor, Pavel Beracko, Vladimir Faltan, Igor Matecny, Lukas Karlik, Frantisek Petrovic, Dusan Vallo, Ivo Machar. Drivers of the Distribution of Ecological Species Groups in Temperate Deciduous Managed Forests in the Western Carpathian Mountains. Forests. 2019; 10 (9):798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarian Gabor; Pavel Beracko; Vladimir Faltan; Igor Matecny; Lukas Karlik; Frantisek Petrovic; Dusan Vallo; Ivo Machar. 2019. "Drivers of the Distribution of Ecological Species Groups in Temperate Deciduous Managed Forests in the Western Carpathian Mountains." Forests 10, no. 9: 798.
Anthropogenic landforms are attractive landscape structures. They are linked to the cultural elements of the landscape and they also support biodiversity on the landscape level. Concerning their position within heritage concepts, anthropogenic landforms can be seen as a bridge between natural and cultural heritages. This paper is focused on the relevance of anthropogenic landforms to landscape management and planning. The study is based on the concept of geomorphosites, which can be applied within sustainable management and the conservation of geomorphological heritage. The case study was applied in the urban area of Brno (Czech Republic). The results of the study indicated the importance of anthropogenic landforms for urban landscape conservation and sustainable tourism development. The assessment of landforms in the study area enabled to establish a set of recommendations for the sustainable management of anthropogenic landforms in Brno. This study suggested the assessment of anthropogenic landforms as a support tool for sustainable landscape management in urban areas.
Lucie Kubalikova; Karel Kirchner; Frantisek Kuda; Ivo Machar. The Role of Anthropogenic Landforms in Sustainable Landscape Management. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4331 .
AMA StyleLucie Kubalikova, Karel Kirchner, Frantisek Kuda, Ivo Machar. The Role of Anthropogenic Landforms in Sustainable Landscape Management. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucie Kubalikova; Karel Kirchner; Frantisek Kuda; Ivo Machar. 2019. "The Role of Anthropogenic Landforms in Sustainable Landscape Management." Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4331.
The aim of our study is to identify the evolution of land use and the landscape capacity to provide selected ecosystem services (ESs) over the past 28 years. The results obtained should answer whether the recorded land cover development has manifested in the same way as the development of landscape capacity to provide ESs for four different services. Corine Land Cover (CLC) data are used to describe the land cover for five time periods (1990, 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018) for the area of interest—the whole of the Czech Republic Identification of persistence area. The main trajectories of land cover developments are calculated using overlay spatial operations in GIS. For each analyzed year of landscape development, land cover is evaluated separately, and basic quantification indicators are calculated. At the same time, the filling capacity of selected ESs is evaluated. The results show that the assessed area had the highest capacity to provide ecological integrity in 1990–2006, and then this slightly decreased due to category changes. From a spatial point of view, the worst development trend is seen for provisioning services, where negative development is represented almost all over the country. Ecological integrity and regulating services have similar spatial characteristics of development.
Vilém Pechanec; Helena Kilianová; Elwis Tangwa; Alena Vondráková; Ivo Machar. What is the Development Capacity for Provision of Ecosystem Services in the Czech Republic? Sustainability 2019, 11, 4273 .
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Helena Kilianová, Elwis Tangwa, Alena Vondráková, Ivo Machar. What is the Development Capacity for Provision of Ecosystem Services in the Czech Republic? Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Helena Kilianová; Elwis Tangwa; Alena Vondráková; Ivo Machar. 2019. "What is the Development Capacity for Provision of Ecosystem Services in the Czech Republic?" Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4273.
An optional leisure activity in forest areas for mountainbikers is the subject of discussion in this article. Cycling has become a popular leisure time activity, not only in the Czech Republic but internationally. A bicycle offers the user an unparalleled freedom that seems to have great appeal in these globalized, modern times. A singletrail is a narrow single-directional path for mountain bicycles in the landscape, in contrast to the two-lane forest roads mainly intended for the industrial purposes of forest management. The singletrails of Moravský kras (Moravian Karst) are built on the land owned by the Mendel University in Brno (Masaryk Forest Enterprise Křtiny) near the Jedovnice municipality of the Czech Republic. The aim of the article is to assess the attendance of the area using automatic counters, and to analyse the results, especially according to the illegal transits in the area of interest. The preferences of visitors were evaluated using questionnaires as well. Hypotheses were defined, and the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney testing methods were used to validate or improve them. Separate preferences for men and women were analysed in order to detect the differences or similarities of preferences. According to the results, women notably prefer the medium to easiest level of difficulty of the trails while men mainly prefer the trails of medium difficulty, although they use the most difficult trails too. Contact with nature is important for both the target groups. Training on singletrails is not as important for women as for men, but physical activity is very important to both groups. Women mainly ride on the singletrails for the joy of movement, which they consider to be a more important reason than men. The results of this study will be used to improve the area for mountainbikers as well as singletrail design for newly planned areas. Both human preferences and environmental needs will be taken into account.
Jitka Fialová; David Březina; Nikola Žižlavská; Jakub Michal; Ivo Machar. Assessment of Visitor Preferences and Attendance to Singletrails in the Moravian Karst for the Sustainable Development Proposals. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3560 .
AMA StyleJitka Fialová, David Březina, Nikola Žižlavská, Jakub Michal, Ivo Machar. Assessment of Visitor Preferences and Attendance to Singletrails in the Moravian Karst for the Sustainable Development Proposals. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3560.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJitka Fialová; David Březina; Nikola Žižlavská; Jakub Michal; Ivo Machar. 2019. "Assessment of Visitor Preferences and Attendance to Singletrails in the Moravian Karst for the Sustainable Development Proposals." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3560.
Thorny shrubs are considered as an important driver in the natural development of temperate forest structures, particularly in European lowland forests. We assessed the current role of thorny shrubs in the regeneration of deciduous tree species under heavy browsing pressure in a central European temperate forested landscape. The study’s military training area offered a unique opportunity to investigate the processes in which deciduous tree seedlings grew under thorny shrubs and in the close vicinity of thorny shrubs in a landscape with a high density of large herbivores (red deer and sika deer). We assessed the number of seedlings, species composition, seedling height, and degree of browsing damage, and their relationship to study plots elevation, thorny shrub species, coverage, and height. The regenerated tree seedlings were mostly detected as common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and wild cherry (Cerasus avium). The species of thorny shrubs were blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.), and wild rose (Rosa sp.). We found that the thorny shrubs protected the tree seedlings from browsers to a large extent. However, the effects of thorny shrubs on the tree seedlings' characteristics varied among the shrub species. While results revealed significant effects of hawthorn and wild rose on the tree seedlings' abundance and survival, blackthorn’s negative effect of shading the tree seedlings outweighed its protective role. These results indicated a possible mechanism that enabled the regeneration of deciduous tree species under large herbivore pressure. These results can be applied in the landscape planning and forest management of deciduous tree regeneration and forest restoration in temperate forested lowland landscapes, where high densities of large herbivores (without the presence of large predators) usually occur.
Lubomir Salek; Jaromir Harmacek; Lucie Jerabkova; Osman Topacoglu; Ivo Machar. Thorny Shrubs Limit the Browsing Pressure of Large Herbivores on Tree Regeneration in Temperate Lowland Forested Landscapes. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3578 .
AMA StyleLubomir Salek, Jaromir Harmacek, Lucie Jerabkova, Osman Topacoglu, Ivo Machar. Thorny Shrubs Limit the Browsing Pressure of Large Herbivores on Tree Regeneration in Temperate Lowland Forested Landscapes. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3578.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubomir Salek; Jaromir Harmacek; Lucie Jerabkova; Osman Topacoglu; Ivo Machar. 2019. "Thorny Shrubs Limit the Browsing Pressure of Large Herbivores on Tree Regeneration in Temperate Lowland Forested Landscapes." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3578.
Floodplain forests are considered as key forest ecosystems in lowland regions of the European temperate zone. Ecosystem services of floodplain forests are essential for maintaining and sustainable management of water resources. The ecological role of floodplain forest ecosystems in the landscape is emphasized in the context of global change because of flood risk management in landscapes along lowland European river. This chapter deals with these important functions of floodplain forests. Authors of the chapter contribute a large amount of their own professional experience and also utilize a large amount from published literature in the field of monitoring, research and management practice of the water regime and its consequences for floodplain forests from an European perspective. The aim of the case study from the Czech Republic is to fill the knowledge gaps related to the monetary evaluation of floodplain forest habitats endangered by the international water management project Danube–Oder–Elbe channel. The case study is based on published and unpublished research material both from the Czech Republic and also from sources of other European countries. The presented conclusions from this chapter can be of interest for the better understanding of the floodplain forests functions and sustainable management of floodplain forests and their protection in an European perspective.
I. Machar; H. Hager; V. Pechanec; J. Kulhavy; J. Mindas. Floodplain Forests—Key Forest Ecosystems for Maintaining and Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Alluvial Landscape. Springer Water 2019, 249 -274.
AMA StyleI. Machar, H. Hager, V. Pechanec, J. Kulhavy, J. Mindas. Floodplain Forests—Key Forest Ecosystems for Maintaining and Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Alluvial Landscape. Springer Water. 2019; ():249-274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Machar; H. Hager; V. Pechanec; J. Kulhavy; J. Mindas. 2019. "Floodplain Forests—Key Forest Ecosystems for Maintaining and Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Alluvial Landscape." Springer Water , no. : 249-274.
The retention forestry approach is considered as one of the potentially effective tools for sustainable forest management for conservation of biodiversity in managed temperate and boreal forests. Retention of old-growth forest structures (e.g., very large old living trees) in forest stands during clear-cutting provides maintenance of key habitats for many old-growth forest interior-species. Most of ecological studies on green tree retention (GTR) consequences for biodiversity have been focused on birds. However, the long-term studies of GTR impacts on forest birds are very poor. In this paper, we focused on assessment of the long-term consequences of leaving legacy oak trees on the cut areas for bird diversity 18–22 years after clear-cutting in managed temperate European hardwood floodplain forests. Results based on bird counting using mapping of bird nesting territories revealed a key importance of legacy oak trees for maintaining bird diversity in the study area. These results are widely applicable for managed temperate hardwood forests with serious dominance of oak (Quercus sp.) in forest stands. Legacy oak trees in this habitat type are keystone structures for bird diversity. Retention approach focused on these trees is potentially an important conservation tool for preserving forest bird diversity and other associated species in temperate hardwood forests managed by clear-cutting.
Ivo Machar; Martin Schlossarek; Vilem Pechanec; Lubos Uradnicek; Ludek Praus; Ahmet Sıvacıoğlu. Retention Forestry Supports Bird Diversity in Managed, Temperate Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests 2019, 10, 300 .
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Martin Schlossarek, Vilem Pechanec, Lubos Uradnicek, Ludek Praus, Ahmet Sıvacıoğlu. Retention Forestry Supports Bird Diversity in Managed, Temperate Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests. 2019; 10 (4):300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Martin Schlossarek; Vilem Pechanec; Lubos Uradnicek; Ludek Praus; Ahmet Sıvacıoğlu. 2019. "Retention Forestry Supports Bird Diversity in Managed, Temperate Hardwood Floodplain Forests." Forests 10, no. 4: 300.
Sustainably managed forests provide multiple ecosystem services in cultural landscapes, including maintaining biodiversity. Better understanding of the benefits regarding the biodiversity of different silvicultural practices is important for sustainable landscape management. Conservation targets in forested landscapes should be determined by land managers and policy-makers, based on serious ecological research. This study deals with response of bird diversity to three different habitat types of temperate hardwood floodplain forests, which reflect specific forms of forest management. Research was based on long-term field bird census in the years 1998 to 2002 applying the point count method. Data was analysed using regression analysis with dummy variables. The results of the study indicate that hardwood floodplain forest heterogeneity, supported by different types of forest management (old-growth forest protection, group-selection harvesting and forest edge protection), provides large-scale habitat mosaic conditions suitable for many breeding bird species with different ecological niches. This result suggests that comparison of bird diversity response to different forest management types can be used as a decision support tool for sustainable landscape management strategy and local management practices in forested cultural lowland landscapes. Improvements in both regional and local ecological knowledge are generally needed in order to control floodplain land use decisions, which are typically made on the scale of landscape management.
Ivo Machar; Karel Poprach; Jaromir Harmacek; Jitka Fialova. Bird Diversity as a Support Decision Tool for Sustainable Management in Temperate Forested Floodplain Landscapes. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1527 .
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Karel Poprach, Jaromir Harmacek, Jitka Fialova. Bird Diversity as a Support Decision Tool for Sustainable Management in Temperate Forested Floodplain Landscapes. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Karel Poprach; Jaromir Harmacek; Jitka Fialova. 2019. "Bird Diversity as a Support Decision Tool for Sustainable Management in Temperate Forested Floodplain Landscapes." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1527.
Regional biogeographical models are considered to be important tools for supporting decisions relating to sustainable agricultural planning for climate change. These models are useful for a better understanding of the impact of climate change on individual crop species due to their sensitivity to regional ecological conditions. This paper deals with the application of a regional biogeographical model in order to predict the impact of climate change on growing conditions for grain maize in Central Europe. The model is based on a detailed knowledge of the relationships between the climatic characteristics of vegetation zones in landscapes with ecological growing conditions suitable for grain maize in the region under study. The results gained from using the model indicate a substantial increase in the total area suitable for growing of grain maize in the study region. By 2070, this area is expected to be triple the size it is today. Special maps are used to visualize prediction scenarios in order to support decision-making in regional planning in the study region, where grain maize is an important agricultural crop. This biogeographical model can be used in other European regions, where basic data related to vegetation zones are available.
Petr Pavlik; Veronika Vlckova; Ivo Machar. Changes to Land Area Used for Grain Maize Production in Central Europe due to Predicted Climate Change. International Journal of Agronomy 2019, 2019, 1 -9.
AMA StylePetr Pavlik, Veronika Vlckova, Ivo Machar. Changes to Land Area Used for Grain Maize Production in Central Europe due to Predicted Climate Change. International Journal of Agronomy. 2019; 2019 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetr Pavlik; Veronika Vlckova; Ivo Machar. 2019. "Changes to Land Area Used for Grain Maize Production in Central Europe due to Predicted Climate Change." International Journal of Agronomy 2019, no. : 1-9.
The impact of climate change on forest ecosystems may manifest itself by a shift in forest vegetation zones in the landscape northward and into higher elevations. Studies of climate change-induced vegetation zone shifts in forest ecosystems have been relatively rare in the context of European temperate zone (apart from Alpine regions). The presented paper outlines the results of a biogeographic model of climatic conditions in forest vegetation zones applied in the Central European landscape. The objective of the study is a prediction of future silvicultural conditions for the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), which is one of the principal tree species within European forests. The model is based on a general environmental dependence of forest vegetation zones on the long-term effect of altitudinal and exposure climates defined by the mean and extreme air temperatures and the amount and distribution of atmospheric precipitation. The climatological data for the model were provided by a validated regional climate database for 2010 – 2090 according to the SRES A1B scenario, bound to specific geo-referenced points in the landscape. The geobiocoenological data in the model were provided by the Biogeography Register database which contains ecological data on the landscape bound to individual cadastres of the entire Czech Republic. The biogeographic model applies special programs (the FORTRAN programming language) in the environment of geographic information systems. The model outputs can be clearly graphically visualized as scenarios of predicted future climatic conditions of landscape vegetation zones. Modelling of the regional scenario of changes in the climatic conditions of forest vegetation zones reveals that in the prediction period of 2070 and beyond, good and very good climatic conditions for the cultivation of forests with dominant Norway spruce will be found only in some parts of its today’s native range in forest vegetation zones 5 – 8. Based on the results provided by the regional scenario, the authors of this paper recommend fundamental reassessment of the national strategy of sustainable forest management in the Czech Republic, stipulating that the current practice of spruce cultivation be reduced only to areas specifically defined by the biogeographic model. The paper shows that biogeographic models based on the concept of vegetation zoning can be applied not only in regional scenarios of climate change in the landscape but also as support tools for the creation of strategies of sustainable forest management.
Ivo Machar; Veronika Vlckova; Lubomir Salek; Vilém Pechanec; Arkadiusz Nowak; Sylwia Nowak; Vitezslav Plasek; Juraj Svajda; Zdenek Oprsal; Osman Topacoglu. Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests. Journal of Landscape Ecology 2018, 11, 45 -63.
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Veronika Vlckova, Lubomir Salek, Vilém Pechanec, Arkadiusz Nowak, Sylwia Nowak, Vitezslav Plasek, Juraj Svajda, Zdenek Oprsal, Osman Topacoglu. Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests. Journal of Landscape Ecology. 2018; 11 (3):45-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Veronika Vlckova; Lubomir Salek; Vilém Pechanec; Arkadiusz Nowak; Sylwia Nowak; Vitezslav Plasek; Juraj Svajda; Zdenek Oprsal; Osman Topacoglu. 2018. "Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests." Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, no. 3: 45-63.
Jan Brus; Vilem Pechanec; Ivo Machar. Depiction of uncertainty in the visually interpreted land cover data. Ecological Informatics 2018, 47, 10 -13.
AMA StyleJan Brus, Vilem Pechanec, Ivo Machar. Depiction of uncertainty in the visually interpreted land cover data. Ecological Informatics. 2018; 47 ():10-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Brus; Vilem Pechanec; Ivo Machar. 2018. "Depiction of uncertainty in the visually interpreted land cover data." Ecological Informatics 47, no. : 10-13.
Temperate hardwood floodplain forests along lowland rivers are considered important forest biodiversity refugia in the European cultural landscape. The absence of apex predators combined with an artificial feeding of herbivore populations in winter seasons has caused an increase in browsing pressure on hardwood trees, nearly preventing their regeneration in some localities. There are still important knowledge gaps in understanding the relationships between deer abundance (and browsing pressure) and the abundance (and diversity) of forest bird species in unmanaged hardwood forests. We have studied the red deer and fallow deer browsing pressure in Central European unmanaged hardwood floodplain forests using a novel method based on monitoring browsing pressure along transects combined with bird census data in the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic). The monitoring data suggested a very high browsing pressure on hardwood trees, causing a strong reduction of the shrub layer and young tree layer (30–210 cm above ground surface). The bird census data from the study area were collected using the territory mapping method. Our results revealed a bird diversity decline in all study plots and the bush nesters guild was found to be completely absent. As bird species from the bush nesters guild are generally common (usually dominant) in hardwood floodplain forest ecosystems with a rich shrub and young tree layer and low browsing pressure, we conclude that intense browsing by large herbivores represents a limiting factor to the bird diversity (especially bush nesters) of hardwood floodplain forests.
Ivo Machar; Petr Cermak; Vilem Pechanec. Ungulate Browsing Limits Bird Diversity of the Central European Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests 2018, 9, 373 .
AMA StyleIvo Machar, Petr Cermak, Vilem Pechanec. Ungulate Browsing Limits Bird Diversity of the Central European Hardwood Floodplain Forests. Forests. 2018; 9 (7):373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvo Machar; Petr Cermak; Vilem Pechanec. 2018. "Ungulate Browsing Limits Bird Diversity of the Central European Hardwood Floodplain Forests." Forests 9, no. 7: 373.
Norway spruce dominates mountain forests in Europe. Natural variations in the mountainous coniferous forests are strongly influenced by all the main components of forest and landscape dynamics: species diversity, the structure of forest stands, nutrient cycling, carbon storage, and other ecosystem services. This paper deals with an empirical windthrow risk model based on the integration of logistic regression into GIS to assess forest vulnerability to wind-disturbance in the mountain spruce forests of Šumava National Park (Czech Republic). It is an area where forest management has been the focus of international discussions by conservationists, forest managers, and stakeholders. The authors developed the empirical windthrow risk model, which involves designing an optimized data structure containing dependent and independent variables entering logistic regression. The results from the model, visualized in the form of map outputs, outline the probability of risk to forest stands from wind in the examined territory of the national park. Such an application of the empirical windthrow risk model could be used as a decision support tool for the mountain spruce forests in a study area. Future development of these models could be useful for other protected European mountain forests dominated by Norway spruce.
Lukas Krejci; Jaromir Kolejka; Vit Vozenilek; Ivo Machar. Application of GIS to Empirical Windthrow Risk Model in Mountain Forested Landscapes. Forests 2018, 9, 96 .
AMA StyleLukas Krejci, Jaromir Kolejka, Vit Vozenilek, Ivo Machar. Application of GIS to Empirical Windthrow Risk Model in Mountain Forested Landscapes. Forests. 2018; 9 (2):96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukas Krejci; Jaromir Kolejka; Vit Vozenilek; Ivo Machar. 2018. "Application of GIS to Empirical Windthrow Risk Model in Mountain Forested Landscapes." Forests 9, no. 2: 96.
In conservation biology, there is a general consensus that protected areas (PAs) are one of the most effective tools for biodiversity protection. Worldwide, the area of PAs is continually increasing. But is the effectiveness of biodiversity protection improving with it? Since many PAs only exist as “paper parks” (i.e. they exist on maps and in legislation but offer little actual protection), the answer is uncertain. Moreover, it has long been known that, not only an increase in the extent of PAs, but also the efficiency of their management is fundamentally important for effective nature conservation. Therefore, there is a wide-ranging discussion about the actual effectiveness of PAs and factors that influence it. In the course of the EU pre-accession phase, a comprehensive field mapping of natural habitats took place in the Czech Republic in years 2001−2004. The mapping results were used to designate Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) as part of the Natura 2000 network. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of this newly created system of SACs for protection of biodiversity represented by the mapped natural habitats. The NCEI index (Nature Conservation Effectiveness Index) was applied, calculated as the total area of a particular habitat type in all SACs in the Czech Republic divided by the total area of that same natural habitat in the entire Czech Republic. Habitat protection in the Czech Republic is focused primarily on the smallest types of rare habitats, many of which are classified as critically endangered. The Czech national system of SACs provides protection to a total of 4,491.68 km2 of natural habitats. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the overall effectiveness of the SAC system in the Czech Republic, which is specifically aimed at protecting natural habitats, is low (NCEI = 0.36). Nevertheless, the critically endangered habitats receive maximum protection (NCEI = 1)
Vilém Pechanec; Ivo Machar; Tomáš Pohanka; Zdeněk Opršal; František Petrovič; Juraj Svajda; Lubomír Šálek; Karel Chobot; Jarmila Filippovová; Pavel Cudlín; Jitka Málková. Effectiveness of Natura 2000 system for habitat types protection: A case study from the Czech Republic. Nature Conservation 2018, 24, 21 -41.
AMA StyleVilém Pechanec, Ivo Machar, Tomáš Pohanka, Zdeněk Opršal, František Petrovič, Juraj Svajda, Lubomír Šálek, Karel Chobot, Jarmila Filippovová, Pavel Cudlín, Jitka Málková. Effectiveness of Natura 2000 system for habitat types protection: A case study from the Czech Republic. Nature Conservation. 2018; 24 ():21-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilém Pechanec; Ivo Machar; Tomáš Pohanka; Zdeněk Opršal; František Petrovič; Juraj Svajda; Lubomír Šálek; Karel Chobot; Jarmila Filippovová; Pavel Cudlín; Jitka Málková. 2018. "Effectiveness of Natura 2000 system for habitat types protection: A case study from the Czech Republic." Nature Conservation 24, no. : 21-41.